EMF Research Studies

THE RADIOFREQUENCY FIELD DISTRIBUTION SURROUNDING COILS FOR INTRAUTERINE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: I. Geometrical Factors

Carin Rudolfsson et al. · 1972

Insect-Control Studies with Microwaves and Other Radiofrequency Energy

Stuart O. Nelson · 1972

Human Exposure to Nonionizing Radiant Energy—Potential Hazards and Safety Standards

S. M. Michaelson · 1972

The paper reviews the pathophysiology of exposure to ultraviolet, infrared, coherent electromagnetic radiation (laser), microwaves, and radio-frequency radiation and the protection guides established for these energies. It states that setting protection standards is a very complicated process because of numerous variables and difficulty obtaining valid data. The objectives of protection are to prevent acute effects and to limit the risks of late effects. Protection standards are the results of empirical approaches to various problems reflecting current qualitative and quantitative knowledge.

Nonionizing Electromagnetic Wave Effects in Biological Materials and Systems

Curtis C. Johnson, Arthur W. Guy · 1972

The paper summarizes related work in the literature and presents new results. High radiation intensities can produce burns, cataracts, and chemical changes. Biological effects have been reported at lower intensities, but it is not known if they are harmful. Most effects are not harmful under controlled conditions and can be used for therapeutic purposes and diagnostic measurements.

Radio Frequencies and Microwaves; Magnetic and Electrical Fields

Yu. I. Novitskiy et al. · 1971

RADIOFREQUENCY and MICROWAVE RADIATION LEVELS RESULTING FROM MAN-MADE SOURCES in the WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA

Stephen W. Smith, David G. Brown · 1971

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION, PART 1

Heering, van Osch · 1971

The report defines microwave radiation as electromagnetic radiation covering the range between conventional radio waves and far infrared. It explains that microwave absorption in tissues depends on water content and frequency, with fat allowing deeper penetration than muscle. The report classifies biological effects into thermal, specific thermal, and non-thermal categories and notes that harmful thermal effects usually occur at power densities exceeding 100 aW/on.

POSSIBLE CATARACTOGENIC EFFECTS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION

Daner R. Reider, David L. Epstein, John H. Kirk · 1971

Biological Function as Influenced by Low-Power Modulated RF Energy

Allan H. Frey · 1971

Morphological Changes in Adult Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Resulting from Radiofrequency or Heat Treatment of Larvae or Pupae

P. S. Rai, H. J. Ball, S. O. Nelson, L. E. Stetson · 1971

Interaction of Microwave and Radio Frequency Radiation with Biological Systems

Herman P. Schwan · 1971

IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN IMMUNIZED ANIMALS ON LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO SHF RADIO WAVES

I. S. Dronov, A. D. Kiritseva · 1971

Induced fields and heating within a cranial structure irradiated by an electromagnetic plane wave

Shapiro AR, Lutomirski RF, Yura HT · 1971

Researchers calculated induced fields and static heating patterns for a multilayered spherical model of a primate cranial structure irradiated by a plane wave at 3000 MHz. They demonstrated that the semi-infinite slab model is inappropriate for calculating microwave radiation dosage for the human head and that the infinite slab model can give large errors for the internal fields.

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE OF THE HUMAN BODY FOR HF (2-30 MHz) BAND (INITIAL RESULTS)

R. W. Carson, W. E. Innis · 1970

Researchers measured hand-to-hand RF impedance in 16 individuals across the 2 to 30 MHz range using a vector impedance meter with copper tube electrodes. The real part of impedance was approximately the same for all individuals at each frequency, decreasing from about 760 ohms at 2 MHz to about 133 ohms at 30 MHz. These experimental values agreed well with a prior theoretical study. The real part followed an approximately negative exponential pattern across the frequency range.

Radio hazards in the m.f./h.f. band

S. J. ROGERS, R. S. KING · 1970

No thermal change distinguishable from ambient conditions was observed at any frequency during phantom exposure. The experimental setup used a kW amplifier driven by an Airmec oscillator.

AVIONICS - SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR RF AND MICROWAVES

LT W.J. BRYANT, USN, AVCM W.R. DUFFY, AECS S.R. KLEIN · 1970

Occupational Aspects of Non-Ionizing Radiant Energy Exposure—Thresholds and Standards

Sol M. Michaelson · 1970

The author reviews the pathophysiology of exposure to ultraviolet, infrared, coherent electromagnetic radiation (laser), microwaves, and radio-frequency radiation, including critical organs and thresholds. The paper discusses the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, which prompted renewed interest in biological effects of electromagnetic radiation.

The Effects of Non-Thermal Radio Frequency Radiation on Human Lymphocytes in vitro

D. A. Holm, L. K. Schneider · 1970

Chromosome breakage in cultured Chinese hamster cells induced by radio-frequency treatment

George Mickey · 1970

RF RADIATION HAZARDS TO SPACE STATION PERSONNEL

R. A. Inman · 1970

The purpose of this document is to examine the possible levels of RF radiation to which personnel on the space station and similar spacecraft might be exposed. The memo noted that formation of cataracts in the eyes of both experimental animals and man has been demonstrated after exposure for a few minutes. The memo concluded that personnel working in the field of these antennas should be protected from overexposure to this radiation.

Protection from the effect of radio waves

Kulikovskaya YL · 1970

RF/MICROWAVE CRITERIA DOCUMENT - INTERIM DIRECTOR'S DRAFT VOLUME I: CHAP. I, II, III, IV

Anthony Robbins, M.D. · 1970

The document reviews scientific information on radiofrequency and microwave radiation and recommends a standard for controlling workplace hazards. The recommended limits apply to frequencies from 300 kHz to 300 GHz and are averaged over any 6-minute period during a workshift of up to 10 hours.

Biological Effects and Health Implications of Microwave Radiation

Stephen F. Cleary · 1969

The symposium was convened to provide an indication of the present state of the art in biological effects of microwave radiation. There is a great deal of uncertainty concerning the effects of low-intensity microwave and radio-frequency radiation on the mammalian central nervous system. The lack of measurement standards makes intercomparison of data from different investigators difficult or impossible. Federal responsibility for radiation control was established under the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968.

TUNED IN OR TURNED ON - RF RADIATION STUDY

Eugene W. Plischke, Warren F. Wolff · 1969

Lethality of Radio-Frequency Energy upon Microorganisms in Liquid, Buffered, and Alcoholic Food Systems

D. E. Carroll, Anthony Loh · 1969