Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants to 30,000 pulses emitted through a Koshelev antenna. They monitored expression of genes involved in calcium metabolism, signal transduction, ROS, and energy status. The treatment did not significantly change mRNA levels of calmodulin, ZAT12, RBOH D and F, CAT2, GSH1, GSH2, SnRK1, or TOR. However, APX-1 and APX-6 were significantly induced three hours after exposure. These results suggest that this treatment, although quite strong in amplitude, is mostly ineffective in inducing biological effects at the transcriptional level when delivered by an antenna.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers evaluated effects of non-ionizing radiation from three cell phone towers on Allium cepa at five sites with different power densities and a zero-exposure control. Mean power densities at the five sites were 1.05, 1.18, 1.6, 2.73, and 12.9 μW/cm². A significant change in morphology, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight in Allium cepa was observed under the exposure at different sites. Protein content of roots showed significant difference for samples at all sites while bulbs at sites S4 and S5 when compared to control. The samples under exposure to radiation with maximum power density have shown maximum induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity.
Senavirathna MDHJ, Maimaiti Z · 2024
The study assessed the short-term impact of low-intensity 2.45 GHz exposure on young Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Plants were exposed to continuous wave 2.45 GHz microwaves at 1.0 ± 0.1 W m−2 for 48 hours in anechoic chambers. Exposure increased photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, guaiacol peroxidase activity, and ascorbic peroxidase activity, while catalase activity decreased. Photosystem efficiency remained unchanged, non-photochemical quenching increased, leaf morphology showed no significant changes, and genomic template stability was unaffected.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers studied the impact of 2850 MHz electromagnetic field radiation on red and green cabbage seedlings, exposing them daily for seven days to homogeneous EMF-r for one, two, or four hours. Exposure caused dose-dependent reductions in root length, shoot length, and biomass in both cultivars compared with controls. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly in both red and green cabbage. Phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents increased with exposure duration in both cultivars. EMF-r produced oxidative stress shown by dose-dependent increases in total antioxidant activity, DPPH activity, H2O2 content, and MDA content, while antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2023
The study aimed to estimate genetic alterations in proteins, isozymes, and DNA banding patterns and the extent of nuclear DNA damage in corn under electromagnetic radiation stress using SDS-PAGE, isozyme assays, RAPD-PCR, and Comet assay. SDS-PAGE analysis showed distinct polymorphisms of 96.66% between exposed and non-exposed seedlings, with band molecular weights ranging from 60.27 to 192.35 kDa and gain or loss of bands. RAPD-PCR generated 85 amplified products with polymorphism values from 90.91% to 100% and DNA fragment sizes from 153 to 1008 bp, while Comet assay recorded a tailed ratio of 20% in exposed nuclei after 5 days versus 3% in controls.
Unknown authors · 2023
The study examined RF-EMF effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in indoor and outdoor settings using DECT (1890–1900 MHz) and Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) frequencies. Under greenhouse conditions, RF-EMF had only a minor impact on fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and did not affect flowering time. In field conditions, RF-EMF exposure significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency, accelerated flowering, down-regulated VDE and ZEP genes, and lowered FV/FM and NPQ under light stress.
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2023
Yang H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gan P, Luo X, Zhong S, Zuo W · 2022
Researchers exposed forty male guinea pigs to 3500 MHz RF-EMR at SARs of 0, 2, 4, or 10 W/kg for 72 hours. They measured malondialdehyde levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, anxiety-like behavior, hearing thresholds, cell ultrastructure, and apoptosis in the auditory cortex. Exposure increased MDA levels and decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the auditory cortex. Ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria and layered myelin sheaths, and apoptosis markers such as cytochrome-c relocalization and caspase activation were observed. Hearing thresholds and basic behavior indexes did not change significantly.
Mildažienė V et al. · 2019
Cold plasma for 7 minutes and electromagnetic field for 15 minutes caused 19–24% faster germination in vitro and resulted in higher leaf weight for the electromagnetic field treatment. In substrate, vacuum and 15-minute electromagnetic field accelerated germination by 9% and 17% respectively. Vacuum decreased zeatin by 39%, cold plasma increased gibberellin content, and electromagnetic field reduced abscisic acid by 55–60%. Short exposures to electromagnetic field or cold plasma induced similar long-term changes in leaf protein expression, mainly stimulating photosynthetic proteins.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields for 1 hour and 4 hours and measured mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage using the comet assay. After 4 hours of exposure, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration percentage increased significantly compared to controls. DNA damage was indicated by a significant decrease in head DNA and increase in tail DNA after 4 hours, while tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly. Post-exposure evaluation after 24 hours showed no significant recovery or change.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh adventitious onion roots to continuous electromagnetic fields at 2350 MHz for one, two, or four hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberrations, while genotoxicity was assessed via comet assay measuring head DNA, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Mitotic index increased significantly after four hours and chromosomal aberrations increased after two hours or more, while phase index showed no specific changes. Head DNA and tail DNA percentages changed significantly after two and four hours respectively, but tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly.
