Syed Taha SMA et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed male rats to 5G frequencies (3.5 GHz and 24 GHz) for 60 days and found significant damage to sperm quality and testicular function. Both frequencies reduced sperm motility and concentration, with 24 GHz causing more severe effects including immune system disruption. The damage worsened with longer daily exposure times.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900-MHz EMF for 2 hours daily during three gestational periods: GD 1–7, GD 8–14, and GD 15–21. Female offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 28 and hippocampal PARP-1 and Caspase-3 expression was evaluated. Pyramidal neurons in the CA region appeared normal after GD 1–7 exposure but were darkly stained and shrunken after GD 15–21 exposure. The GD 15–21 exposure group showed strong PARP-1 and Caspase-3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus cells with higher H-scores. The authors concluded that EMF at GD 15–21 triggered hippocampal neuron death by activating PARP-1 and Caspase-3.
Vijay S et al. · 2025
Histological examination revealed vacuolation in the testes and corpus epididymis of both exposed groups and multifocal atypical hyperplasia in the seminal vesicle. Seminiferous tubule diameter decreased gradually in both exposed groups with a substantial decrease in the 24-hour group, and the spermatogenesis index was significantly reduced in both exposed groups. Sperm concentration was significantly reduced in both exposed groups, sperm motility decreased significantly in the 4-hour group, and sperm viability increased substantially in the 24-hour group.
Lameth J et al. · 2025
This study examined the effects of repeated head exposures to 5G signals at 3.5 GHz on adult male mice. The researchers found that while the 5G exposures did not alter behavioral outcomes, they did produce modifications in gene expression within the cerebral cortex.
Özyılmaz C et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) throughout pregnancy, then examined their offspring's thyroid glands one year after birth. The study found significant thyroid damage including increased cell death, DNA breaks, tissue scarring, and abnormal cells in the exposed offspring. This suggests prenatal WiFi exposure may cause lasting thyroid problems that persist into adulthood.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed several human and rodent cell types to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 10 and 16 mT for 72 hours. All cell types showed an approximately 20% or greater increase in proliferation at 14 mT compared with sham exposure, with no further increase at 16 mT. The proliferation increase was accompanied by activation of the MEK-ERK pathway and NF-κB, but not Akt, and a slight increase in S phase population, while ROS and calcium levels remained unchanged.
Gülmez K, Demirkazık A, Taşkıran AŞ · 2025
Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were divided into sham, EMF, PTZ, and EMF+PTZ groups and exposed to alternating 50-Hz and 5-mT EMF for 165 min a day for 7 days while epileptic seizures were induced with PTZ. A statistically significant difference was observed in learning and short-term memory between the EMF+PTZ group and the PTZ group. Analgesia latency statistically significantly increased in the ELF-EMF and ELF-EMF+PTZ groups compared with both the control and epilepsy groups. TOS increased in the prefrontal cortex of the PTZ group versus sham, increased in the hippocampus of both PTZ and ELF-EMF+PTZ groups versus sham, and ELF-EMF decreased the hippocampal TOS increase in the PTZ group.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed various human and animal cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at industrial-strength levels (10-16 mT) for 72 hours. They found that 14 mT exposure increased cell multiplication by at least 20% across all cell types tested, including cancer cells, by activating specific cellular growth pathways. The effect occurred without changes in cellular stress markers or calcium levels.
Zywicka A, Dunisławska A, Fijalkowski K · 2025
K. xylinus cells were subjected to a rotating magnetic field at frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz for durations ranging from 12 to 72 h. Gene expression was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RMF exposure significantly enhanced BC production efficiency, with average wet and dry BC yields increasing by 28% and 18% and upregulated bcs gene expression showing statistically significant changes at both frequencies and all time points, the strongest effects at 5 Hz.
Eduardo PI, Leticia VD · 2025
Gülmez K, Demirkazık A, Taşkıran AŞ · 2025
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like those from power lines) for 7 days and found the EMF actually improved learning and memory in epileptic animals while reducing brain oxidative stress. The study suggests power line frequency EMF may have protective effects on brain function under certain conditions.
