Whole Home EMF Research

Transcriptomic and Long-Term Behavioral Deficits Associated with Developmental 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2022

Transcriptomic and Long-Term Behavioral Deficits Associated with Developmental 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed developing zebrafish to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (used in 5G networks) and found subtle but persistent behavioral abnormalities that lasted into adulthood. The study also revealed disrupted gene expression affecting metabolism pathways. This suggests 5G frequencies may impact developing nervous systems in ways that persist long-term.

Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis

Unknown authors · 2022

Rats were exposed to 900 MHz RFR at 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured histopathology, PCNA, Bcl-xL, cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK, p-p38, and TUNEL in testis tissue. No histopathological differences or PCNA changes were observed between sham and RFR groups in either period. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-xL showed period-dependent alterations, TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly only after acute exposure, and both p-p38 and p-JNK protein expressions increased significantly in both acute and chronic RFR groups.

WiFi Related Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote Transposable Element Dysregulation and Genomic Instability in Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Cappucci, U., Assunta Maria Casale, Mirena Proietti, Fiorenzo Marinelli, Livio Giuliani, Lucia Piacentini

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed fruit flies to 2.4 GHz WiFi radiation at non-thermal levels and found it caused DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, behavioral changes, and accelerated tumor growth. The study demonstrated that WiFi signals triggered genetic instability by disrupting normal chromosome structure and silencing mechanisms in both brain and reproductive tissues. These findings suggest WiFi radiation may have biological effects beyond heating that warrant further investigation in humans.

2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Field Influences the Response of the Circadian Oscillator in the Colorectal Cancer Cell Line DLD1 to miR-34a- Mediated Regulation

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed miR-34a-transfected DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24 hours and evaluated effects using real-time PCR, scratch assay, and MTS test. Administration of miR-34a decreased expression of per2, bmal1, sirtuin1, and survivin and inhibited proliferation and migration of DLD1 cells. RF-EMF exposure increased cry1 mRNA expression, weakened miR-34a's inhibition of per2, abolished its inhibition of survivin, and eliminated miR-34a's effects on proliferation and migration. The authors concluded that RF-EMF strongly influenced miR-34a-mediated regulation of the peripheral circadian oscillator in DLD1 cells.

Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed rats to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields for 2 hours under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the auditory cortex was 0.5 W/kg. Exposure reduced neuronal response strength to pure tones and natural vocalizations and increased acoustic thresholds at low and medium frequencies, while microglial coverage did not change. In healthy rats without neuroinflammation, the same exposure did not alter response strength or acoustic thresholds.

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022

The study created four groups (sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, and irradiated male and female) with one male and three females each. The irradiated groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation for 12 hours per day across four generations. The researchers examined fetal brain development, histopathological changes in female rats, and hippocampal MAPK protein levels in male rats. In exposed groups, hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization, and vascular structures were observed in the brains of fetal and adult female rats across all generations. In adult male rats, phosphorylated ERK, tau, JNK, and p38 were significantly increased in the brain across all generations.

Changes in rat spatial learning and memory as well as serum exosome proteins after simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves

Unknown authors · 2022

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022

Turkish researchers exposed rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2450 MHz) for 12 hours daily across four generations, starting before conception. They found brain hemorrhaging and irregular cell patterns in fetuses and adult females, plus elevated stress proteins linked to memory problems in males. The effects persisted and potentially worsened across generations.

Protein expression changes during phagocytosis influenced by low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure

Piszczek P et al. · 2022

Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice

Unknown authors · 2022

The study used 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice divided into Four groups of 6. The radiofrequency and adaptive response groups were exposed to a 900 MHz GSM signal at 0.339 W/kg for 4 h/day over 7 days. After the final exposure, bleomycin was injected intraperitoneally at 37.5 mg/kg and the mice were sacrificed 30 minutes later. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanisms were examined in blood, DNA-repair gene expression was measured in liver, and apoptosis was assessed in liver using the TUNEL method. The adaptive response group showed increased ROS and p53 and OGG-1 expression, decreased SOD, CAT and TAC levels, and reduced apoptosis.

Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers continuously exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMR for 24 hours per day and assessed liver oxidative stress at postnatal days 1, 9, and 21. Exposure significantly raised MDA levels at PND9 and PND21, lowered catalase activity at all ages, reduced catalase amount and mRNA at PND1 and PND9, and decreased GPx activity at PND21. CytoSOD levels increased at PND9 and 21 while mitoSOD levels decreased at PND21, and both GPx level and mitoSOD activity were elevated at all ages. SOD1 mRNA expression rose at PND1 but fell at PND9 and 21, whereas GPx1 expression was consistently reduced in the exposed group.

Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice

Unknown authors · 2022

Scientists exposed mice to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for 7 days, then administered a DNA-damaging drug called bleomycin. The RF-exposed mice showed increased DNA repair activity and reduced cell death compared to unexposed mice. This suggests low-level RF exposure may trigger protective cellular responses.

Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver

Salameh M et al. · 2022

Researchers exposed pregnant and newborn rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by many cell phones) 24 hours per day and found significant liver damage in the offspring. The radiation caused oxidative stress, reduced protective antioxidant enzymes, and altered gene expression in the developing liver. This suggests continuous RF exposure during pregnancy and early development may harm liver function in offspring.

Effect of the prenatal electromagnetic field exposure on cochlear nucleus neurons and oligodendrocytes in rats

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers randomly assigned pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a control group or a 900-MHz EMF exposure group, with the EMF group exposed daily until birth. Newborn rats were sacrificed by anesthesia on days 7, 10, 15, and 30. Structural damage in cochlear nuclear neurons and oligodendrocytes and increased caspase-3 activity were observed in the EMF groups compared to controls. However, no significant difference was found between groups in structural damage or caspase-3 activity across postnatal stages, and auditory brainstem response latencies did not differ. The authors concluded that prenatal 900-MHz EMF exposure has no harmful effects on ventral cochlear nucleus development.

Zinc affects nuclear factor kappa b and DNA methyltransferase activity in C3H cancer fibroblast cells induced by a 2100 MHz electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2022

EMF exposure increased cell viability compared with control, while zinc co-treatment reduced viability relative to EMF alone. EMF also significantly raised NF-κB and DNMT activities, and zinc supplementation significantly lowered these activities compared with EMF alone.

EMF promote BMSCs differentiation and functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian rats

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed purified BMSCs to sinusoidal or square waveform electromagnetic fields at 400 µT and 75 Hz for either 1 hour per week or 7 hours per day, then injected them into the left substantia nigra of Parkinsonian rats. Cell morphology analysis showed that sinusoidal EMF exposure caused most BMSCs to differentiate into neurons, including large and small neurons with apparent synapses. Square EMF exposure produced mainly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, while both BMSCs alone and sinusoidal EMF-exposed BMSCs improved locomotor activity in the rats.

Short-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation and metabolic enzymes' activities during pregnancy and prenatal development

Unknown authors · 2022

Effects of prolonged exposure to ELF-EMF on HERVs expression in human melanoma cells

Unknown authors · 2022

The study aimed to examine the 96-hour effects of ELF-EMF on HERV-H, K, and W expression in human melanoma cells. SK-MEL-37 cells were continuously exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and intensities of 1.5 and 3 mT for 96 hours, and HERV expression was measured by qPCR after mRNA extraction. Exposure to ELF-EMF for 96 hours significantly downregulated HERV-H, K, and W env gene expression (P<0.001). The researchers suggested that low intensity and long-term exposure to ELF-EMF may pave using this type of radiation as a novel therapeutic approach by neutralizing the HERVs upregulated expression in melanoma cells.

The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers isolated spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells from neonate mouse testes. The stem cells were exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 2.5 mT for one hour daily over five days and then treated with exosomes from pre-pubertal Sertoli cells. Electromagnetic field exposure increased reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase expression, cell viability, and colonization, and increased apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression while decreasing GFRα1 expression. Sertoli-derived exosomes significantly improved these adverse effects by regulating oxidative stress.

The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers exposed mouse sperm stem cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like power lines) and found it caused oxidative damage and cell death. However, protective molecules called exosomes from neighboring Sertoli cells could reverse this damage. The study suggests EMF exposure harms male reproductive cells, but natural protective mechanisms exist.

Effects of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters and DNA Damage in the Liver of Rats

Unknown authors · 2021

Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups of six each. Two groups were exposed to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 7 months, while a third group served as sham control. After exposure, liver tissue was analyzed for DNA damage, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and total oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Both exposure frequencies significantly increased MDA, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and comet assay tail intensity, while decreasing total antioxidant status.

Effects of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters and DNA Damage in the Liver of Rats

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz frequencies for 2 hours daily over 7 months. Both frequencies caused significant liver damage, including DNA breaks and increased oxidative stress markers. The study demonstrates that even low-intensity microwave radiation can harm liver tissue through cellular damage mechanisms.

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

Unknown authors · 2021

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: moderate aerobic exercise, exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for 3 hours per day, combined exercise and exposure, or exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Hippocampal dead cell count was significantly higher in the radiation-only group compared to the exercise, combined, and control groups. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the radiation-only group than in the exercise, combined, and control groups. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the exercise, combined, and control groups compared to the radiation-only group.