EMF Research Studies

Transcriptome profiling of flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2023

Regulation of myogenesis and adipogenesis by the electromagnetic perceptive gene

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers investigated whether the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) could serve as a therapeutic method against obesity. They confirmed that EPG modulates Ca2+ levels in primary adipose cells and regulates genes such as CasR, PPARγ, GLU4, and GAPDH during adipogenesis. The study also found that EPG changed myocyte transcription factors including CasR, MyoG, MyoD, and Myomaker in C2C12 cells and satellite cells. In vivo experiments showed that EPG with magnetic field decreased total weight, fat, and fat accumulation and increased lean mass in mice, with effects depending on age.

Assessment of protein and DNA polymorphisms in corn (Zea mays) under the effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

The study aimed to estimate genetic alterations in proteins, isozymes, and DNA banding patterns and the extent of nuclear DNA damage in corn under electromagnetic radiation stress using SDS-PAGE, isozyme assays, RAPD-PCR, and Comet assay. SDS-PAGE analysis showed distinct polymorphisms of 96.66% between exposed and non-exposed seedlings, with band molecular weights ranging from 60.27 to 192.35 kDa and gain or loss of bands. RAPD-PCR generated 85 amplified products with polymorphism values from 90.91% to 100% and DNA fragment sizes from 153 to 1008 bp, while Comet assay recorded a tailed ratio of 20% in exposed nuclei after 5 days versus 3% in controls.

Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profiles of LINE-1, Alu and Ribosomal DNA Repeats in Human Cell Lines Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers analysed DNA methylation profiles of cervical cancer and neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to 900 MHz GSM-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Radiofrequency exposure did not affect the DNA methylation of Alu elements in any of the cell lines analysed. It influenced DNA methylation of LINE-1 and ribosomal repeats in terms of average profiles and organisation of methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, in different ways in each of the three cell lines studied.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation Using Buccal Micronucleus Assay

Unknown authors · 2023

Fifty mobile phone users aged 20–38 provided buccal cell samples from both cheeks, yielding 100 samples. Each sample of 1000 cells was stained with Feulgen and Papanicolaou methods and scored for micronuclei. Mean micronucleus counts were similar between exposed and non-exposed mucosa for both staining methods, and the differences were not statistically significant. Micronucleus frequency was 5- to 6-fold higher with non-specific DNA staining than with DNA-specific staining. No significant associations were found between micronucleus frequency and age, gender, BMI, or phone usage habits.

Analysis of global DNA methylation changes in human keratinocytes immediately following exposure to a 900 MHz radiofrequency field

Unknown authors · 2023

Human keratinocytes were exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 1 hour at a low dose rate (SAR < 10 mW/kg) using a custom system that maintained 37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed directly following exposure to examine immediate changes in DNA methylation patterns and identify early differentially methylated genes. Correlating gene expression with methylation data identified six common targets that were both differentially methylated and differentially expressed, suggesting a potential epigenetic role in the cellular response and that these targets may serve as biomarkers for immediate RF-EMF response.

Indirect effects of interference of two emerging environmental contaminants on cell health: Radiofrequency radiation and gold nanoparticles

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed Chinese hamster ovary cells to a non-toxic dose of 15-nm gold nanoparticles for 48 hours and then to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency radiation for 24 hours. The conditioned medium from these cells was transferred to new bystander cells, and cell death, DNA breaks, oxidative stress, and COX-2 expression were measured. RFR increased metabolic death in GNP-treated cells, while colony formation was reduced in bystander cells and RFR-exposed cells regardless of GNP presence. ROS levels were significantly lower in GNP-treated cells, but RFR-induced DNA breaks and micronuclei frequencies were not significantly affected by GNP.

Reliable reference genes for gene expression analyses under the hypomagnetic field in a migratory insect

Unknown authors · 2022

Do 50/60 Hz magnetic fields influence oxidative or DNA damage responses in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells? Int J Radiat Biol 98(10):1581-1591, 2022

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers investigated the effects of 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields on ROS production, DNA damage, DNA repair, and gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cells were exposed to 100 µTRMS magnetic fields for 24 hours, then assayed or treated with menadione before assay. There was suggestive evidence of a low-magnitude increase in ROS-related gene expression immediately after exposure, and 50 Hz fields reduced menadione-induced ROS levels. Magnetic field exposures did not affect cytosolic superoxide levels, DNA damage, or DNA repair rates. No firm evidence was found for differential effects between 50 and 60 Hz fields.

Biological effects of ultrashort electric pulses in a Neuroblastoma cell line: the energy density role

Unknown authors · 2022

The results show that extremely low levels of electric stimulation can cause transcriptional changes. The findings reveal the safety of electroporating pulses used in biomedical applications. The results open up the possibility of further therapeutic applications of this technology.