Kakikawa M, Kenmochi A, Yamada S · 2025
The magnetic field reduced the number of feeding aggregates by 40% in the IM222 mutant and by 25% in the DA609 mutant. The same magnetic field did not affect the mutants' movement speed or attraction to the odorant diacetyl over 90 minutes.
Zhaowen Z et al. · 2025
Researchers randomly assigned 7-8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to a sham group or a 4.9 GHz RFR group (16 mice per group) and assessed anxiety, depression, cognition, sperm quality, and fertility in their male offspring. Paternal RFR exposure induced anxiety-like behaviors and impaired sperm quality in the first-generation male offspring. No significant effects were observed on depression-like behaviors, cognitive performance, or fertility across F1-F2 generations.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
EMR exposure caused marked structural damage to seminiferous tubules, increased collagen deposition, expanded tubular and interstitial volumes, raised IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities while increasing MDA levels. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation prevented the structural damage, lowered inflammatory markers, restored AR, ZO-1, and ZO-2 expression, and reversed the oxidative stress parameters.
Li K et al. · 2025
Two high-resolution anatomical face models extracted from whole-body models were used at 10 GHz and 30 GHz. The results suggest that when appropriate averaging methods are applied, spatially averaged APD and temperature rise in realistic human face models are statistically correlated.
Iakovenko NS et al. · 2025
Researchers investigated the effects of alternating MF generated by PL on spontaneous magnetic alignment in 36 dogs. Behavior was recorded under north–south (NS) and east–west (EW) oriented PL and compared with control conditions lacking anthropogenic MF. Under control geomagnetically calm conditions, alignment was bimodal with a grand mean of 23°/203°. Under NS-oriented PL, alignment remained bimodal with a grand mean of 5°/185°. Under EW-oriented PL, alignment became trimodal with a grand mean of 103°/283°.
Laván D et al. · 2025
The researchers indirectly analyzed the relationship between oxidative-stress-responsive genes after Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz exposure and genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. They reported that prolonged exposure to this radiation could worsen the modification of key neurodegeneration genes such as GSK3B and APOE. The authors note that the link between wireless systems and Alzheimer’s disease remains inconclusive and requires further research.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers investigated the effects of 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field on emotional behaviors and spatial memory in adult male mice. They used open field test, tail suspension test, and Y maze to assess anxiety, depression-like behavior, and spatial memory. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory did not change after exposure, but depression-like behavior was induced. Neuron number decreased and pyroptosis increased in the amygdala but not the hippocampus.
Unknown authors · 2024
Previous research found increased wakefulness in mice after prolonged exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation with 100 Hz square-pulsed modulation at 1/8 duty cycle. The current study addresses whether modulation frequency, pulse edge sharpness, carrier frequency, and duty cycle matter for sleep and wakefulness alteration.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed male rats to 4G mobile phone radiation (2350 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 56 days and found significant reproductive damage including reduced sperm viability, abnormal sperm, lower testosterone, and tissue damage to reproductive organs, liver, and kidneys. The study also revealed increased oxidative stress and changes in blood parameters, suggesting chronic 4G exposure may harm multiple organ systems in males.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers evaluated the impact of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz RF EMF on mitochondrial stress in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes exposed for 24 hours at specific absorption rates of 0.25, 1, and 4 W/kg. They found a statistically significant reduction in mitochondrial ROS in fibroblasts at 1 W/kg, a slight but statistically significant enhancement of UV-B effects in keratinocytes at 0.25 and 1 W/kg, and no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential or apoptosis in any cell type or exposure condition.
Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S · 2024
Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, one sham control and one exposed to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Brain tissue from exposed rats showed vascular alterations and significant edema. The exposed group had 18.26% tail DNA compared to 4.06% in controls, indicating more cellular damage. Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells. Bax and bcl-2 gene expression changed significantly, while p53 did not.
Torres-Ruiz M et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to unmodulated 700 MHz and 3500 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 1 and 4 hours during the blastula period and assessed outcomes up to 120 hours post fertilization. The exposure did not affect mortality, hatching, or body length, but caused specific organ morphological changes and lasting behavioral alterations in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation. Effects were stronger at 700 MHz, particularly after 4 hours of exposure, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced.
