Mazor R et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 samples to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 800 MHz for 72 hours in a waveguide resonator at specific absorption rates of 2.9 and 4.1 W/kg. The study found increased levels of aneuploidy depending on the chromosome studied and the level of exposure, with chromosomal gains appearing to be the primary contributor. Temperature was tested over a range of 33.5–40°C for 72 hours and showed no statistically significant difference in aneuploidy levels compared to 37°C, suggesting the effect may not be due to heating.
Manti L et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to a UMTS signal at a frequency carrier of 1.95 GHz for 24 hours at 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg SAR. Cells were also given 4 Gy of X rays immediately before RF radiation or sham exposures, and chromosome aberrations were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. No significant variations due to the UMTS exposure were found in the fraction of aberrant cells, but the frequency of exchanges per cell showed a small but statistically significant increase of 0.11 exchange per cell compared to 0 W/kg SAR.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers conducted point transect sampling at 30 points over 40 visits in Valladolid, Spain, between October 2002 and May 2006, counting sparrows and measuring electric field strength. Mean bird density declined significantly over the study period (P = 0.0037). Bird density was significantly lower in areas with higher electric field strength. A logarithmic regression of bird density against field strength in 0.1 V/m increments yielded a strong negative correlation (R = -0.87, P = 0.0001). The authors concluded that electromagnetic pollution may be responsible for the sparrow decline in European cities, either alone or combined with other factors.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers examined the effects of long-term exposures to a near-zero magnetic environment on noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamsters. Both norepinephrine content and the density of NE-immunopositive neurons decreased significantly after the treatment. The effects could be progressive with time. These variations may substantially contribute to behavioral and mood disorders reported in other studies when animals are shielded from the geomagnetic field.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers crushed the sciatic nerves of rats and exposed them to electromagnetic fields at three different amplitudes plus a sham control. Whole-body exposure lasted four hours per day for five days using a solenoid coil that generated bipolar rectangular pulses at two pulses per second. Walking function was measured over 43 days by video recording the spread of toes one through five on the injured and uninjured hind limbs. No difference in toe-spread recovery appeared between any of the electromagnetic field treatments and the sham exposure.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers examined the acute effects of magnet field exposure on drinking. Exposure to a 14.1-T magnetic field for as little as 5 min significantly decreased the amount of a glucose and saccharin solution (G+S) consumed by water-deprived rats over 10 min. The reduced intake was largely but not entirely explained by an increased latency to initiate drinking. Even when intake was measured after controlling for latency, magnet-exposed rats still consumed less solution than sham-exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers used the sister chromatid exchange technique to test the clastogenic potential of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. SCE frequencies were scored in dividing lymphocytes from six healthy male donors across two experimental rounds for reproducibility. Lymphocyte cultures were exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal or square magnetic fields, continuous or pulsed, at 1 µT or 1 mT for 72 hours. A significant increase in SCEs per cell was observed in exposed groups compared to controls in both rounds. The highest SCE frequency in the first round was 10.03 for a square continuous field, and 10.39 for a square continuous field was the second highest in the second round.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed UVW human glioma cells to ELF-EMF at 1 mT (50 Hz) for 12 hours. This exposure alone produced 0.011 mutations per locus per cell, a 3.75-fold increase over unexposed controls. ELF-EMF also increased the mutagenic effect of 0.3 Gy and 3 Gy gamma-irradiation by 2.6-fold and 2.75-fold respectively. The lower radiation dose of 0.3 Gy induced more than 10 times more mutations per unit dose than 3 Gy, indicating hypermutability at low dose.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed Wistar rats to a 50 Hz, 1 mT magnetic field for either 4 hours (acute) or 4 hours per day for 45 days (long-term). Chromosomal aberration analysis showed no statistically significant differences between exposed and control groups. However, the long-term exposure group had a significantly higher micronucleus frequency than controls (p<0.01). Both acute and long-term exposure significantly reduced the mitotic index (p<0.001 and p<0.01) and the PCE/NCE ratio (p<0.001 and p<0.01).
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Rats exposed to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour daily over 30 days showed decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in liver and kidney. The same exposure increased malondialdehyde concentration in both liver and kidney. DNA oxidation measured as 8-oxodGuo increased in kidney but not in liver. Zinc supplementation at 40 mg/L restored the activities of GPx, CAT and SOD in liver but only catalase activity in kidney. Zinc also lowered malondialdehyde in liver but not kidney, and reduced DNA oxidation in kidney to control levels.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed THP1 cells to a static magnetic field of 250 mT for 1, 2, or 3 hours to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity, the labile zinc fraction, and DNA damage. Cell viability was slightly lower in the exposed groups compared to sham-exposed cells. Malondialdehyde concentration and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase did not change significantly in group 3 compared to sham. Comet assay showed no DNA damage in groups 1 and 2, but a low level of single-strand breaks appeared in group 3, while the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxodGuo remained unchanged. The labile zinc fraction decreased in all exposure groups.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed the U-251 MG human glial cell line to 60 GHz millimeter wave radiation for 1 to 33 hours at two power densities. They measured transcription factor activation, mRNA levels, and protein amounts for the chaperone genes clusterin and HSP70. No significant changes were found in gene transcription, mRNA, or protein levels for the tested exposure conditions.
