Home Network EMF Research

Levitt BB, Lai HC and Manville AM II. (2022) Low-level EMF effects on wildlife and plants: What research tells us about an ecosystem approach

Unknown authors · 2022

Effects of 3.5 GHz (5G) Radiofrequency Radiation on Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Irisin Levels in Diabetic and Healthy Brains

Bektas H, Algul S, Altindag F, Yegin K, Akdag Z, Dasdag S · 2022

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed fruit flies to simulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at intensities of 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m². Exposure increased early pupation and eclosion rates and shortened the mean development time. In larvae, heat shock protein and immune gene expression rose, oxidative stress enzymes increased, and microbial diversity fell while Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera increased.

Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative stress: Role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating male fertility through estrogen receptor alpha in Gallus gallus domesticus

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed two-week-old immature male chickens to non-thermal low-level 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for two hours per day over 30 days. Exposed chickens showed decreased testicular weight, volume, and gonado-somatic index, as well as a substantial reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter. Radiation exposure increased oxidative stress parameters, increased IL-1β immunoreactivity, decreased IL-10 immunoreactivity, and reduced ERα expression in testes.

Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative stress: Role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating male fertility through estrogen receptor alpha in Gallus gallus domesticus

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed young male chickens to WiFi-frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily over 30 days and found significant damage to their reproductive systems. The radiation caused testicular shrinkage, increased inflammation, and reduced hormone receptor activity linked to fertility. This study reveals concerning biological mechanisms by which common wireless frequencies may impact male reproductive health.

Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative stress: Role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating male fertility through estrogen receptor alpha in Gallus gallus domesticus

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed young male chickens to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The radiation caused testicular shrinkage, increased inflammation, and reduced hormone receptor activity linked to male fertility. This study provides biological evidence that common microwave frequencies may impair reproductive development.

Exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field modulates ROS in human HEK293 cells as a function of signal amplitude

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed human HEK293 cultured cells to a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency at amplitudes typical of household telecommunications. ROS concentrations increased significantly after 15 minutes of exposure and were localized to both nuclear and cytosolic compartments. qPCR analysis revealed altered gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT, and oxidative enzyme Nox-2. Multiple genes responsive to static magnetic fields were also regulated by RF, suggesting common response mechanisms. Many RF effects showed evidence of hormesis with biphasic dose-response curves and blind spots at certain amplitudes.

Exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field modulates ROS in human HEK293 cells as a function of signal amplitude

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed human cells to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) and found it triggered the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) within just 15 minutes. The study revealed that cellular damage doesn't increase linearly with signal strength - instead, certain amplitudes caused no measurable effects while others triggered significant responses. This suggests that even everyday wireless exposures can disrupt normal cellular function through oxidative stress.

Changes in the excitability of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2022

The study investigated changes in neuronal activity and synaptic transmission after a 60-minute exposure to 3.0 GHz RF-EMF at a low dose (SAR < 1 W/kg). RF-EMF exposure decreased the amplitude of action potentials, depolarized resting membrane potential, and increased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in cultured primary hippocampal neurons.

Transcriptomic and Long-Term Behavioral Deficits Associated with Developmental 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2022

Transcriptomic and Long-Term Behavioral Deficits Associated with Developmental 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed developing zebrafish to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (used in 5G networks) and found subtle but persistent behavioral abnormalities that lasted into adulthood. The study also revealed disrupted gene expression affecting metabolism pathways. This suggests 5G frequencies may impact developing nervous systems in ways that persist long-term.

Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis

Unknown authors · 2022

Rats were exposed to 900 MHz RFR at 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured histopathology, PCNA, Bcl-xL, cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK, p-p38, and TUNEL in testis tissue. No histopathological differences or PCNA changes were observed between sham and RFR groups in either period. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-xL showed period-dependent alterations, TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly only after acute exposure, and both p-p38 and p-JNK protein expressions increased significantly in both acute and chronic RFR groups.

WiFi Related Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote Transposable Element Dysregulation and Genomic Instability in Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Cappucci, U., Assunta Maria Casale, Mirena Proietti, Fiorenzo Marinelli, Livio Giuliani, Lucia Piacentini

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed fruit flies to 2.4 GHz WiFi radiation at non-thermal levels and found it caused DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, behavioral changes, and accelerated tumor growth. The study demonstrated that WiFi signals triggered genetic instability by disrupting normal chromosome structure and silencing mechanisms in both brain and reproductive tissues. These findings suggest WiFi radiation may have biological effects beyond heating that warrant further investigation in humans.

