Electric Fields

Some Technical Aspects of Microwave Radiation Hazards

Mumford, W.W. · 1961

Electromagnetic field exposure and health among RF plastic sealer operators.

Wilen J et al. · 2004

The study assessed electromagnetic field exposure among RF plastic sealer operators and examined their health status. Measurements showed mean electric field strength of 107 V/m and magnetic field strength of 0.24 A/m, with 11 of 46 sealers exceeding ICNIRP reference levels. RF operators, particularly ready-made clothing workers, had slightly disturbed two-point discrimination ability compared to controls. No significant difference in subjective symptom prevalence was found, but time-integrated exposure was linked to fatigue, headaches, and warmth sensations in the hands. RF operators also had significantly lower heart rate and more bradycardia episodes during 24-hour ECG monitoring.

RF Frequency Spectrum Chart

Unknown authors

Study of conditioned reflex in animals (white rats) under the effects of ultrashort and short waves

Lobanova EA, Goncharova AV · 1971

STUDY OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES IN ANIMALS (WHITE RATS) EXPOSED TO ULTRA-SHORT AND SHORT WAVES (RUSSIAN)

Ye. A. Lobanova, A.V. Goncharova · 1971

IN SITU EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY FIELDS OF DIVERSE DEVICES.

Van Den Bossche M, Verloock L, Aerts S, Joseph W, Martens L. · 2014

The authors investigated smart boards and touchscreens, energy-saving bulbs, fluorescent lamps, a portable hearing unit, and an electrosurgical unit. For most of these sources, the electric field was the dominating quantity. Magnetic field strengths up to 1.8 A/m near the electrosurgical unit and 10.5 A/m near the portable hearing unit were measured. Compliance distances for the general public ranged from 15.3 cm for touchscreens to 25 cm for fluorescent lamps.

BIOEFFECTS OF RF/MICROWAVE RADIATION

Bob Curtis · 1979

Ambulatory ECG monitoring in workers exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Bortkiewicz et al. · 1997

This study evaluated the circulatory system function of workers occupationally exposed to medium-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study included 71 workers at four AM broadcast stations operating at 0.738–1.503 MHz and 22 workers at radio link stations who had no history of regular electromagnetic-field exposure. ECG abnormalities were significantly more frequent in exposed workers than in non-exposed workers (75% versus 25%, p = 0.006), and a tendency for more rhythm disturbances was observed in AM broadcast station workers.

Possible electromagnetic interference with electronic medical equipment by radio waves coming from outside the hospital.

Hanada E, Kodama K, Takano K, Watanabe Y, Nose Y. · 2001

Researchers measured electric field intensity from radio waves entering an 11-floor hospital that was under construction. The highest level recorded was about 200 V/m at 2.79 GHz, coming from airport surveillance radar. The maximum intensity from cellular phone base stations was 1.78 V/m. The researchers concluded that each hospital in urban areas should measure its own electromagnetic environment to help prevent interference with electronic medical equipment.

Physical Agent: Radiofrequency

Unknown authors

Occupational exposures to radiofrequency radiation from RF dielectric heat sealers

Clinton Cox, William E. Murray, Jr., Edward P. Foley, Jr.

Exposure to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields affects morphology, DNA-related Raman spectra and mitochondrial functions in human lympho-monocytes.

Lasalvia M et al. · 2018

Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lympho-monocytes in a reverberation chamber to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields at 200 V/m for times ranging from 1 to 20 hours. Some exposed cells took on an enlarged and deformed shape, and Raman spectra of the nuclear compartment showed reductions in DNA backbone-linked vibrational modes. After 20 hours of exposure, resting oxygen consumption rate increased and was coupled to a significant increase of the FoF1-ATP synthase-related oxygen consumption. The researchers suggested that adaptive mechanisms, likely via redox signaling, may compensate for early impairments of the oxidative phosphorylation system caused by EMF exposure.

