Riddervold IS et al. · 2008
Danish researchers tested whether 45-minute exposures to UMTS cell tower radiation (2140 MHz) affected cognitive performance and symptoms in 40 teenagers and 40 adults. They found no significant differences in cognitive test performance between real and sham exposures, though participants reported slightly more headaches during radiation exposure, which may have been due to baseline differences rather than the radiation itself.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers tested 54 women (11 with self-reported mobile phone sensitivity and 43 controls) in a controlled lab setting using 2.14 GHz W-CDMA base station signals at 10 V/m for 30 minutes. Neither group could detect when EMF was actually present, and both groups showed identical psychological, cognitive, and autonomic responses to real versus fake exposure. The study found no evidence that people claiming EMF sensitivity actually respond differently to electromagnetic fields from cell towers.
Lerchl A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed adult male Djungarian hamsters to RF-EMF at 383, 900, and 1800 MHz for 60 days at 80 mW/kg. Pineal and serum melatonin levels and organ weights were not affected in any experiment. Body weight increased transiently up to 4% at 383 MHz, increased up to 6% non-transiently at 900 MHz, and was unchanged at 1800 MHz.
Rao VS et al. · 2008
The study used neuronal cells differentiated from a mouse embryonic stem cell line and a frequency-tunable applicator to examine calcium dynamics in real time. Control cells showed about five spontaneous calcium spikes per cell in 60 minutes, while exposure to 800 MHz RF radiation at 0.5 W/kg increased spikes to 15.7 per cell. The increase depended on frequency but not on SAR between 0.5 and 5 W/kg, and involved N-type calcium channels and phospholipase C enzymes. Microfilament disruption prevented the calcium spikes.
Mazor R et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human blood cells to 800 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 72 hours at power levels close to current safety limits. They found significant increases in chromosome damage called aneuploidy, where cells gained or lost whole chromosomes. Importantly, this damage occurred even when temperature was carefully controlled, suggesting the radiation itself caused genetic harm through non-thermal mechanisms.
Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to 25 or 50 Hz electromagnetic fields for either 7 days or 25 days and then tested them in the Y-maze. Long-term exposure to 50 Hz fields reduced recognition of the novel arm. Neither short- nor long-term exposure to magnetic fields affected the locomotor activity of mice in the Y-maze.
Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y. · 2008
Chinese researchers exposed mice to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (the same type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for either 7 or 25 days, then tested their spatial memory using a maze. While short-term exposure had no effect, mice exposed to 50 Hz fields for 25 days showed impaired ability to recognize new areas in the maze. This suggests that chronic exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields may interfere with spatial memory and navigation abilities.
Devrim E et al. · 2008
EMR exposure increased MDA, XO, and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes compared with controls. In kidney tissue, EMR increased MDA and CAT activities but decreased XO and ADA activities. In heart tissue, EMR decreased MDA, ADA, and XO activities. Vitamin C seems to make partial protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
Kim JY et al. · 2008
The study investigated clastogenicity of 835-MHz RF-EMF using alkaline comet assay and chromosomal aberration test on mammalian cells. No direct cytogenetic effect was found in the chromosomal aberration test with RF-EMF alone. The comet assay showed nearly negative results for RF-EMF alone, with a small increase in tail moment. RF-EMF showed a potentiation effect in the comet assay when combined with model clastogens.
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
Lee KS, Choi JS, Hong SY, Son TH, Yu K. · 2008
Researchers studied biological effects of mobile phone 835 MHz electromagnetic fields in Drosophila at SAR 1.6 W/kg and SAR 4.0 W/kg. At SAR 1.6 W/kg, more than 90% of flies remained viable even after the 30 h exposure, while at SAR 4.0 W/kg viability dropped from the 12 h exposure. Both exposure levels triggered a stress response, increased reactive oxygen species production, and activated ERK and JNK signaling, but not p38 kinase signaling. SAR 4.0 W/kg strongly activated JNK signaling, expression of apoptotic genes, and amplified the number of apoptotic cells in the fly brain.