2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Field Influences the Response of the Circadian Oscillator in the Colorectal Cancer Cell Line DLD1 to miR-34a- Mediated Regulation

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed miR-34a-transfected DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24 hours and evaluated effects using real-time PCR, scratch assay, and MTS test. Administration of miR-34a decreased expression of per2, bmal1, sirtuin1, and survivin and inhibited proliferation and migration of DLD1 cells. RF-EMF exposure increased cry1 mRNA expression, weakened miR-34a's inhibition of per2, abolished its inhibition of survivin, and eliminated miR-34a's effects on proliferation and migration. The authors concluded that RF-EMF strongly influenced miR-34a-mediated regulation of the peripheral circadian oscillator in DLD1 cells.

Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed rats to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields for 2 hours under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the auditory cortex was 0.5 W/kg. Exposure reduced neuronal response strength to pure tones and natural vocalizations and increased acoustic thresholds at low and medium frequencies, while microglial coverage did not change. In healthy rats without neuroinflammation, the same exposure did not alter response strength or acoustic thresholds.

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022

The study created four groups (sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, and irradiated male and female) with one male and three females each. The irradiated groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation for 12 hours per day across four generations. The researchers examined fetal brain development, histopathological changes in female rats, and hippocampal MAPK protein levels in male rats. In exposed groups, hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization, and vascular structures were observed in the brains of fetal and adult female rats across all generations. In adult male rats, phosphorylated ERK, tau, JNK, and p38 were significantly increased in the brain across all generations.

Changes in rat spatial learning and memory as well as serum exosome proteins after simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves

Unknown authors · 2022

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022

Turkish researchers exposed rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2450 MHz) for 12 hours daily across four generations, starting before conception. They found brain hemorrhaging and irregular cell patterns in fetuses and adult females, plus elevated stress proteins linked to memory problems in males. The effects persisted and potentially worsened across generations.

Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice

Unknown authors · 2022

The study used 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice divided into Four groups of 6. The radiofrequency and adaptive response groups were exposed to a 900 MHz GSM signal at 0.339 W/kg for 4 h/day over 7 days. After the final exposure, bleomycin was injected intraperitoneally at 37.5 mg/kg and the mice were sacrificed 30 minutes later. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanisms were examined in blood, DNA-repair gene expression was measured in liver, and apoptosis was assessed in liver using the TUNEL method. The adaptive response group showed increased ROS and p53 and OGG-1 expression, decreased SOD, CAT and TAC levels, and reduced apoptosis.

Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers continuously exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMR for 24 hours per day and assessed liver oxidative stress at postnatal days 1, 9, and 21. Exposure significantly raised MDA levels at PND9 and PND21, lowered catalase activity at all ages, reduced catalase amount and mRNA at PND1 and PND9, and decreased GPx activity at PND21. CytoSOD levels increased at PND9 and 21 while mitoSOD levels decreased at PND21, and both GPx level and mitoSOD activity were elevated at all ages. SOD1 mRNA expression rose at PND1 but fell at PND9 and 21, whereas GPx1 expression was consistently reduced in the exposed group.

Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice

Unknown authors · 2022

Scientists exposed mice to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for 7 days, then administered a DNA-damaging drug called bleomycin. The RF-exposed mice showed increased DNA repair activity and reduced cell death compared to unexposed mice. This suggests low-level RF exposure may trigger protective cellular responses.

Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver

Salameh M et al. · 2022

Researchers exposed pregnant and newborn rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by many cell phones) 24 hours per day and found significant liver damage in the offspring. The radiation caused oxidative stress, reduced protective antioxidant enzymes, and altered gene expression in the developing liver. This suggests continuous RF exposure during pregnancy and early development may harm liver function in offspring.

Effect of the prenatal electromagnetic field exposure on cochlear nucleus neurons and oligodendrocytes in rats

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers randomly assigned pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a control group or a 900-MHz EMF exposure group, with the EMF group exposed daily until birth. Newborn rats were sacrificed by anesthesia on days 7, 10, 15, and 30. Structural damage in cochlear nuclear neurons and oligodendrocytes and increased caspase-3 activity were observed in the EMF groups compared to controls. However, no significant difference was found between groups in structural damage or caspase-3 activity across postnatal stages, and auditory brainstem response latencies did not differ. The authors concluded that prenatal 900-MHz EMF exposure has no harmful effects on ventral cochlear nucleus development.