C.A.L. Bassett et al. · 1977
This 1977 study by Dr. Bassett examined using pulsed electromagnetic fields to heal bone fractures that had failed to heal naturally or through surgery. The research focused on treating pseudarthroses and non-unions (broken bones that won't mend properly) with ELF electromagnetic field therapy. This represents early medical research into therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields for bone regeneration.
Christopher H. Dodge · 1977
This 1977 government report documented proceedings from an international symposium examining biological effects of electromagnetic waves, particularly microwave exposure. The symposium brought together researchers to discuss occupational health aspects and biological impacts of electromagnetic radiation. This represents early recognition by government agencies that EMF exposure warranted scientific investigation and international coordination.
Stephen S. Rosenfeld · 1977
This 1977 research examined non-ionizing radiation sickness, focusing on microwave radiation health effects including the famous 'Moscow Signal' incident where Soviet microwaves targeted the U.S. embassy. The study explored the medical and political dimensions of microwave radiation exposure affecting diplomatic personnel.
Richard A. Tell · 1977
This 1977 EPA technical report analyzed radar exposure levels across the San Francisco Bay Area, measuring electromagnetic radiation from various radar installations. The study documented the scope and intensity of radar emissions affecting residents in one of America's most densely populated metropolitan areas during the height of Cold War radar deployment.
John M. Osepchuk · 1977
This 1977 IEEE technical report by J. Osepchuk examined microwave radiation bioeffects as part of the Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) activities. The document represents early institutional efforts to assess non-ionizing radiation health impacts during the emergence of microwave technology. This work contributed to foundational understanding of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems.
Tell R A · 1977
This 1977 EPA technical report analyzed radar exposure levels across the San Francisco Bay Area, mapping electromagnetic radiation from military and civilian radar installations. The study represents one of the earliest systematic assessments of population-level radar exposure in a major metropolitan area during the height of Cold War radar deployment.
A. Bruner · 1977
Researchers monitored approximately 600 workers at electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator facilities through annual physical examinations over several years. The study found no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure among these occupationally exposed personnel. This represents one of the larger workplace EMF surveillance studies from the 1970s.
James A. Hathaway et al. · 1977
Researchers examined over 800 microwave and laser workers for eye damage through medical surveillance programs. No lens or retinal defects were found that could be linked to workplace radiation exposure. The study concluded that routine eye exams for these workers were unnecessary and wasteful.
A. Bruner · 1977
A 1977 study examined approximately 600 workers at electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator facilities over multiple years through comprehensive annual physical examinations. The researchers found no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure among these occupationally exposed personnel. This represents one of the early systematic reviews of EMF health effects in workplace settings.
J. Toler, J. Seals · 1977
This 1977 NIOSH government report documented the development of a measurement system for studying how radiofrequency radiation interacts with human and animal tissue at the cellular level. The research focused on measuring dielectric properties, which determine how biological tissues absorb and respond to RF energy. This foundational work helped establish scientific methods for understanding RF exposure effects in living organisms.
R. S. Molday, S. P. S. Yen, A. Rembaum · 1977
Researchers applied electric pulses of a few thousand volts per centimeter to human red blood cells for microseconds, causing the cell membranes to develop controlled pores that could later reseal. This 1977 study demonstrated that brief, intense electric fields can temporarily breach cellular barriers in predictable ways.
Arthur W. Guy, Michael D. Webb, John A. McDougall · 1977
This 1977 government study examined how radiofrequency radiation is absorbed by human and animal bodies, creating mathematical models to predict absorption patterns. The research established foundational methods for understanding how RF energy penetrates and distributes throughout biological tissues. This work became crucial for developing safety standards and exposure limits still used today.
NEUKOMM Peter A. · 1977
This 1977 engineering research examined the technical challenges of designing small antennas that could be mounted directly on the human body for biomedical telemetry applications. The study focused on how body-mounted antennas perform differently than traditional antennas due to their close proximity to human tissue. This work laid important groundwork for understanding how electromagnetic fields interact with the human body when devices are worn or implanted.
