Bouji M, Lecomte A, Hode Y, de Seze R, Villégier AS · 2012
Researchers assessed the effects of a single GSM exposure at 900 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg on young adult (6-week-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. The study measured brain IL-1β and IL-6, plasmatic corticosterone levels, and emotional memory. Results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, while plasmatic corticosterone levels increased in GSM-exposed young adults. Acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocyte activation, in contrast to previously published work.
Bodera P et al. · 2012
Researchers studied how high-frequency electromagnetic fields affect pain perception and the pain-relieving activity of tramadol in rats. Exposures at 1500 MHz and modulated 1800 MHz were applied, and paw withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus was measured before and after injections of either tramadol or a vehicle. EMF exposure alone produced no differences in pain perception compared with controls, but EMF at both frequencies transiently suppressed the analgesic effect of tramadol at 30 minutes after drug injection.
Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS · 2012
Researchers used a mouse model to examine whether in-utero radiofrequency exposure from cellular telephones affects adult behavior. Mice exposed in the womb were hyperactive and had impaired memory, as measured using the object recognition, light/dark box, and step-down assays. The exposed mice also had dose-responsive impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex.
Cogulu O. · 2012
Researchers exposed mouse brain cell cultures to radiofrequency waves to evaluate genotoxic effects. The cultures were exposed to 10.715 GHz signals at a specific absorption rate of 0.725 W/kg for 6 hours over 3 days at 25°C. The study measured changes in the micronucleus assay and in the expression of 11 proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. The micronuclei rate increased 11-fold and STAT3 expression decreased 7-fold in the exposed cell cultures.
Unknown authors · 2011
The experiments tested the effects of motion through a 14.1 T magnetic field on rats, and repeated traversal of the gradient with momentary exposure suppressed rearing and induced a significant conditioned taste aversion. Repeated insertion and removal from the magnet did not have a greater effect than a single 30-min exposure on either acute locomotor behavior or CTA acquisition. Prolonged exposure was required to induce locomotor circling. Locomotor circling appeared to be dependent on the speed of insertion and removal, but the suppression of rearing and the acquisition of CTA were independent of speed of insertion and removal. Rotation within the magnet did not modulate the behavioral effects of exposure.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers treated Eight patients with probable Alzheimer's disease using daily rTMS-COG sessions 5/week for 6 weeks, then maintenance sessions 2/week for 3 months. The primary cognitive measure ADAS-cog improved by approximately 4 points at both 6 weeks and 4.5 months, and the Clinical Global Impression of Change improved by 1.0 and 1.6 points respectively. Secondary measures MMSE, ADAS-ADL, and Hamilton Depression Scale improved but not significantly, while the Neuropsychiatric Inventory did not change and no side effects were recorded.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers examined the effects of 50-Hz magnetic fields at flux densities relevant to environmental exposures on action potential, after-hyperpolarization potential, and neuronal excitability in land snail neurons. Exposure at various flux densities produced marked changes in neuronal excitability, AP firing frequency, and AHP amplitude.
Juutilainen J et al · 2011
The review examined studies published after 1998 that compared modulated and unmodulated radiofrequency fields or different modulation types. Most studies reported no modulation-specific effects. A few exceptions indicated possible effects of amplitude-modulated fields on the human central nervous system. The authors concluded these findings warrant follow-up studies.
Nijs J et al · 2011
The review examined studies on central sensitization in chronic fatigue syndrome. Various studies showed generalized hyperalgesia in CFS for a variety of sensory stimuli, including electrical stimulation, mechanical pressure, heat and histamine. Various tissues are affected by generalized hyperalgesia: the skin, muscle tissue and the lungs. Generalized hyperalgesia in CFS is augmented following various types of stressors like exercise and noxious heat pain. Endogenous inhibition is not activated in response to exercise and activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls following noxious heat application to the skin is delayed.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a systematic review of 29 single or double-blind experiments exposing people with IEI-EMF to different EMF levels and measuring objective outcomes. Five studies reported significant effects including reduced heart rate and blood pressure, altered pupillary light reflex, reduced visual attention and perception, improved spatial memory, movement away from an EMF source during sleep, and altered EEG during sleep. Most of these effects were isolated findings that other studies failed to replicate. Sleep EEG changes were similar in both IEI-EMF participants and non-IEI-EMF controls.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria to 1 GHz radiofrequency at energy flow densities of 5 μW/cm(2) and 50 μW/cm(2). Both exposure levels caused a reduction in motor activity that appeared in a jump-wise manner after a certain exposure duration and did not increase with longer exposure. The safe exposure duration was 8-9 h and 10 min at 5 and 50 μW, respectively.
Unknown authors · 2011
The review noted that in 2004 very few studies on radiofrequency fields and children were available, and WHO later identified this as a high priority research area. It described a few cross-sectional studies on well-being, cognitive effects, and behavioral problems, plus some cohort studies mainly on maternal mobile phone use during pregnancy. The review highlighted methodological limitations including cross-sectional designs that cannot determine temporal sequence, potential reversed causality, recall errors in self-reported use, and lack of confounding control.
