de Seze R, Ayoub J, Peray P, Miro L, Touitou Y · 1999
French researchers exposed 38 young men to cell phone radiation (GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 4 weeks to test whether it would disrupt melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep cycles. They found no changes in melatonin patterns during or after exposure. This suggests that typical cell phone use may not directly interfere with the body's natural sleep hormone production.
Adair ER, Cobb BL, Mylacraine KS, Kelleher SA, · 1999
Researchers exposed 14 volunteers to radio frequency radiation at 450 and 2450 MHz (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 45 minutes at power levels exceeding current safety guidelines. The exposure caused measurable increases in skin temperature, with the body responding through increased sweating and blood flow to maintain normal core body temperature within 0.1 degrees Celsius.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed 400 female rats to 50 Hz and 60 Hz magnetic fields for 13 weeks after chemically inducing breast cancer with DMBA. The magnetic fields at 1-5 gauss strength showed no effect on tumor development, size, or timing compared to unexposed controls.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed 100 female rats to power line frequency magnetic fields (50-60 Hz) for 26 weeks after chemically inducing breast cancer to test whether EMF promotes tumor growth. The magnetic field exposure actually decreased cancer rates compared to unexposed rats, contradicting the hypothesis that these frequencies promote breast cancer.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers studied 24 healthy young men sleeping in laboratory conditions with 60 Hz magnetic field exposure at power line frequencies. Intermittent exposure significantly disrupted sleep quality, reducing total sleep time and REM sleep while increasing lighter sleep stages. Participants also reported feeling less rested the next morning.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed hamster cells to 5 mT magnetic fields (60 Hz) for up to 6 weeks and found no direct genetic mutations. However, when cells were first exposed to X-rays, the magnetic field exposure significantly enhanced mutation rates, suggesting EMF may amplify existing DNA damage.
Lu ST, Mathur SP, Akyel Y, Lee JC · 1999
Researchers exposed rats to ultrawide-band electromagnetic pulses (a type of radar technology) for just 6 minutes and measured their blood pressure for up to 4 weeks afterward. The exposed rats developed persistent low blood pressure (hypotension) that lasted for weeks, while their heart rate remained normal. This suggests that brief exposure to these high-intensity electromagnetic pulses can cause lasting cardiovascular effects.
Unknown authors · 1999
Swedish researchers exposed human leukemia cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the frequency used in European power systems) and measured calcium activity inside the cells. They found that magnetic field exposure reduced calcium oscillations in a dose-dependent manner, with stronger fields causing greater disruption. This matters because calcium signaling controls many essential cellular functions including immune responses.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed human leukemia T-cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as electrical power lines) and measured calcium oscillations inside the cells. They found that magnetic field exposure reduced these calcium signals in a dose-dependent manner - the stronger the field, the greater the reduction. This matters because calcium signaling is crucial for immune cell function and communication.
Linz et al. · 1999
German researchers exposed isolated heart muscle cells from guinea pigs and rats to cell phone frequencies (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) to see if radio waves affected the cells' electrical activity. They found no significant changes to the heart cells' membrane potential, action potentials, or calcium and potassium currents even at exposure levels up to 880 mW/kg. The study suggests that cell phone radiation at these levels does not directly disrupt the basic electrical functions of heart muscle cells.
Gandhi OP, Lazzi G, Tinniswood A, Yu QS, · 1999
Researchers compared computer calculations with actual measurements to determine how much radiofrequency energy cell phones deposit in human tissue (called SAR). They tested phones operating at cellular frequencies and found SAR levels ranged dramatically from 0.13 to 5.41 watts per kilogram, with some older-technology phones exceeding current safety limits of 1.6 W/kg unless antennas were carefully designed and positioned away from the head.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed human breast cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at various strengths (0.1 to 10 Gauss) for up to 24 hours to test whether power line frequencies could trigger cancer-related gene changes. The study found no significant alterations in key cancer genes like c-myc, p53, and others, suggesting 60 Hz fields don't promote breast cancer through direct genetic mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed human breast cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) at various strengths for up to 24 hours to see if EMF exposure would alter cancer-related genes. The study found no significant changes in gene expression for key cancer markers like c-myc, p53, and others, suggesting 60 Hz magnetic fields don't promote breast cancer through genetic mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed human breast cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at various strengths (0.1 to 10 Gauss) for up to 24 hours to test whether power line frequencies could trigger cancer-related gene changes. The study found no significant effects on cancer-associated genes including c-myc, p53, and others, suggesting 60 Hz EMF is unlikely to promote breast cancer through direct gene expression changes.