George I et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 60 Hz, 8 µT electromagnetic field for 30 minutes before inducing ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury to the heart. Significant upregulation of the HSP70 gene and increased hsp70 levels were measured in response to EMF pre-exposures. Systolic contractile function showed significant recovery after 30 minutes of reperfusion in EMF-exposed animals, and diastolic function was markedly improved as well.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells to ELF-EMF at 3 mT and 60 Hz and measured cellular collagen as a marker of differentiation. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased collagen content in the cells. Inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 suppressed the ELF-EMF-induced collagen increase, while inhibiting the PI3K pathway with LY294002 accelerated it. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reduced collagen in all conditions but did not block the ELF-EMF effect.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Fischer 344 rats to radiation from a GSM mobile test phone at 1,800 MHz for 6 hours and then analyzed gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Four rats were exposed in an anechoic chamber one at a time, and four control rats were kept in the same chamber for the same duration without exposure. Gene ontology analysis found highly significant changes in gene categories related to membrane functions in both brain regions.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1,800 MHz for 6 hours and found significant changes in brain gene activity. The genetic alterations affected genes controlling cell membranes and cellular communication in the cortex and hippocampus, the same brain regions where previous studies documented blood-brain barrier damage.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM signals on spatial memory in male rats. Rats were exposed for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W Kg(-1), or 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W Kg(-1), for either 8 or 24 weeks, and then tested in a radial-arm maze. Spatial memory was unaffected in the exposed rats, while scopolamine-treated positive control rats showed a deficit in the spatial memory task.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
French researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation (the same frequency used by GSM phones) for either 8 or 24 weeks, then tested their spatial memory using a maze. The rats showed no memory problems compared to unexposed rats, even at radiation levels up to four times higher than current safety limits. This suggests that chronic cell phone radiation exposure may not impair spatial learning and memory functions in the brain.
Valbonesi P et al. · 2008
Researchers used the human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo to evaluate HSP70 and HSC70 protein and gene expression and primary DNA damage after nonthermal exposure to pulse-modulated 1817 MHz GSM-217 Hz waves for one hour at a SAR of 2 W/kg. Heat shock significantly enhanced HSP70 expression but not HSC70 expression. Exposure to high-frequency EMFs did not change HSP70 or HSC70 protein or gene expression. Hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase in DNA strand breaks, but EMF exposure did not. Overall, no evidence was found that the exposure induced a HSP70-mediated stress response or primary DNA damage.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers measured 50 Hz magnetic fields in 31 apartment buildings with built-in transformer stations. In each building they selected three apartments: one above the transformer room, one on the same floor, and one on a higher floor. The mean magnetic field was 0.98 microT above transformers, 0.13 microT on the same floor, and 0.1 microT on higher floors. At a 0.2 microT threshold, 97% of apartments above transformers exceeded it versus 14% on the same floor and 13% on higher floors. At 0.4 microT, 81% of apartments above transformers exceeded it while none on other floors did.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on DNA damage response in murine L929 cells. Cells were exposed to magnetic fields at 100 or 300 microT combined with menadione or UVB radiation using various exposure schedules. Pre-exposure to 100 microT magnetic fields for 24 hours before menadione treatment decreased the proportion of sub G1 cells and increased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. Exposure to 300 microT magnetic fields also decreased the proportion of cells in G1 phase. Magnetic field exposure after menadione treatment did not alter the response, and no effects were seen from magnetic fields alone or combined with UVB radiation.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Mice were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz signal for 1 hour at a whole body SAR of 1.1 W/kg. Gene expression was measured in whole brain using microarrays with over 22,600 probe sets. Comparison of sham and exposed animals showed no significant difference in gene expression. With less stringent analysis, 75 genes appeared modulated but were not confirmed by real-time PCR.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to GSM cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for one hour and analyzed gene expression changes in brain tissue using advanced genetic screening techniques. They found no significant changes in brain gene expression patterns, even when using less strict analysis methods that initially suggested 75 genes might be affected. This study suggests that short-term exposure to cell phone-level radiation may not cause major genetic changes in brain tissue.
Millenbaugh NJ et al. · 2008
Rats were exposed to 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm(2), 42 degrees C heat, or sham, with skin collected at 6 and 24 h for gene expression and at 3-6 h or 24-48 h for histopathology. Microscopic examination showed neutrophil aggregation in vessels, stromal cell degeneration, and collagen breakdown in the dermis of exposed rats. Changes were detected in 56 genes at 6 h and 58 genes at 24 h in millimeter-wave-exposed rats. Affected genes included those for transcription regulation, protein folding, oxidative stress, immune response, and tissue matrix turnover at both times, with more extracellular matrix and chemokine genes altered at 24 h. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of Hspa1a, Timp1, S100a9, Ccl2, and Angptl4 at 24 h.
Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh E, Zhang BT, Seo JS, Park WY. · 2008
They assessed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and gene expression. RF exposure did not significantly change cell numbers, cell cycle distribution, or DNA damage levels. Genome-wide analysis found no genes changed more than two-fold, but ten genes changed 1.3- to 1.8-fold, including down-regulation of CXCR3 and IL1R2.
Unknown authors · 2008
