ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORPTION IN MULTILAYERED CYLINDRICAL MODELS OF MAN
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Resting blood flow rates were about 2 ml/min/100 gm and maximum rates reached 32 ml/min/100 gm at depths of 1.5 cm and 3.0 cm. Microwave heating alone increased blood flow at the shallow depth of 1.5 cm. Adding surface cooling before and during heating eliminated the flow increase at the shallow depth but augmented perfusion at the deeper depth.
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J. D. Hardy, D. Murgatroyd
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Bill Rados
Vogt, A.
Clinton Cox, William E. Murray, Jr., Edward P. Foley, Jr.
Rutger Wever
C. J. Chilton
James Greene
Peter W. Barber et al.
Researchers used a multilayered planar model to examine how surface layers such as skin, fat, and muscle affect whole-body power absorption. They found that the layering resonance for three-dimensional bodies can be predicted accurately by a planar model. Applying this method to a prolate spheroidal model of man predicted a whole-body layering resonance at 1.8 GHz with 34 percent higher absorption than a homogeneous model, and a 24 percent reduction at 5.7 GHz.
Habib Massoudi, Carl H. Durney, Curtis C. Johnson
Hubert Fischer, Horst Müller
R. J. Lindquist
D.M. Deffenbaugh, R.J. Spiegel, J.R. Mann
Researchers modeled the human body numerically to determine thermal response under varied electromagnetic exposures by modifying heat transfer equations to account for absorbed electromagnetic energy. The body was represented as cylindrical segments sized to statistical 2.5%, 50%, and 97.5% anthropometry, and the combined code output temperatures at 61 discrete locations plus thermoregulatory responses such as vasoconstriction, vasodilation, shivering, and sweating. In a typical simulation at 80 MHz with 10 mW/cm² incident power, a hot spot appeared in the lower thigh, and at power levels above about 20 mW/cm² core temperatures rose uncontrollably, indicating failure of protective heat control mechanisms.
Marcia Lowery, Kenneth Dobbie
Martin L. Meltz
John F. Davis et al.
The system records the stimulation series and EEG responses on tape, forms the tape into a loop, and plays it through a gated integrator to plot the averaged response amplitude at selected time points. With recording at 33 ¼ ips and play- back at 15 ips, the analysis proceeds at four times the speed of the original experiment. However, since as many as one hundred points may have to be plotted, the analysis can still run to several hours. At present, the speed ratio is limited to 4:1 by considerations of transient response and information bandwidth.
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Researchers performed transient thermographic measurements on a full-size human head phantom filled with muscle-equivalent material, irradiated by a quarter-wave monopole antenna excited at 100 watts and 456.65 MHz. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) occurred when the antenna tip was at the bridge or tip of the nose, while a flat surface like the forehead reduced peak SAR to about one-third of the maximum. Thermal diffusion corrections applied to data at one-inch antenna-to-model spacing yielded a peak SAR of about 200 W/kg in a small superficial region at the bridge of the nose.
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The researchers are developing a magnetic induction system to produce localized hyperthermia in intracranial tumors. Differential heating is achieved using small ferromagnetic seeds that can be stereotactically embedded in residual tumor during craniotomy. In phantom tests, Trial 16 showed a temperature differential greater than 4°C out to 1 cm from the implant site with no significant direct heating of the phantom by the RF field. Heating patterns in single seed phantoms matched the theoretically expected inverse radial distance dependence.