Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Mild KH. · 2013
Researchers conducted a case-control study of brain tumour cases aged 18-75 diagnosed from 2007 to 2009, with one population-based control matched on gender and age per case. Among malignant brain tumour cases, 87% participated, and 85% of controls answered the questionnaire. Analogue mobile phone use had an odds ratio of 1.8, which increased to 3.3 with more than 25 years of latency. Digital 2G mobile phone use showed an odds ratio of 1.6, rising to 2.1 with latency over 15-20 years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 1.7, increasing to 2.1 with 15-20 years latency.
Hagström M, Auranen J, Ekman R. · 2013
de Vocht F, Hannam K, Buchan I. · 2013
Researchers used open-access databases to explore links between potential risk factors and brain and nervous system cancers at an ecological level across 165 countries. National age-adjusted cancer incidence rates from GLOBOCAN 2008 were combined with United Nations Development Report and World Bank data and analyzed using multivariate regression models. 2008 national incidences of brain and nervous system cancers were associated with continent, gross national income in 2008 and Human Development Index Score. The only exogenous risk factor consistently associated with higher incidence was mobile/cellular telecommunications subscription penetration. According to these ecological results the latency period is at least 11-12 years, but probably more than 20 years.
Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L. · 2013
The study included 709 meningioma cases diagnosed during 2007-2009 and 1,368 control subjects who answered a questionnaire. Mobile phone use overall gave an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4) and cordless phone use gave 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Risk increased significantly per 100 hours of cumulative use, with the highest odds ratio in the fourth quartile (>2,376 hours). No statistically significant increased risk was found for ipsilateral use, temporal lobe tumors, or per year of latency. Tumor volume was not related to latency or cumulative use.
Byun YH et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a longitudinal study of 2,422 children in 10 Korean cities to examine the association between mobile phone use and ADHD symptoms while considering lead exposure. They found that mobile phone use for voice calls was linked to higher ADHD symptom risk, but only among children with relatively high lead exposure. The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk, though reverse causality could not be excluded.
Benson VS et al. · 2013
Researchers examined the relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial CNS tumours and other cancers in 791,710 middle-aged women in the UK Million Women Study. During 7 years' follow-up, 51,680 incident invasive cancers and 1,261 incident intracranial CNS tumours occurred. Risk among ever versus never users was not increased for all intracranial CNS tumours (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90-1.14, P = 0.82) nor for cancer at 18 other specified sites. For long-term users compared with never users, there was no appreciable association for glioma (10+ years: RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55-1.10, P = 0.16) or meningioma (10+ years: RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.66-1.84, P = 0.71).
Behari J, Nirala JP. · 2013
A SAR measurement system was developed for a brain phantom in a Perspex box. The phantom box volume matched a small rat and was illuminated by a 3G mobile phone at 1718.5 MHz. A moving platform changed the phone's angular position at 2 degrees per minute up to 20 degrees while induced fields were measured. SAR values computed from induced fields were higher than those from induced field measurements alone and varied with angular position, but remained well below human safety criteria. SAR was also measured by temperature rise and compared with the induced-field results, and measurements were repeated in a 10 g phantom in a cubical box for safety criteria comparison.
Tasset I et al. · 2013
Researchers used a Huntington's disease-like rat model induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. Western blot analysis showed that 3-NP reduced Nrf2 in both cytoplasm and nucleus, while TMS increased Nrf2 levels in both compartments.
Podda MV et al. · 2013
Researchers injected mice with BrdU to label newborn cells and exposed them to ELFEFs 9 days later for 3.5 hours per day over 6 days. ELFEF exposure enhanced newborn neuron survival as shown by double staining for BrdU and doublecortin or NeuN labeling. The exposure was associated with enhanced spatial learning and memory. In hippocampal neural stem cell cultures, ELFEFs rescued differentiating neurons from apoptotic cell death. Western blot analysis revealed reduced pro-apoptotic Bax and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in exposed mice and cultures compared to sham controls.
Maestú C et al. · 2013
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed at Sagrado Corazón Hospital in Seville, Spain, enrolling female fibromyalgia patients aged 22 to 50 years. The stimulation group received 8 Hz pulsed magnetic fields of very low intensity, while the sham group underwent the same protocol without stimulation. The stimulation group showed statistically significant improvement in somatosensory pain thresholds, ability to perform daily activities, perceived chronic pain, and sleep quality compared with the control group. Pain thresholds improved after the first session, while the other measures improved after the sixth week. No significant differences were found for depression, fatigue, headache severity, or serotonin levels, and no adverse effects were reported.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed Long-Evans rats to 900 MHz EMF alone or combined with iron overload and tested them in spatial learning tasks including the Morris water maze, radial-arm maze, and object exploration. EMF-exposed rats were impaired in the object exploration task but not in the navigation or working memory tasks. Combined EMF and iron overload did not produce greater behavioral or neurochemical deficits than EMF alone, and neither treatment caused global oxidative stress.
Kim HJ, Jung J, Park JH, Kim JH, Ko KN, Kim CW. · 2013
Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. · 2013
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats to pulsed 2.45 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes. Exposure significantly decreased cellular viability and increased apoptotic nuclei, CDK5 activity, the p25 to p35 ratio, and tau phosphorylation at Ser404. CDK5 expression did not change significantly after exposure. A CDK5 inhibitor blocked the exposure-induced decrease in cellular viability and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not significantly block apoptosis.