Valentini E, Ferrara M, Presaghi F, De Gennaro L, Curcio G. · 2011
Lindholm H et al. · 2011
Each exposure and sham period lasted 15 minutes and took place in a climatic chamber under controlled thermoneutral conditions. They measured ear canal temperature, skin temperature at multiple sites, local cerebral blood flow via near-infrared spectroscopy, and autonomic nervous system function via ECG and continuous blood pressure. During the short-term RF exposure, local cerebral blood flow did not change, ear canal temperature did not increase significantly, and autonomic nervous system function was not interfered with.
Lee HJ et al. · 2011
Six-week-old AKR/J mice were simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs for 45 minutes per day, five days per week, for 42 weeks. The whole-body average SAR was 2.0 W/kg for each signal, totaling 4.0 W/kg. No differences were found in final survival, lymphoma incidence, or splenomegaly incidence between sham- and RF-exposed mice. However, brain metastasis infiltration in lymphoma-bearing mice was significantly different in RF-exposed mice compared to sham-exposed mice, with no consistent correlation between sexes. Infiltration to liver, lung, and spleen did not differ between groups.
Kayabasoglu G et al. · 2011
Forty Wistar Albino rats, twenty newborn and twenty adult, were divided into exposed and control groups of ten each. The rats were exposed to the electromagnetic field for 6 hours per day for 30 consecutive days. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured before and after the 30 day exposure period and a signal-to-noise ratio was calculated for statistical analysis. No significant difference in distortion product otoacoustic emissions was found before and after exposure in either newborn or adult rats (p>0.05).
Frei P et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the risk of central nervous system tumours among Danish mobile phone subscribers. The cohort included 58 403 subscription holders with 3.8 million person years of follow-up from 1990-2007, during which 10 729 tumour cases occurred. The overall risk was close to unity for both men and women. For those with 13 or more years of subscription, incidence rate ratios were 1.03 in men and 0.91 in women. No dose-response relation was found by years of use or tumour location near the handset.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
The CEFALO study included children and adolescents aged 7–19 years diagnosed with brain tumors between 2004 and 2008 in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland. Researchers interviewed 352 case patients and 646 control subjects matched by age, sex, and geographical region. Regular mobile phone users did not have a statistically significant increase in brain tumor risk compared with nonusers. No increased risk was found for brain areas receiving the highest exposure, and no exposure–response relationship was observed.
Masuda H et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed rat brain membrane fractions and human 5-HT1B receptors in C6-glial cells to 50-Hz magnetic field at 1 mT. No significant difference was found in the affinity constant of serotonin for the 5-HT1B receptor between exposed and sham-exposed rat membranes. The same lack of affinity change was confirmed using a chemical agonist and in human 5-HT1B receptors in C6-glial cells. Forskolin-stimulated cAMP production inhibited by serotonin was also not modified by exposure in C6-glial cells.
Watilliaux A, Edeline JM, Lévêque P, Jay TM, Mallat M · 2011
Researchers exposed young rats on postnatal days 5, 15, or 35 to a GSM 1,800 MHz signal for 2 hours at 1.7–2.5 W/kg SAR and compared them to pseudo-exposed littermates. Western blotting measured heat shock proteins HSP60, HSC70, HSP90, serine racemase, glutamate transporters GLT1 and GLAST, and glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP in total and soluble extracts. The GSM signal had no significant effect on any of these proteins, and immunohistochemical staining for CD68 showed no differences in microglial morphology or distribution.
Sauter C et al. · 2011
Researchers tested 30 healthy young men exposed to GSM 900, WCDMA, and sham signals over nine study days. After correction for multiple testing, only time-of-day effects remained significant in two tests, resulting in faster reactions in the afternoon trials. Univariate comparisons revealed significant changes for GSM 900 only in the vigilance test. WCDMA exposure altered one parameter in vigilance and one in divided attention, while selective attention and the n-back task were not affected by either exposure.
Sakurai T et al. · 2011
The study used DNA microarray to examine gene expression in SVGp12 human glial cells after exposure to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave RF fields at SARs of 1, 5, and 10 W/kg for 1, 4, and 24 hours. Microarray analysis identified 23 assigned and 5 non-assigned gene spots as potentially altered. Follow-up RT-PCR analysis of Twenty-two genes showed no significant alterations in gene expression. The authors concluded that under their experimental conditions they found no evidence that RF field exposure affected gene expression in SVGp12 cells.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Olsen J · 2011
Researchers used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort to examine prenatal cell phone use and developmental milestone delays in offspring up to 18 months of age. At 6 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.1). At 18 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.0). The researchers observed no evidence of an association and dose-response associations were also null.
Yuan K et al. · 2011
Researchers examined brain structure in 18 adolescents with internet addiction disorder using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging. Voxel-based morphometry showed reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, orbitofrontal cortex, cerebellum, and left rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed increased fractional anisotropy in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule and decreased fractional anisotropy in the right parahippocampal gyrus white matter.