Luo K, Luo C, Li G, Yao X, Gao R, Hu Z, Zhang G, Zhao H. · 2019
Researchers studied how a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) affected antioxidant enzyme activity and metabolic rate in the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae over multiple generations. Direct exposure of aphids and wheat seeds to a 2- or 4-kV/cm HVEF for 20 minutes resulted in significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the sixth, 11th, 16th, and 21st generations, but significantly decreased SOD activity in the second generation. Catalase and peroxidase activities showed significant decreases across multiple generations, and exposure to the 4-kV/cm HVEF for 20 min also significantly decreased the aphids' metabolic rates.
Wang L, Yang J, Wang F, Zhou P, Wang K , Ming D · 2018
Researchers established a depression rat model using chronic unpredictable stress. Rats were exposed to low-frequency pulsed magnetic field at 1 Hz and 20 mT for 14 days, one hour per day. They assessed behavior with the elevated plus-maze test and recorded hippocampal local field potentials. Analysis used sample entropy, phase locked value, and phase-amplitude coupling modulation index. LFPMF significantly relieved depression-like behaviors and improved identical-frequency synchronization and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling.
Dong L, Zheng Y, Li ZY, Li G, Lin L · 2018
Researchers developed a novel patch-clamp setup for on-line LF-EMF stimulation. They applied magnetic fields of 0.5, 1, and 2 mT at 15, 50, and 100 Hz to study effects on synaptic plasticity. The slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials decreased significantly under priming on-line uninterrupted or pulsed sinusoidal LF-EMF stimulation. The study investigated whether LF-EMFs can induce long-term potentiation in male Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Results showed that 100 Hz pulsed sinusoidal LF-EMFs acts only as a modulator, not an inducer of long-term potentiation.
Unknown authors · 2018
Shokrollahi S, Ghanati F, Sajedi RH, Sharifi M · 2018
Researchers exposed soybean plants to static magnetic fields of 0, 20, and 30 mT for 5 days at 5 hours each day, examining ferrous content and the gene expression and activity of ferritin and catalase. At 20 mT, gene expression of the iron transporter, ferrous content, hydrogen peroxide content, and ferritin and catalase gene expression, content, and activity all decreased. Opposite responses were observed under 30 mT treatments. The researchers also evaluated purified ferritin and apoferritin from horse spleen and catalase from bovine liver under the static magnetic field, finding that tertiary structure, size, and activity were altered, while secondary structure was not influenced.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers conducted a long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, to examine the connection between unusual tree damage and radiofrequency exposure. They measured radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 144 locations and interpolated the points to compile an electromagnetic map of power flux density, and selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low radiation areas for comparison. Measurements showed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and trees in low radiation areas showed no damage.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers studied the mutagenic effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure using the micronucleus test in secondary roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Roots were exposed for 72 hours using a continuous wave of 915 MHz radiation at three power density levels, with specific absorption rate values falling in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 W/kg. Three independent experiments showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency, from a 2.3-fold increase at the lowest SAR level up to a 7-fold increase at the highest SAR.
Vian A, Davies E, Gendraud M, Bonnet P. · 2016
The review identifies exposure devices and illustrates plant responses at cellular, molecular, and whole-plant scales. Low-power high-frequency EMF modifies numerous metabolic activities, alters gene expression, and reduces growth. These changes occur systemically in distant tissues, not only in directly exposed tissues.
Asghar T, Jamil Y, Iqbal M, Zia-Ul-Haq, Abbas M · 2016
The study examined how laser light and magnetic field pre-sowing treatments affect soybean seeds and seedlings during early growth stages. Both treatments significantly increased specific enzyme activities, biochemical contents, and chlorophyll contents compared to untreated seeds. Magnetic field treatment showed slightly higher effects than laser treatment except for protease, amylase, and ascorbic acid.
Bertea et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Arabidopsis thaliana grown in Petri plates to both normal and reversed geomagnetic field conditions. Exposed plants were photographed and analyzed for root length and leaf area, and RNA was extracted for qPCR analysis of genes including CRU3, COTP1, RRTF1, FSD1, CAT3, TAPX, APX1, and RbohD. The study found that reversing the GMF polarity using triaxial coils had significant effects on plant growth and gene expression.
Al-Huqail AA, Abdelhaliem E · 2015
Researchers analyzed proteins and nuclear DNA of maize seedlings exposed to ELF for different periods using SDS-PAGE, isozymes, RAPD, and comet assay. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 46 polypeptide bands with molecular weights from 186.20 to 36.00 KDa and a polymorphism value of 84.62%. Leucine-aminopeptidase, peroxidase, and catalase isozymes showed 100% polymorphism, while esterase isozyme showed 83.33% polymorphism. Amino acid analysis identified 17 amino acids with contents ranging from 22.65% to 28.09%, and RAPD revealed 78 amplified DNA products with 95.08% polymorphism and sizes from 120 to 992 base pairs. Comet assay recorded the highest nuclear DNA damage at 5 days of ELF exposure, with 2.38% tailed DNA and a tail moment of 5.36.
