Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing all 6,486 studies
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The paper presents the design of a broadband microwave applicator covering 150 MHz to 1100 MHz for hyperthermia. Filling the horn with circulating formamide scaled the frequency band down to 150 MHz–1.1 GHz and provided surface cooling.
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Researchers investigated electromagnetic emissions from the human body across the frequency region 10^3 Hz - 2-10^9 Hz using tunable radiometers. They found that the body acts as a purely thermal radiator down to about 10^4 Hz, with radiation temperature equal to body temperature at all tested positions above that frequency. Below 10^4 Hz, emissions exceeded thermal levels and varied with electrode type, location, and muscle state, peaking with coaxial needle electrodes in contracted muscle.
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Researchers studied microwave-induced pressure waves in a simulated muscle tissue phantom using a radar transmitter at 5.62 GHz. The pressure waves propagated at approximately 1460 m/s in the phantom, slower than in saline, and a single pulse remained detectable after traveling more than 45 cm with reflection. Attenuation was higher and pressure levels appeared lower in the phantom compared to saline, and the authors suggested that focusing and resonance could occur under certain conditions.
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Colicin production was enhanced only at 5.8 mm (51.7 GHz) at 25°C and 37°C, doubling after 60 minutes at 37°C and 0.5 mW/cm². Plaques observed ranged from .2 to .8 mm in diameter, and small amounts of colicin were also produced in unirradiated colonies.
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The study uses a variant of the Method of Constant Stimuli to map the psychophysical function for 60 Hz electric field detection in rats. The exposure apparatus includes three horizontally mounted aluminum plates with a conditioning chamber centered on the middle plate. A high-voltage supply adjustable from 0 to 60 kV RMS and a PDP8/A minicomputer control the experiment.
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Researchers exposed E. coli C-600 with a tonA defect to 1.07 GHz capacitor-fed fields in Brain Heart Infusion medium. At 42°C the bacteria became susceptible to phage T5 infection, showing nearly complete lysis and virus production when phage was added immediately after exposure. Field exposure of bacteriophage T5 suspended in BHI resulted in 80% inactivation in 2 minutes at 37°C, while the phage is normally stable to temperatures in excess of 480°C. E. coli was more easily inactivated by RF fields than by temperature alone, as 90 minutes at 48°C produced only a minimal reduction in viability.
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Researchers investigated the accuracy of microwave methods for detecting early interstitial edema using isolated dog lungs to eliminate interference from chest wall and other extrapulmonary structures. Results showed an immediate and direct change in the phase of the microwave-transmitted signal as the isolated lung weight changed, strongly indicating accuracy for early pulmonary edema detection.
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Researchers created intrabony defects in rabbit mandibles and applied three levels of direct current for 14 days. Control mandibles showed minimal bone growth while all current-treated animals demonstrated bone growth. Cathodal stimulation was most effective for bone mass, whereas anodal stimulation showed some bone growth but also bone destruction away from defects. Tetracycline labeling confirmed active mineralization in new bone, and histology showed the electrically stimulated bone had a normal appearance. All three current levels were effective for stimulating mandibular alveolar bone.
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The paper examines the detailed spectroscopic properties of the Fröhlich model for in vivo biological systems in the millimeter-wave and far-infrared region. Three spectroscopic observables are analyzed: emissivity, Raman-intensity ratio, and attenuation function. The attenuation function is invariant with changes in the photon distribution function and provides no information about Bose condensation onset. The Raman-intensity ratio approaches unity in the high photon occupation limit and is insensitive to the non-linear parameter in that limit. A single emissivity term for the lowest-frequency mode shows behavior distinctly different from blackbody terms and continues to discriminate between equilibrium and non-equilibrium cases independently of frequency.
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Researchers exposed eight pregnant rats to 500 uW/cm² 2450 MHz microwaves for 20 hours a day during the first 19 days of gestation. Exposed litters had seven times more neonatal deaths than controls, and pups weighed less on day 7 and opened their eyes one day later. Prenatally exposed females showed accelerated growth between 40 and 60 days of age and maintained a 10% higher body weight into adulthood.
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Researchers exposed eight pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwaves at 500 μW/cm² for 20 hours daily during the first 19 days of gestation, which reduced the dams' percentage body weight gain compared to sham-exposed controls. During the first week of life, prenatally exposed offspring had a sevenfold higher mortality, lower body weights, and delayed eye opening compared to controls. Exposed female offspring showed accelerated growth after weaning, and as adults they exhibited more avoidance responses in a shuttlebox test and a disrupted colonic temperature rhythm.
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