Zeni O et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human whole blood samples from healthy donors to terahertz radiation for 20 min. They tested frequencies of 120 GHz at 0.4 mW g-1 SAR and 130 GHz at 0.24, 1.4, and 2 mW g-1 SAR. Chromosomal damage and cell cycle kinetics were assessed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus technique. Samples exposed to 130 GHz at SAR levels of 1.4 and 2 mW g-1 were also examined for primary DNA damage with the alkaline comet assay. The results indicate that terahertz exposure under these conditions did not induce genotoxicity or alter cell cycle kinetics in human blood cells.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed whole wild-type tomato plants to electromagnetic radiation and observed rapid accumulation of bZIP mRNA in the terminal leaf. When only the oldest leaf was irradiated, bZIP mRNA accumulated both locally and systemically in distant leaves, though systemic accumulation was delayed. In the ABA-deficient mutant Sitiens, bZIP accumulation was reduced in both local and distant leaves, while Pin2 mRNA accumulation was stronger locally but absent systemically. Similar responses occurred in a jasmonic acid mutant and in wild-type plants treated with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Calcium antagonists applied to the exposed leaf abolished both local and systemic bZIP transcript increases.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
A mathematical model of genome degradation is proposed that accounts for a variable mutation rate and the increasing number of cells in a developing human. The model explains cancer development properties such as synergism between mutagens and higher cancer probability early in life. Magnetic nanoparticles are shown to be an endogenous source of chronic magnetic exposure that raises local free-radical levels, and enhanced childhood leukemia is assumed to originate from these nanoparticles in hematopoietic stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers studied how microwave cooking time, power, and added water affect bioactive compounds in broccoli. All studied compounds decreased except mineral nutrients which remained stable under all cooking conditions. Vitamin C had the greatest losses from degradation and leaching, while phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were lost mainly through leaching into water.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers measured electric current perception thresholds in self-declared EHS persons recruited from a self-aid group, newspaper responders, and persons seeking investigations. Quantitative electrosensitivity differed among the three recruitment groups. The self-aid group members overlapped considerably with the general population sample. Pooled EHS persons differed significantly from the general population but with pronounced overlap with the normal range.
Unknown authors · 2007
The paper discusses the phenomenon, mechanism, power requirement, pressure amplitude, and auditory thresholds of microwave hearing. Microwave pulse hearing involves electromagnetic waves from hundreds of MHz to tens of GHz, unlike normal hearing which uses sound pressure waves. The microwave auditory effect does not come from direct interaction with auditory nerves but from a thermoelastic wave launched by pulse absorption in soft tissues. This thermoelastic wave travels by bone conduction to the inner ear and activates cochlear receptors like normal hearing. The paper emphasizes human exposures to wireless communication fields and MRI coils.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers tested 84 young healthy adults on two forced-choice tasks to detect a GSM mobile phone field at 902 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz. Participants completed 600 trials across three conditions per task with a monetary prize for 75% accuracy, but performance was no better than chance and no one won. Two participants scored 97% and 94% in one condition but failed to replicate the result in a retest one month later. Six participants who reported being able to perceive the field performed no better than others.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers analyzed 60 children with acute leukemia and 59 matched controls in a city in North-Western Iran. They assessed exposure to very high voltage power lines of 123, 230, and 400 kilovolts. Fourteen cases (23.5%) lived within 500 meters of such lines compared with two controls (3.3%), giving an odds ratio of 8.67. Fifteen cases (25%) experienced magnetic fields above 0.45 microtesla versus five controls (8.5%), with an odds ratio of 3.60.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers developed an anatomical voxel model of an 89 kg woman at 30 weeks pregnancy to study low frequency field exposure. They calculated intracorporal electric current density distributions from homogeneous 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields and compared them to ICNIRP basic restrictions. The basic restriction was met in the mother's central nervous system at reference level exposure. However, the basic restriction was considerably exceeded in the fetus. The authors suggest revision of reference levels might be necessary.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers investigated 196 homes from the UK Childhood Cancer Study, including 102 with estimated exposures above 0.2 microT and 21 above 0.4 microT. Surveys were conducted outside all 196 properties and indoor assessments were completed in 19 homes where consent was obtained. Low-voltage sources linked to net currents in circuits inside or around the home were the main contributors to elevated exposures.