Morrissey JJ et al. · 1999
Researchers exposed mice to 1.6-GHz radiofrequency signals (similar to satellite phone frequencies) for one hour to see if it affected brain activity. They found that brain changes only occurred at exposure levels 6-30 times higher than current safety limits for cell phones, and these changes appeared to be caused by tissue heating rather than direct effects from the radiation itself.
Trosic I, Matausicpisl M, Radalj Z, Prlic I, · 1999
Researchers exposed rats to microwave radiation at 2450 MHz for two hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed decreased white blood cells and increased red blood cells compared to controls, indicating the radiation affected their immune and blood systems.
Khadir R, Morgan JL, Murray JJ. · 1999
Scientists exposed human immune cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at levels 440 times higher than household exposure. The fields amplified inflammatory responses when cells encountered other triggers, increasing harmful free radical production by 26.5%. This suggests power line frequencies may make immune systems overreact.
E.G Novoselova, E.E Fesenko, V.R Makar, V.B Sadovnikov · 1999
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low-power microwave radiation (8.15-18 GHz) for 5 hours and found it actually stimulated their immune systems, increasing production of immune signaling molecules and enhancing T cell activity. The immune boost was further enhanced when mice were given antioxidant nutrients like vitamin E and beta-carotene. This suggests that very low-level microwave exposure might trigger beneficial immune responses rather than suppress immunity.
Jauchem JR, Frei MR, Ryan KL, Merritt JH, Murphy MR · 1999
Researchers exposed anesthetized rats to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (extremely brief, high-intensity bursts of electromagnetic energy) to see if it affected their heart rate and blood pressure. They found no significant changes in cardiovascular function during the brief exposures. This suggests that short-term exposure to these specific types of electromagnetic pulses may not immediately harm the cardiovascular system.
Unknown authors · 1999
The UK Childhood Cancer Study examined 2,226 children to determine if power line magnetic fields increase cancer risk. Researchers found no increased risk of childhood leukemia, brain tumors, or other cancers from magnetic field exposure. This large population study contradicts earlier research suggesting links between power line EMF and childhood cancer.
Unknown authors · 1999
German researchers exposed female rats to power line frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz, 100 microTesla) for 27 weeks while inducing breast cancer with a chemical carcinogen. The magnetic field exposure significantly increased mammary tumor development by 190% at 13 weeks and final tumor rates reached 64.7% in exposed rats versus 50.5% in controls.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed blood samples from healthy volunteers to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at various strengths (2-10 mT) and measured DNA damage using the comet assay. They found significant increases in DNA damage at nearly all exposure levels compared to unexposed samples, with women showing more damage than men.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed human leukemia cells to 60 Hz power-line frequency magnetic fields at various intensities to see if they would activate key cellular signaling pathways called NF-kappaB and AP-1. Despite testing multiple field strengths up to 1.3 mT, they found no changes in these important cellular communication systems that regulate gene expression and immune responses.
Unknown authors · 1999
Swedish researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) at 0.5 mT strength for different time periods. After 14 days of continuous exposure, brain cells showed significant DNA damage using a comet assay test. This suggests that prolonged exposure to power line frequency magnetic fields may be genotoxic to brain tissue.
Unknown authors · 1998
This 1998 review analyzed 29 studies examining whether electric and magnetic fields can damage DNA or cause genetic mutations. Despite finding 34 studies reporting positive genotoxic effects, the researchers concluded that none met basic scientific standards for independent reproducibility, consistency with known science, and complete data quality.
