Wartenberg M et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed UM-SCC-14-C oral mucosa cancer cells to direct current electrical fields with strengths between 2 and 16 V/m for 24 hours and measured effects on cell growth and death. Exposure dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation and was associated with cell cycle arrest. Electrical field treatment at 4 V/m for 24 hours increased apoptosis, and blocking free radicals abolished those apoptosis markers.
Koyama S, Sakurai T, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J · 2008
Researchers measured apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in human glioma A172 cells after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, genotoxic chemicals, or both. ELF magnetic fields alone produced no difference in AP sites compared with sham controls. The results suggest that the number of AP sites induced by MMS or H2O2 is enhanced by exposure to ELF magnetic fields at 5 millitesla (mT).
Hashish AH, El-Missiry MA, Abdelkader HI, Abou-Saleh RH · 2008
Guler G, Turkozer Z, Tomruk A, Seyhan N · 2008
Erdal N, Gürgül S, Tamer L, Ayaz L · 2008
Researchers exposed adult Wistar-Albino rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 1 mT, 4 hours per day) to study oxidative and nitrosative stress in liver tissue. 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were significantly increased in exposed female rats compared to female controls, but no significant difference was found between exposed and control male rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed no significant differences between control and exposed rats in either sex.
Canseven AG, Coskun S, Seyhan N · 2008
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1, 2, and 3 mT for 4 h/day and 8 h/day for 5 days, measuring malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, and myeloperoxidase activity in heart and liver tissues. MDA levels increased in the liver in some groups but decreased in both liver and heart in group VII. The researchers concluded that field intensity and exposure duration are among the conditions that influence free radical formation and antioxidant enzyme behavior.
Falone S et al. · 2008
Researchers continuously exposed female Sprague-Dawley rats to a sinusoidal 50 Hz, 0.1 mT magnetic field for 10 days. The study examined antioxidant protection systems and neurotrophic support in brain cortices, as a function of the age of the subjects. Exposure significantly affected antioxidant capability in both young and aged animals, but in opposite ways. The researchers suggested that exposure to these fields may act as a risk factor for oxidative stress-based nervous system pathologies associated with ageing.
Sokolovic D et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Wistar rats to microwave radiation from a mobile test phone for 20, 40, and 60 days to evaluate oxidative stress in brain tissue and whether melatonin could reduce it. Exposure led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde and carbonyl group concentrations in brain tissue, along with decreased catalase activity and increased xanthine oxidase activity. Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the rise in MDA content and xanthine oxidase activity after 40 days of exposure, but was unable to prevent the decrease in catalase activity or the increase in carbonyl group content.
Lee KS, Choi JS, Hong SY, Son TH, Yu K. · 2008
Researchers studied biological effects of mobile phone 835 MHz electromagnetic fields in Drosophila at SAR 1.6 W/kg and SAR 4.0 W/kg. At SAR 1.6 W/kg, more than 90% of flies remained viable even after the 30 h exposure, while at SAR 4.0 W/kg viability dropped from the 12 h exposure. Both exposure levels triggered a stress response, increased reactive oxygen species production, and activated ERK and JNK signaling, but not p38 kinase signaling. SAR 4.0 W/kg strongly activated JNK signaling, expression of apoptotic genes, and amplified the number of apoptotic cells in the fly brain.
Yao K, Wu W, Wang K, Ni S, Ye P, Yu Y, Ye J, Sun L. · 2008
Researchers exposed cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency field for 2 hours at specific absorption rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 W/kg, then measured intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. After exposure to 1.8 GHz RF for 2 h, HLECs exhibited significant intracellular ROS increase in the 2, 3, and 4 W/kg groups, and RF at 3 W/kg and 4 W/kg induced significant DNA damage consisting mainly of single strand breaks. When the radiofrequency field was superposed with 2 μT electromagnetic noise, the noise blocked the RF-induced ROS increase and DNA damage.
Wu W, Yao K, Wang KJ, Lu DQ, He JL, Xu LH, Sun WJ. · 2008
Researchers used the DCFH-DA method and comet assay to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in cultured human lens epithelial cells exposed to 4 W/kg 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation or 2 muT electromagnetic noise, or both, for 24 hours intermittently. 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation at 4 W/kg for 24 hours significantly increased intracellular ROS and DNA damage (P<0.05). When electromagnetic noise was added alongside the mobile phone radiation, ROS levels and DNA damage were not significantly elevated compared to sham exposure (P>0.05).
Unknown authors · 2007
Rats exposed to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour daily over 30 days showed decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in liver and kidney. The same exposure increased malondialdehyde concentration in both liver and kidney. DNA oxidation measured as 8-oxodGuo increased in kidney but not in liver. Zinc supplementation at 40 mg/L restored the activities of GPx, CAT and SOD in liver but only catalase activity in kidney. Zinc also lowered malondialdehyde in liver but not kidney, and reduced DNA oxidation in kidney to control levels.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed murine L929 fibroblasts, rat C6 glioblastoma cells, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and rat primary astrocytes to 872 MHz RF radiation. Cells were exposed for 2, 8, or 24 hours to continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at specific absorption rates of 1.5, 2.5, or 6.0 W/kg. ODC activity in rat primary astrocytes decreased significantly at 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg with both signal types. Secondary cell lines showed generally no change in ODC activity.