Tombini M et al. · 2013
Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the effects of 45 minutes of GSM-EMF exposure on cortical excitability in ten patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy originating outside the primary motor area. The study employed a crossover, double-blind, counter-balanced design with three sessions one week apart. Exposure over the hemisphere contralateral to the epileptic focus significantly increased excitability in that hemisphere and slightly decreased it in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Real or sham exposure over the ipsilateral hemisphere did not affect brain excitability.
Sudan M, Kheifets L, Arah OA, Olsen J. · 2013
The Danish National Birth Cohort enrolled pregnant women from 1996 to 2002 and conducted detailed interviews at multiple time points up to age 7. Researchers used three statistical methods to examine cell phone use at age 7 in relation to hearing loss at age 7. Weak associations were observed, with odds ratios of 1.21, 1.23, and 1.22 from the three models. The authors cautioned that biases could affect the findings and that the results are not sufficient to conclude an effect of cell phone exposures on hearing.
Eser O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz microwaves for 1 hour per day over 2 months. The exposed rats showed severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm, and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the frontal cortex and brain stem compared with controls.
Redmayne M, Smith E, and Abramson MJ · 2013
More frequent cellphone and cordless phone calls were associated with higher odds of headaches, wired headsets with tinnitus, wireless headsets with headache, feeling down or depressed, and waking at night, and being woken by a cellphone at night was strongly linked to daytime tiredness. The study reported that 36% of tested associations were statistically significant, more than the 5% expected by chance, and several showed dose-dependent patterns.
Perentos N, Croft RJ, McKenzie RJ, Cosic I · 2013
Seventy-two healthy volunteers underwent eyes-open resting EEG recording during four 20-minute exposure intervals (sham, pulsed modulated RF, continuous RF, and pulsed low frequency) in a counterbalanced, double-blind crossover design. Compared to sham, a suppression of the global alpha band activity was observed under the pulsed modulated RF exposure, and this did not differ from the continuous RF exposure. No effect was seen in the extremely low frequency condition. The results support the view that alpha is altered by RF electromagnetic fields, but suggest that the pulsing nature of the fields is not essential for this effect to occur.
Mortazavi SM, Taeb S, Dehghan N · 2013
Researchers investigated health effects of occupational exposure to military radar by measuring visual reaction time and short-term memory in radar personnel and a control group. The mean reaction time in radar workers (N=100) was 238.58 milliseconds, compared with 291.86 milliseconds in the control group (N=57), a difference that was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Short-term memory scores, including forward and backward digit span and word recognition, were lower in radar workers than in the control group (P<0.0001 for each measure).
Mohammed HS, Fahmy HM, Radwah NM, Elsayed AA · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of chronic low-level non-thermal electromagnetic radiation on sleep EEG in rats. They used two types of radiation fields: 900 MHz unmodulated and 900 MHz modulated at 8 and 16 Hz, with exposure for one month at one hour per day. EEG power spectral analyses revealed that REM sleep was more susceptible to modulated radiofrequency radiation than slow wave sleep. The latency of REM sleep increased due to radiation exposure, indicating a change in the ultradian rhythm of normal sleep cycles. The authors concluded that exposure to electromagnetic radiation in awake animals can alter subsequent sleep structure and suggested cumulative irreversible effects.
Lustenberger C et al. · 2013
Sixteen male subjects completed two experimental nights, one with all-night pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure at 0.25–0.8 Hz. Sleep efficiency exceeded 90 percent in both conditions. Slow-wave activity increased during pulsed exposure compared to sham toward the end of the sleep period. Spindle activity did not change. Motor sequence task improvement was reduced by 20.1 percent during exposure versus sham.
Köktürk S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to electromagnetic fields during pre- and postnatal periods until postnatal day 80, with one group receiving daily oral Lycopersicon esculentum extract at approximately 2 g/kg. Compared to unexposed controls, EMF-exposed rats showed a significant increase in caspase-3-labeled Purkinje neurons and granule cells, and Purkinje neurons exhibited dark neuron degenerative changes. Rats given the extract alongside EMF exposure had significantly fewer caspase-3-labeled neurons and fewer dark Purkinje neurons than EMF-only rats. The authors concluded that Lycopersicon esculentum exerted a protective effect against EMF-induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the cerebellum.
Khullar S1, Sood A2, Sood S3 · 2013
Researchers recruited 60 subjects and divided them into three groups of 20 based on mobile phone usage duration. Group A served as controls, group B used phones for up to 30 minutes daily for 5 years, and group C used phones for up to 30 minutes daily for 10 years. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded and analyzed for wave latencies and interpeak latencies. No significant difference in ABR parameters was found between controls and the 5-year use group. Wave latencies were significantly prolonged in the 10-year use group compared to controls.
İkinci A et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy. The study used 3 pregnant rats per group and yielded 13 control and 10 EMF female pups for testing.
Gao X, Luo R, Ma B, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang J, Lian Z, Cui X · 2013
Radiation exposure decreased SOD and GSH-Px activity and increased MDA levels in both pregnant and fetal rats, and caused mitochondrial swelling, edema, and chromatin condensation in fetal brain tissue. Vitamin E supplementation reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner, with all three doses increasing SOD and GSH-Px in fetal rats, and middle and high doses decreasing MDA in fetal rats and high dose doing so in pregnant rats.