Effects of fetal microwave radiation exposure on offspring behavior in mice

Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang C. · 2015

Researchers investigated whether in utero exposure to 9.417-GHz microwave throughout gestation affected behavior in mouse offspring. Offspring showed less movement in the center of an open field and in an open arm of the elevated-plus maze, which the researchers interpreted as increased anxiety-related behavior. Offspring also showed reduced immobility in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, which was interpreted as decreased depression-related behavior. In the Morris water maze, male offspring showed decreased learning and memory while female offspring were not affected, suggesting gender-dependent effects.

IRLG Radio Frequency/Microwave Committee: Interim Statement on RF Sealers

William A. Herman, Zorach R. Glaser · 1979

CONSIDERATIONS AND CRITERIA FOR A RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY AND MICROWAVE FIELDS

Unknown authors · 1978

This 1978 NIOSH technical report established criteria and considerations for recommended standards protecting workers from radiofrequency and microwave field exposures. The document addressed occupational safety limits for RF/microwave radiation in workplace environments. This represents early government recognition that RF and microwave exposures required formal worker protection standards.

MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS--RF AND MICROWAVE

Unknown authors · 1978

Instruments should read average power density, mean squared electric field strength, mean squared magnetic field strength, or energy density. Calibration methods include free-space standard field, guided wave methods, and standard probe method.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS--RF AND MICROWAVE

Unknown authors · 1978

INFORMATION PROFILE - RADIOFREQUENCY AND MICROWAVE RADIATION

Science Information Services Department · 1978

Rats exposed to pulsed radiofrequency or microwave frequencies for up to three hours a day over 0.5 to 6.0 months showed chemical and cellular blood changes, reduced cardiac, hepatic, and neural metabolism, hepatic histologic changes, and severe testicular damage. Mice exposed to 9 GHz for a few minutes a day for 59 weeks developed monocytic leukosis and myeloid leukemia three times as often as controls. Human studies included a Russian report that cardiovascular patients chronically exposed to microwave radiation did not improve after changing jobs, a Finnish study correlating a radar site with increased fatal heart attacks, and a study of 140 radio and television operators with at least 10 years exposure showing elevated alpha-globulin and total serum protein.

Non-ionizing radiation--An introduction.

Non-ionizing · 1969

This 1969 review article provided an introduction to non-ionizing radiation, covering electromagnetic radiation types including radio frequency, microwave, and infrared. The paper addressed occupational exposure concerns and biological effects, establishing foundational knowledge about safety standards for non-ionizing radiation sources.

The impact of electromagnetic radiation of different parameters on platelet oxygen metabolism - in vitro studies.

Lewicka M et al. · 2015

Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: Evidence for a Novel Neurological Syndrome

McCarty DE et al. · 2011

INFORMAL REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS AND RF FIELD INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS MADE AT A COMMERCIAL FM/TV TOWER LOCATED IN EL PASO, TEXAS

Z. Glaser, R. Curtis · 1978

This 1978 technical report documented radiofrequency field intensity measurements at a commercial FM/TV broadcast tower in El Paso, Texas, focusing on occupational exposure levels for workers. The study represents early efforts to quantify RF exposure levels at broadcast facilities, which can emit extremely high power levels that may pose health risks to maintenance workers and nearby residents.

INFORMAL REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS AND RF FIELD INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS MADE AT A COMMERCIAL FM/TV TOWER LOCATED IN EL PASO, TEXAS

Z. Glaser, R. Curtis · 1978

Table 1 - Electric and Magnetic-Field-Strength Measurement Results

Unknown authors

ELABORATION OF A VASCULAR CONDITIONED REFLEX IN MAN TO A CHANGE IN THE TENSION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF HIGH FREQUENCY

G. F. Plakhanov, V. V. Vedyushkina

Seven healthy volunteers aged 20-23 years underwent more than 100 plethysmographic tests while exposed to a high frequency field from a DTP diathermy apparatus. The stimulus manipulations did not change the apparatus sound, and calculated temperature rises and induced currents from field changes were far below biological and ambient levels, leading the authors to conclude the field intensity change was the conditioned stimulus.