Hirose H et al. · 2007
Researchers performed an in vitro study of low-level RF fields from IMT-2000 base stations to test if modulated signals cause hsp27 phosphorylation and overexpression. No significant differences in phosphorylated hsp27 at serine 82 or in hsp gene expression were found between exposed and sham-exposed groups.
English NJ, Mooney DA. · 2007
Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. · 2007
Rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight each, including a control, a sham, a 900 MHz EMR exposure group, and an EMR plus vitamins E and C group, and the EMR groups received 30 minutes per day for 30 days. EMR exposure increased endometrial nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while combined vitamins E and C reversed these changes. The EMR group showed diffuse severe apoptosis in endometrial epithelial, glandular, and stromal cells and diffuse eosinophilic leucocyte and lymphocyte infiltration, which were significantly reduced by vitamins E and C.
Friedman J, Kraus S, Hauptman Y, Schiff Y, Seger R. · 2007
Elhag MA, Nabil GM, Attia AM. · 2007
Rats were divided into control, fractionated exposure (15 min/day for four days), and acute exposure groups. Plasma vitamin C decreased by 47% in fractionated group and 59.8% in acute group compared to controls. Vitamin E decreased by 33% and 65.8%, and vitamin A by 44.4% and 46.8% in fractionated and acute groups respectively. Reduced glutathione dropped by 19.8% and 35.3% in fractionated and acute groups. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased significantly, with acute group lower than fractionated group.
Calota V, Dragoiu S, Meghea A, Giurginca M. · 2007
The study evaluated the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields at different intensities on chemiluminescence intensity of human serum. Exposure for 1 and 2 h increased chemiluminescence emission, and adding prooxidants FeCl(2) and H(2)O(2) in different concentrations increased chemiluminescence intensity even more.
Zeni et al. · 2007
Researchers investigated whether 900 MHz RF radiation could induce reactive oxygen species in murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells, with or without co-exposure to MX, a potent environmental carcinogen produced during chlorination of drinking water. Both continuous-wave and GSM mobile phone signals were applied for 10 or 30 min at specific absorption rates of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. The study found no indication that RF-field exposure, alone or combined with MX, induced reactive oxygen species formation, while MX alone caused a statistically significant increase in reactive oxygen species for all the treatment durations investigated.
Tkalec M, Malarić K, Pevalek-Kozlina B. · 2007
Researchers exposed duckweed (Lemna minor) to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 400 and 900 MHz, at field strengths of 10, 23, 41, and 120 V m−1, for 2 hours, and also tested a longer 4-hour exposure and modulated fields. After exposure, the researchers measured lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, antioxidative enzyme activities and isoenzyme patterns, and HSP70 expression. At 900 MHz, almost all exposure treatments significantly increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, mostly decreased PPX activity, and did not affect CAT activity. No differences in isoenzyme patterns of antioxidative enzymes or HSP70 level were found between control and exposed plants at either frequency.
Balci M, Devrim E, Durak I · 2007
Researchers assigned forty female albino Wistar rats to one of four groups to study the effects of mobile phone radiation on oxidant/antioxidant balance in corneal and lens tissues. One group received mobile phone radiation for 4 weeks, a second group received radiation plus a daily oral dose of vitamin C (250 mg/kg), a third group received vitamin C alone, and a fourth group served as a control. In corneal tissue, MDA level and CAT activity significantly increased and SOD activity was significantly decreased in the mobile phone group compared with the control group. In lens tissue, only the MDA level significantly increased in the mobile phone group relative to the control group, while SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT did not differ significantly between groups.
Sirmatel O, Sert C, Sirmatel F, Selek S, Yokus B · 2007
Researchers investigated the effects of a 1.5 T static magnetic field, produced by an MRI apparatus, on oxidative stress markers in 33 male volunteers. Total antioxidant capacity showed a significant increase after exposure compared to before exposure (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress index and total oxidant status showed a significant decrease after exposure compared to before exposure (p < 0.01 for each). The researchers concluded that the 1.5 T static magnetic field produced a positive effect of decreasing oxidative stress in men following short-term exposure.
Sahebjamei H, Abdolmaleki P, Ghanati F · 2007
Researchers investigated the effects of static magnetic fields on antioxidant enzyme activities in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Cells were exposed to static magnetic fields at 10 and 30 mT for 5 days, 5 hours each day, and compared with control cells. Superoxide dismutase activity increased with exposure, while catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased, and lipid peroxidation levels also increased.
