Research on electromagnetic radiation from utility smart meters using RF communication.
Moisescu MG, Leveque P, Verjus MA, Kovacs E, Mir LM. · 2009
French researchers exposed mouse cells to 900 MHz cell phone radiation and found it accelerated endocytosis, the process cells use to absorb nutrients and other substances. This suggests cell phone signals can alter fundamental cellular functions at the molecular level, potentially affecting how cells process essential materials.
Acar GO, Yener HM, Savrun FK, Kalkan T, Bayrak I, Enver O. · 2009
Researchers exposed rabbits to cell phone radiation (1900 MHz) for 25 minutes and measured temperature changes and nerve function in facial tissues. They found that the radiation increased tissue temperature by 0.39°C and temporarily impaired facial nerve function, with both effects returning to normal 25 minutes after exposure ended.
Amoako JK, Fletcher JJ, Darko EO. · 2009
Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels around 50 cell phone towers in Ghana to assess public exposure. They found radiation levels that were 20 times higher than typically measured in similar studies elsewhere, though still within international safety guidelines. The study highlights significant variation in exposure levels around cell towers and raises concerns about increasing radiation as mobile phone usage grows.
Trosić I, Pavicić I. · 2009
Researchers exposed hamster cells to mobile phone radiation (935 MHz) at low power levels for 1-3 hours and tracked their growth over four days. They found that cells exposed for three hours showed reduced growth 72 hours later and immediate damage to their internal scaffolding structures called microtubules. This suggests that even brief exposures to cell phone-level radiation can disrupt normal cellular function and growth patterns.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Finnish researchers tested whether GSM mobile phone radiation affects the brain's ability to automatically detect changes in sounds, a key function for processing speech and music. They measured brain responses in 17 healthy adults while exposing them to 902 MHz radiation at levels typical of cell phone use (SAR up to 1.21 W/kg). The study found no changes in the brain's automatic sound processing abilities during EMF exposure.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers tested whether cell phone radiation affects the brain's ability to automatically detect changes in sounds by measuring brain waves in 17 healthy adults while a GSM phone was placed next to their ear. They found no differences in brain responses whether the phone was on or off, suggesting that acute exposure to cell phone radiation doesn't impair this basic auditory processing function. This study adds to research examining how electromagnetic fields might affect brain function during everyday phone use.
Finnie JW, Chidlow G, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Cai Z.. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily throughout pregnancy to see if it caused stress in developing fetal brains. They measured heat shock proteins, which are biological markers that cells produce when under stress. The study found no evidence that the radiation caused stress responses in the fetal brain tissue, suggesting no detectable harm at the exposure levels tested.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz for either one hour or two years to see if it would increase a brain protein called aquaporin-4, which rises when the blood-brain barrier becomes leaky. They found no increase in this protein after either short or long-term exposure, suggesting that cell phone radiation at this level doesn't make the blood-brain barrier more permeable.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J. · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for either one hour or repeatedly over two years to see if it would damage the blood-brain barrier - the protective shield that keeps toxins out of the brain. They looked for increased levels of aquaporin-4, a protein that indicates barrier damage. The study found no changes in this protein after either short-term or long-term exposure, suggesting the blood-brain barrier remained intact.
Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 15 minutes daily over a week, then measured their inner ear function using sensitive hearing tests. They found that non-pregnant rabbits showed significant decreases in cochlear function (the part of the ear that converts sound to nerve signals), while pregnant rabbits were largely protected from these effects. This suggests cell phone radiation can damage hearing mechanisms, but pregnancy hormones may offer some protection.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
Norwegian researchers exposed human immune cells (lymphocytes) to 2.3 GHz radiofrequency radiation - similar to what cell phones emit - for an entire cell cycle to see if it would damage DNA or chromosomes. They found no statistically significant genetic damage compared to unexposed cells, even when they added a known DNA-damaging chemical to make cells more vulnerable. This suggests that RF radiation at levels used by mobile devices may not directly break chromosomes in immune cells under these laboratory conditions.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed infant and adult female rabbits to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 15 minutes daily over 7 days and measured their hearing function using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), which test how well the inner ear responds to sound. Adult rabbits showed significant hearing damage across most frequencies tested, while infant rabbits actually showed some improved responses at certain frequencies. This suggests that developing ears may be more resilient to radiofrequency damage than mature ones, possibly due to higher water content in young ear structures.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Lu MX, Jin ZD, DU HB, Li JX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
Chinese researchers exposed mice to low-level 900 MHz microwave radiation (the same frequency used by cell phones) before subjecting them to high-dose gamma radiation that typically damages blood-forming cells. They found that the microwave pre-exposure actually protected the mice, improving their survival rates and helping maintain healthy blood cell production. This suggests that certain levels of microwave radiation might stimulate protective biological responses rather than cause harm.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed developing brain cells to cell phone radiation at levels similar to what phones emit (1 W/kg SAR at 900 MHz). They found that this radiation significantly reduced the growth of neurites - the branch-like extensions that neurons use to connect and communicate with each other. This suggests that cell phone radiation may interfere with normal brain cell development and connection formation.
Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. · 2009
Researchers exposed rat blood cells to 915-MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 30 minutes and found it caused DNA damage. However, when they pre-treated the cells with honeybee venom, the DNA damage was significantly reduced. This suggests that certain natural compounds might help protect our cells from radiofrequency radiation damage.
Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S · 2009
Researchers exposed female rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily over 28 days. They found significant loss of brain cells in the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for memory and learning, raising concerns about potential effects from regular phone use.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed 10 volunteers to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and measured their brain's electrical activity using EEG. They found that both active phones and phones with blocked radiation (but still powered on) reduced brain arousal and expectation responses compared to phones that were completely off. This suggests that cell phone exposure affects how the brain processes and anticipates information.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed developing brain cells to cell phone radiation at the same power level your phone uses during calls (1 W/kg SAR). The radiation significantly reduced the number of neural branches that normally grow as brain cells mature, suggesting cell phone signals may interfere with normal brain development. This finding raises concerns about wireless exposure during critical periods of brain development in children and adolescents.
Nittby H et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at various power levels for 2 hours, then examined their brains 7 days later. They found that the blood-brain barrier (the protective shield that normally keeps toxins out of the brain) became more permeable, allowing proteins to leak into brain tissue. This suggests that even a single exposure to cell phone radiation can compromise the brain's protective barrier for at least a week.
De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. · 2009
Researchers exposed human sperm to cell phone radiation at 1.8 GHz frequencies. Higher radiation levels reduced sperm movement and survival while increasing DNA damage and harmful molecules. The findings suggest that heavy mobile phone use could potentially affect male fertility and future children's health.
Kumar RS, Sareesh NN, Nayak S, Mailankot M. · 2009
Rats exposed to cell phone radiation (900-1,800 MHz) for four weeks showed increased anxiety-like behavior in maze tests, exploring open areas less than unexposed rats. This suggests mobile phone radiation may affect brain function and stress responses in ways relevant to human health.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to mobile phone signals (50 missed calls daily for 4 weeks) and then tested their ability to navigate a water maze to find a hidden platform. Phone-exposed rats took 3 times longer to find the target area and spent half as much time in the correct location compared to unexposed rats. This suggests mobile phone radiation may impair spatial memory and learning ability.
Mailankot M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation for one hour daily over 28 days. The radiation significantly reduced sperm movement ability and increased cellular damage in reproductive organs, while sperm count stayed normal. This suggests cell phone use may harm male fertility.
Adang D, Remacle C, Vorst AV. · 2009
Belgian researchers exposed rats to 970-MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 21 months and measured changes in blood cells and mortality. They found significant increases in white blood cells and changes in immune cell types, plus a striking finding: exposed rats had nearly twice the mortality rate of unexposed rats by the end of the study. This suggests that chronic low-level microwave exposure may compromise immune function and overall health over time.
Atay T et al. · 2009
Turkish researchers measured bone density in the hip area of 150 men who regularly carried cell phones for an average of 6.2 years and 14.7 hours daily. They found slightly lower bone density on the side where phones were carried compared to the unexposed side, though the difference wasn't statistically significant. The findings suggest that long-term phone carrying might affect bone health in ways that could matter for medical procedures requiring bone grafts.