Wesley J. Marshall et al. · 1977
US Army researchers studied the eye safety risks from looking directly at various welding processes, including gas tungsten arc welding. They found that all welding methods tested emit potentially dangerous levels of visible light radiation that could harm the retina. However, the recommended protective filter shade numbers were generally adequate to protect welders' eyes.
Arthur W. Guy, Michael D. Webb, John A. McDougall · 1977
This 1977 NIOSH technical report examined how radiofrequency (RF) radiation is absorbed by human and animal bodies through mathematical modeling. The research developed computational methods to predict absorption patterns, which is fundamental for understanding how RF energy interacts with biological tissue. This work laid important groundwork for establishing safety standards and exposure limits.
Gandhi OP, Hagmann MJ · 1977
This 1977 study used computer models and phantom experiments to map how radiofrequency energy is absorbed throughout the human body. Researchers found that energy absorption varies dramatically with frequency and surrounding environment, with people standing on ground absorbing seven times more RF energy than in free space.
James A. Hathaway et al. · 1977
Researchers examined over 800 microwave and laser workers for eye damage through medical surveillance programs. No lens or retinal problems could be linked to workplace radiation exposure. The study concluded that routine eye exams for these workers were unnecessary and unproductive.
S.C. Kashyap, F.R. Hunt · 1977
Researchers in 1977 built a sophisticated laboratory system to precisely measure how much radiofrequency energy the human body absorbs when exposed to 10-26 MHz electromagnetic radiation. The system could simulate both free-space and grounded conditions with exceptional precision of ± 0.05% in power absorption measurements. This early work established important methods for quantifying human EMF exposure that remain relevant today.
Toler J, Seals J · 1977
This 1977 government report documented the development of measurement systems to study how radiofrequency (RF) radiation interacts with human and animal tissue at the cellular level. The research focused on establishing standardized methods for measuring dielectric properties - essentially how biological tissues absorb and respond to RF energy. This foundational work helped establish early protocols for understanding RF bioeffects and workplace safety standards.
Douglas A. Hill et al. · 1977
This 1977 study developed a highly precise system to measure how much radiofrequency energy the human body absorbs from 10-26 MHz electromagnetic radiation. Testing three volunteers at 23.25 MHz, researchers found people absorbed only 0-2 watts from 400 watts of incident power, but absorption varied significantly between individuals and body positions.
A. Bruner · 1977
This 1977 military study examined approximately 600 workers exposed to electromagnetic pulses (EMP) at simulator facilities over several years. Comprehensive annual physical examinations and medical surveillance found no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure within a 10-year observation period.
Joan M. Bull, Paul H. Levine · 1976
This 1976 JAMA editorial examined the use of heat as a cancer therapy, exploring hyperthermia treatments that deliberately raise tumor temperatures to damage cancer cells. The editorial discussed the potential of controlled heat application to cause tumor regression in human patients. This research represents early investigation into thermal therapy approaches for treating malignancies.
Fox JW, Knadle RT Jr., Brook RH · 1976
This 1976 study examined radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field exposures in hospital operating rooms, where medical staff work around electronic equipment that generates RF emissions. The research focused on workplace practices and engineering controls to manage RF exposure in surgical environments. This represents early recognition that healthcare workers face unique EMF exposure risks from medical devices.
Daels, J · 1976
This 1976 study investigated the use of microwave energy to heat uterine wall tissue during childbirth (parturition). The research examined how microwave heating could potentially be applied in obstetric procedures, representing early exploration of microwave technology in medical applications. This work provides historical context for understanding how microwave energy interacts with reproductive tissues.
D. R. McNiven, D. J. Wyper · 1976
Researchers tested different therapies on human muscle blood flow and found microwave therapy dramatically increased circulation by nearly 300% (from 2.9 to 11.4 ml/100g/min). Other treatments like infrared, ice, massage, and electromagnetic therapy showed no significant effects. This demonstrates microwaves have unique biological effects on human circulation.
