Unknown authors · 2016
This case study of a Wisconsin dairy farm documents how to establish permanent monitoring of ground current and how to determine and remediate both on-farm and off-farm sources. On-farm sources included lighting, variable speed frequency drives on motors, and a radio frequency identification system, while off-farm sources were due to a poor primary neutral return on the utility side. The study found that a step-potential threshold of 1 V RMS at 60 Hz is inadequate to protect dairy cows, as decreases of a few mV peak-peak at higher frequencies increased milk production, reduced milking time, and improved cow comfort.
Terzi et al · 2016
The study tested whether glutamate release from cardiovascular afferents could be detected with biosensors and whether it changes in heart failure. Heart failure was induced by coronary artery ligation, and after 5–6 weeks a glutamate biosensor was placed in the nucleus tractus solitarii of anesthetized, ventilated rats. In sham-operated rats, cardiopulmonary and depressor reflex activation released 2.6 ± 0.8 μM and 1.1 ± 0.2 μM glutamate, respectively, with associated blood pressure and heart rate changes. In heart failure rats, glutamate release was significantly reduced to 0.5 ± 0.3 μM and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM, while cardiovascular responses and resting pressure and heart rate were unchanged.
Ekici B, Tanındı A, Ekici G, Diker E. · 2016
The study included one hundred forty-eight healthy individuals who had used mobile phones for over 10 years and underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. Participants were divided into four groups based on daily mobile phone use: no use, less than 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, and more than 60 minutes per day. The LF/HF ratio was higher and SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were lower in the mobile phone use groups compared to the control group, while heart rate, VLF, and total power did not differ significantly.
Stasinopoulou M et al. · 2016
Zhu W, Cui Y, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Lv S. · 2016
Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm(2) for 6 min. Microwave treatment increased malondialdehyde content while decreasing antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I-IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. The researchers suggested that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Male rats were divided into control, sham, and EMF-exposed groups, with the EMF group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day between postnatal days 21 and 59. Biochemical analysis showed increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced glutathione and catalase levels in the EMF-exposed group compared to controls. The percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells in the EMF-exposed group was higher than in either the sham or control groups, and electron microscopy revealed altered Z band structure, decreased myofilaments, and pronounced vacuolization.
Malek F, Rani KA, Rahim HA, Omar MH · 2015
The study aimed to determine whether short-term exposure at 1 V/m to typical GSM and UMTS signals affects cognitive performance and physiological parameters. The sample included 200 subjects, with 50.0% reporting idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) and 50.0% non-IEI-EMF. No statistically significant differences were found between real exposure and sham exposure for cognitive performance or physiological effects in either group (P’s > 0.05).
Saili L et al. · 2015
Researchers studied electrocardiogram and arterial pressure measurements in adult male rabbits during acute one-hour exposure to 2.45 GHz WIFI signals. Acute WIFI exposure increased heart frequency by 22% and arterial blood pressure by 14%. ECG analysis showed a combined increase in PR and QT intervals, while maximum amplitude and P waves were unchanged. Under WIFI exposure, dopamine and epinephrine injections had altered effects on heart variability and blood pressure compared to controls.
Huang D et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted combined in vivo and in vitro testing to investigate interference from GSM mobile phone EMFs with communication between cardiac rhythm management devices and programmers. In vivo testing showed interference in 33 of 65 subjects (50.8%), with loss of ventricle sensing, and only 4 subjects (0.6%) felt dizzy. In vitro testing showed reproducible interference in 18 of 20 CRMs (90%) at 700-950 MHz, with pacing pulse signal disappearing on the programmer while synchronous signal remained normal.
Olgar Y et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz EMF for 2 hours per day over 10 weeks and compared them with sham-exposed rats. They measured sarcomere shortening, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ currents in isolated ventricular myocytes. Exposure did not alter fractional shortening or Ca2+ transient amplitude, but reduced the isoproterenol-induced L-type Ca2+ current response while basal current density remained similar. Nitric oxide levels in heart tissue were significantly increased after EMF exposure.
Masuda H et al. · 2015
The cortex tissue targeted was locally exposed to 1439 MHz RF using a figure-8 loop antenna at an averaged specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg in the target area for 50 min. Three microcirculatory parameters related to cerebral inflammation were measured by the cranial window method in real-time under RF exposure. No extravasation of intravenously injected fluorescent dye was observed during RF exposure. There was no significant difference either in pial venule blood flow velocity or diameter between exposed and sham-exposed rats. Histological evaluation for the brain immediately after RF exposure did not reveal any serum albumin leakage sites or degenerate neurons.
Liu YQ, Gao YB, Dong J, Yao BW, Zhao L, Peng RY. · 2015
Researchers exposed Wistar rats to 0, 5, 10, and 50 mW/cm² microwave to observe dynamic pathological changes in the sinus nodes. At 10 and 50 mW/cm², acute changes from 1 to 28 days included disorganized sinoatrial node cells, cell swelling, cytoplasmic condensation, nuclear pyknosis, anachromasis, swollen and empty mitochondria, and blurred and focally dissolved myofibrils. Chronic changes from 6 to 12 months at the same intensities included reduced parenchymal cells, increased collagen fibers, and extracellular matrix remodeling of interstitial cells. The researchers concluded that 10 and 50 mW/cm² microwave could cause structural damages in the sinoatrial node and extracellular matrix remodeling in rats.
