Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900/1800 MHz) for 3 hours daily and found it caused brain cell death and oxidative damage in the hippocampus. However, rats that also performed moderate aerobic exercise showed protection against this radiation-induced brain damage, with significantly fewer dead brain cells and better antioxidant defenses.
Hardell & Carlberg · 2021
The paper discusses historical lessons from early warnings on cancer risks and lost prevention opportunities. It states that radiofrequency radiation has a cancer-causing effect and that decades of studies show increased human cancer risk. Based on three case-control studies of wireless phone use, the authors present a preventable fraction for brain tumors and note an increase in undefined brain tumors in Sweden, especially among ages 20–39, which they suggest may be linked to high wireless phone use among young people.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers screened 22 ELF-PEMFs and identified two fields, A and B, with similar fundamental frequencies but different pulse patterns that diversely affected macrophage function. Macrophages exposed to field A showed pro-inflammatory markers such as increased phospho-Stat1, CD86, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing markers including increased Arginase I, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Conditioned medium from field B-exposed macrophages enhanced stem cell migration more strongly than field A and stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression in stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz radiation at 45 V/m or 65 V/m for one week and compared them to a sham-exposed group. They tested memory using object location and Y-maze tasks. Rats exposed to 65 V/m performed worse on both memory tasks. The same rats had lower hippocampal levels of the cholinergic biomarkers AChE, ChAT, and VAChT.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz radiofrequency radiation at two different power levels for one week and tested their learning abilities. Rats exposed to the higher dose (65 V/m) showed impaired spatial memory and significantly reduced levels of key brain chemicals needed for learning and memory in the hippocampus. This suggests that even short-term exposure to this frequency can affect brain function in a dose-dependent manner.
Unknown authors · 2021
Thirty young men participated in a double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study with all-night 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure. Declarative memory improved overnight with Wi-Fi exposure, but emotional and procedural memory were unaffected. No sleep-specific physiological parameters changed with exposure, so the behavioral effect lacked physiological support and may be a random finding.
Khoshbakht S et al. · 2021
Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CONT (control), EM group (2100 MHZ), EM/SE group (2100 MHZ + selenium (0.2 mg/kg)), and SE group (selenium 0.2 mg/kg). EMF exposure significantly reduced serum LH, FSH, GnRH, testosterone, sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter, while increasing serum leptin, sperm abnormality, aromatase, apoptotic cells, and leptin receptor. Selenium co-administration increased sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, seminiferous diameters, and hormone levels, and decreased sperm abnormality, leptin receptor, and apoptotic cells compared with EMF alone.
Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields. Medium from the exposed cells reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in recipient non-exposed cells (P<0.05, comet assay). Direct exposure to the same RF conditions also reduced DNA damage (P<0.05) and increased extracellular hsp70 without changing intracellular hsp70.
Wen X et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. ROS levels increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Expression of HSP10, HSP60, and ClpP proteins increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours but reversed by 24 hours. When JNK2 was inhibited with siRNA, the RF exposure no longer increased these protein levels.
Xie W et al. · 2021
Chinese researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stem cells to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by many cell phones) for 4 hours daily over 5 days. The radiation triggered a cellular stress response in the mitochondria (the cell's powerhouses), causing them to produce stress proteins and reactive oxygen species, though cells appeared to recover within 24 hours.
Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S · 2021
Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups of six, and the EMF+Cur, EMF+GK, EMF+GA, and EMF groups were exposed to 900MHz EMF for one hour a day for 28 days. Stereological analysis showed a significant decrease in the total number of CA pyramidal neurons in the EMF group compared with control and sham groups. The EMF group also had significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities than controls.
Yavaş MC, Yegin K, Oruç S, Delen K, Sirav B · 2021
Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a sham-control group and a 2100 MHz exposed group. The exposed rats received GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. Serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels were higher in the exposed group with p values of 0,219 for total thiol, 0,416 for native thiol and 0,566 for disulphide. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were also higher in the exposed group. The researchers concluded that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
Delen K et al. · 2021
Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for one hour daily over 28 days and found significant damage to hippocampal brain neurons, including cell death and structural damage. Two natural compounds, curcumin and Garcinia kola, provided protective effects against this brain damage, while gum arabic showed no protection.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed T98 and A172 glioblastoma cells to 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic fields combined with temozolomide. The combination enhanced cell death and decreased migration potential in both cell lines. The treatment also increased p53 gene expression, decreased cyclin-D1 protein, and led to MGMT protein expression in T98 cells but not in A172 cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 2.8 mW/cm² for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were not exposed after birth and were examined at 75 days of age. Exposed adult rats showed irregular seminiferous tubules, degenerated germ cells, reduced tubule diameter and epithelial height, and increased interstitial space. Exposed rats also had more vacuoles, altered organelles, necrotizing cells, empty spaces between Sertoli and germ cells, and increased lipid droplets in Leydig cells. Fluoro Jade-C and superoxide dismutase 2 positivity were increased in exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2021
Twenty-one pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control, mobile radiation-exposed, and mobile radiation plus vitamin C at 200 mg/kg. The exposure groups received 900 MHz radiation at 2 watts and a power density of 0.045 μw /cm2 for eight hours per day over ten consecutive days. After five days of rest, blood levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Radiation exposure significantly increased MDA and 8-OHdG and decreased total antioxidant capacity, while vitamin C inhibited the increases in MDA and 8-OHdG.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed peripheral blood cells from five male donors to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field for up to 90 minutes. They measured expression of 667 microRNAs using a quantitative PCR array and compared the results to sham and hyperthermia controls. In the initial screening, two miRNAs — miR-194 at 30 minutes and miR-939 at 60 minutes — were down-regulated about two-fold and their p-values survived Bonferroni correction. A repeat experiment two years later found similar overall miRNA expression patterns but could not reproduce the previously identified differentially expressed miRNAs, and the authors concluded that the data do not support early miRNA changes or EMF-responsive individuals.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for 8 hours daily over 10 days and found significant increases in oxidative stress markers in their blood. The study showed that vitamin C supplementation could prevent this radiation-induced cellular damage, suggesting antioxidants may offer protection against EMF exposure during pregnancy.
Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021
The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
The study found that exposure to RFID signals at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg is sufficient to alter serotonin metabolism in rats. This effect occurred regardless of whether the exposure level was considered biohazardous.
