Ellingsrud S, Johnsson A · 1993
Researchers studied the up-and-down rhythmic movements of the lateral leaflets of Desmodium gyrans when exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the radio-frequency range. The RF radiation was applied as homogeneous 27.12 MHz fields in specially-designed exposure cells, and in some cases as non-homogeneous radiation of 27 MHz amplitude modulated by 50 Hz in front of commercial diathermy equipment. The radiation caused temporary changes in amplitude, period, and phase, and could also cause temporary or complete cessations of the rhythms.
A. E. Crawford · 1977
The study used four cultivars of small seeded legumes. Seeds were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven at 2450 mHz with a power setting of 690 W for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 seconds. White clover 'Kersey', 'Kent', and red clover 'Hungaropoly' showed increased germination and reduced hard seeds at 5–15 seconds, while lucerne 'Eynsford' had only a slight germination increase, and all species experienced a sharp germination decline at 20 seconds with near-complete mortality beyond 30 seconds.
J. D. CLEMENT-METRAL · 1975
Hans G. L. Coster, Ulrich Zimmermann · 1975
Researchers increased the membrane potential of Valonia utricularis cells rapidly by applying ~500 ws current pulses. Dielectric breakdown occurred when the membrane potential reached ~0.85 V, shown by a discontinuous increase in current. The breakdown was reversible and could be repeated after a resealing time of approximately 10 seconds. When pulses were repeated with less than 10 seconds between them, the cells deteriorated rapidly and breakdown could no longer be detected. The rapidity of the breakdown ruled out a punch-through mechanism, while heating was ruled out by a separate argument.
Barbara G. Pickard · 1974
Aaronson · 1974
Dr. Moss and Mr. Johnson worked for more than two years on the replication. Kendall Johnson made more than five hundred tries in September 1973.
J. C. Schwarzacher, L. J. Audus · 1973
Researchers exposed roots of Lepidium sativum, coleoptiles of Avena sativa, and sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus to an intense magnetic gradient while rotating them on a slow klinostat at 0-5 rpm. All three species showed a growth curvature away from the magnet gap, down the magnetic gradient toward lower flux density, after an initial lag period. The reciprocal of the reaction time was the best measure of response and correlated with magnetic field parameters: for Avena and Phycomyces with log dH/dx and log H·dH/dx, and for Lepidium with log H. Only Stage I sporangiophores of Phycomyces responded to the magnetic gradient, while later stages showed no consistent curvature.
Harte C · 1973
Stuart O. Nelson · 1973
Stuart O. Nelson · 1973
The study measured the dielectric constant and loss factor of bulk wheat samples at 1, 2.44, and 5.54 GHz. For hard red winter wheat, both properties increased almost linearly with moisture content from 6% to 21%. The dielectric constant decreased with frequency, more at higher moisture, while the loss factor showed little frequency dependence but tended to increase at high moisture.
Wendy Gordon · 1973
R. B. Stone et al. · 1973
Glow-discharge treatments at 60 Hz, 15 kHz, and 17.5 kHz for 3 minutes in an evacuated tube raised germination from below 10% to 60–90% in laboratory tests. RF treatments at 1.3–3.1 kV/cm also significantly increased germination, but generally not as much as glow-discharge. In a field test with saw-ginned seed, RF treatment raised emergence from 50% to 76%, while glow-discharge did not significantly increase emergence.
O. Sand · 1973
Kiepenheuer, K.O. · 1972
Harte, C · 1972
James A. Jolly, Robert L. Tate · 1971
A marked drop in germination at 192 x 10° Watt-seconds was interpreted as the kill level. Microwave field intensity appeared more important than exposure time for germination enhancement.
William C. Milbo · 1971
R. G. Bosisio, N. Barthakur, J. Spooner · 1970
R. G. Bosisio, N. Barthakur · 1969
Researchers measured a reflection coefficient of one per cent and a transmission coefficient of 85% for wax bean leaves at 915 MHz. In a cold chamber at —5°C, microwave radiation of intensity 15 mW/cm² at 2450 MHz raised the leaf temperature to 25°C. The protected plant maintained a leaf temperature of 25°C while the unprotected plant cooled to the ambient temperature of —5°C. After 4 hours the protected plant was still fresh and growing normally, whereas the unprotected plant was completely destroyed.
OM P. KAMRA, P. C. KESAVAN · 1969
Unknown authors · 1969
Researchers observed that the yield of two-week rice seedlings fluctuated significantly over 20 days and correlated negatively with solar chromospheric activity indices. In a controlled experiment, water uptake of germinating bean seeds showed a strong negative correlation with geomagnetic activity indices over nine days. Both experiments found that biological variability increased with higher solar activity indices. The authors concluded that solar activity slows growth and germination while increasing their variability.
Unknown authors · 1967
The technique was described as general, simple, and permitting fast and accurate measurement. For freshly picked samples with about 65% moisture content, the dielectric constant was measured approximately 29-7j. As samples dried out, the dielectric constant diminished to about 1.5 per g² at 8-10 GHz.
L. E. MURR · 1965
Solon A. Gordon et al. · 1962
The rotation may tentatively not cause significant changes in gross morphology of pre-differentiated tissues. Root and shoot growth appears to have no orientation to the spatial coordinates of the medium and container.
Ginsburg · 1953