Ye W, Wang F, Zhang W, Fang N, Zhao W, Wang J. · 2015
Researchers examined the effects of mobile phone radiation on cardiovascular development in chicken embryos using a 900 MHz phone at a specific absorption rate of approximately 1.07 W/kg, applied intermittently for 3 hours per day during incubation. The rate of embryonic mortality and cardiac deformity increased significantly in the exposed group. Comet assay data showed the haemocyte mean tail in the exposed group was significantly larger than that of the control. The researchers suggest that long-term exposure may induce myocardium pathological changes, DNA damage, and increased mortality, but found little effect on vascular development.
Lewicka M et al. · 2015
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers investigated whether radiofrequency radiation from a GSM mobile phone could alter the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors. Forty-five female nondiabetic students aged 17 to 20 years old participated in the study. The magnitude of changes between glucose readings was 1.07 ± 0.88 mg/dl in the group tested without electromagnetic fields, compared with 7.53 ± 4.76 mg/dl in the group tested while a GSM phone was ringing (P < 0.001).
Meral I, Tekintangac Y, Demir H · 2014
Researchers used 30 healthy guinea pigs weighing 500-800 g, randomly assigning 10 to a control group and 20 to an EMF-exposed group after a one-week adaptation period. The exposed group received 890-915 MHz EMF with a 217 Hz pulse rate, 2 W maximum peak power, and 0.95 wt kg(-1) specific absorption rate for 12 h per day (11 h 45 min stand-by and 15 min speaking mode) over 30 days. ECGs were recorded at baseline and on days 10, 20, and 30 using leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF, with wave durations and amplitudes measured in lead II. The authors recommended further investigation with longer exposure durations to clarify cardiovascular effects.
Mattei E, Censi F, Triventi M, Calcagnini G · 2014
The study evaluated electromagnetic interference potential and immunity of ten implantable pacemakers from five manufacturers tested in vitro with Wi-Fi signals. The exposure setup reproduced the IEEE 802.11b/g protocol and amplified the Wi-Fi signal to power levels higher than allowed by international regulation. None of the tested pacemakers showed any performance degradation even when exposed to radiofrequency field levels five times higher than the regulatory limit. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi devices do not pose EMI risks to implantable pacemakers and that modern pacemaker immunity is much higher than the transmitting power of RF devices operating at 2.4 GHz.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA · 2014
Exposure raised triglycerides and testosterone significantly in all groups, with oil groups showing dose-dependent increases. Exposed rats had significantly lower SOD and CAT activities than controls, while sesame oil groups showed dose-dependent increases in these enzymes. Total cholesterol decreased significantly only in the 3 ml sesame oil group, which also showed significantly elevated GSH-Rx. HDL-c and LDL-c changed in opposite directions between exposed and sesame oil groups.
Cecil S et al. · 2014
The study investigated the functionality of several types of implants when exposed to TETRA transmitters. Researchers also examined how user exposure varied with different device carrying positions near the body and head. All exposure conditions tested produced levels well below recommended limits. Holding the transmitter in front of the mouth resulted in somewhat lower exposure than typical mobile phone like use.
Zhang X, Gao Y, Dong J, Wang S, Yao B, et al. · 2014
Researchers tested whether the compound Chinese medicine Kang Fu Ling could protect the heart from high power microwave injury. One hundred male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: no treatment, microwave radiation only, or radiation followed by Kang Fu Ling at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Microwave radiation lowered heart rate, caused a J point shift on ECG, and produced myocyte swelling, mitochondrial rupture, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day Kang Fu Ling for seven days increased heart rate, reduced the J point shift, restored normal myocyte and mitochondrial structure, increased mitochondrial fluorescence, and reversed the microwave-induced decrease in Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA. · 2014
Triglycerides and testosterone increased significantly in all exposed groups, with a dose-dependent rise in the sesame oil groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in exposed rats but increased with higher sesame oil doses. Total cholesterol decreased only in rats receiving 3 ml of sesame oil, and glutathione reductase rose significantly in that group. High-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changed in opposite directions between the exposed and sesame oil groups.
Burlaka A et al. · 2014
Li WH, Li YZ, Song DD, Wang XR, Liu M, Wu XD, Liu XH. · 2014
Researchers pretreated rat MMECs with CRT (25 pg/mL) for 12 hours then exposed them to 2.856 GHz radiation at 30 mW/cm2 for six minutes. Microwave radiation increased LDH leakage, apoptosis rate, and decreased cell viability in MMECs. Microwave radiation also induced ER stress characterized by increased GRP78 and CRT expression and upregulation of CHOP and Bax with downregulation of Bcl-2. Exogenous CRT pretreatment attenuated MR-induced apoptosis, LDH leakage, ER stress, and ER stress-related apoptotic signaling.
Choi SB, Kwon MK, Chung JW, Park JS, Chung K, Kim DW. · 2014
Two volunteer groups of 26 adults and 26 teenagers were simultaneously investigated by measuring physiological changes in heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability for autonomic nervous system (ANS), eight subjective symptoms, and perception of RF-EMFs during sham and real exposure sessions. Short-term WCDMA RF-EMFs generated no significant changes in ANS, subjective symptoms, or the percentages of those who believed they were being exposed in either group.
Türedi S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day on days 13 to 21 of pregnancy, then examined the hearts of male rat pups on postnatal day 21. The mean electrical field intensity inside the exposure box was 13.77 V/m. In the exposed group, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase values were significantly higher, while glutathione values were lower. Microscopy revealed irregularities in heart muscle fibers, apoptotic changes, mitochondrial swelling and crista loss, myofibril degeneration, and structural impairments in Z bands.