Millimeter waves alter DNA secondary structures and modulate the transcriptome in human fibroblasts

Unknown authors · 2022

The researchers exposed primary human dermal fibroblasts to millimeter waves. The exposure used repeated 60 GHz waves at 2.6 mW cm-2 and 46.8 J cm-2 d-1. After 2 and 4 days, the exposure induced a unique physiological response. High-dose millimeter waves caused non-thermal alterations to the transcriptome and DNA structural dynamics, including G-quadruplex and i-motif formation, but not DNA damage.

Simultaneous effect of gamma and Wi-Fi radiation on gamma-H2Ax expression in peripheral blood of rat: A radio-protection note

Unknown authors · 2022

Fifty male Wistar rats were exposed for 2, 24, and 72 hours to Wi-Fi only, technetium-99m only, or both simultaneously. Wi-Fi power density was 4.2 nW/cm² at 15 cm, and 100 μCi of technetium-99m was injected intraperitoneally. Gamma-H2AX foci per nucleus were counted by flow cytometry, and a significant difference among groups appeared at 72 hours.

Zinc affects nuclear factor kappa b and DNA methyltransferase activity in C3H cancer fibroblast cells induced by a 2100 MHz electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2022

EMF exposure increased cell viability compared with control, while zinc co-treatment reduced viability relative to EMF alone. EMF also significantly raised NF-κB and DNMT activities, and zinc supplementation significantly lowered these activities compared with EMF alone.

A cross-sectional and histological analysis to understand the cytological effects of cell phone radiation on buccal mucosa of children

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers evaluated cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on buccal mucosa of 90 children divided into three groups by daily usage hours. Buccal swabs were collected using an ice-cream stick method and analyzed histologically and microscopically with one-way ANOVA. Group 3 with more than six hours daily usage showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations, a significant finding. A direct proportionality was observed between apoptotic changes, chromosomal aberrations, and daily hour usage.

Effect of RFEMR on NSE and MDA levels in Sprague Dawley rats

Pagadala, P; Shankar, V and Sumathi, ME · 2022

Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks and weighing 180-220 grams were housed in a 12:12 hour light-dark cycle with ad libitum food and water. The study found a significant increase in NSE and MDA levels in rats exposed to RFEMR. The researchers concluded that mobile RFEMR causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage in SD rats.

Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice

Unknown authors · 2022

The study used 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice divided into Four groups of 6. The radiofrequency and adaptive response groups were exposed to a 900 MHz GSM signal at 0.339 W/kg for 4 h/day over 7 days. After the final exposure, bleomycin was injected intraperitoneally at 37.5 mg/kg and the mice were sacrificed 30 minutes later. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanisms were examined in blood, DNA-repair gene expression was measured in liver, and apoptosis was assessed in liver using the TUNEL method. The adaptive response group showed increased ROS and p53 and OGG-1 expression, decreased SOD, CAT and TAC levels, and reduced apoptosis.

WiFi Related Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote Transposable Element Dysregulation and Genomic Instability in Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Lai H (2021) Genetic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2021

(2021) Human‑made electromagnetic fields: Ion forced‑oscillation and voltage‑gated ion channel dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA damage (Review)

Panagopoulos et al · 2021

The duration of exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields: Influence on circadian genes and DNA damage responses in murine hematopoietic FDC-P1 cells

Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021

The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.

Evidence of bystander effect induced by radiofrequency radiation in a human neuroblastoma cell line

Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR · 2021

Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields. Medium from the exposed cells reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in recipient non-exposed cells (P<0.05, comet assay). Direct exposure to the same RF conditions also reduced DNA damage (P<0.05) and increased extracellular hsp70 without changing intracellular hsp70.

Analyzing the impact of 900 MHz EMF short-term exposure to the expression of 667 miRNAs in human peripheral blood cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers exposed peripheral blood cells from five male donors to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field for up to 90 minutes. They measured expression of 667 microRNAs using a quantitative PCR array and compared the results to sham and hyperthermia controls. In the initial screening, two miRNAs — miR-194 at 30 minutes and miR-939 at 60 minutes — were down-regulated about two-fold and their p-values survived Bonferroni correction. A repeat experiment two years later found similar overall miRNA expression patterns but could not reproduce the previously identified differentially expressed miRNAs, and the authors concluded that the data do not support early miRNA changes or EMF-responsive individuals.

Micronucleus Assay in Cell Phone Users: Importance of Oral Mucosa Screening

Ghandehari M, Sadri D, Farhadi S · 2021

Researchers conducted a descriptive study on cell phone users at a dental faculty, using Papanicolaou staining of mucosal smears. The study analyzed 100 samples, finding micronucleus-containing cells at 2.94% ± 1.89% and micronuclei per cell at 1.02% ± 1.68%. Daily cell phone usage correlated significantly with both micronucleus measures (r = 0.70 for micronucleus-containing cells, r = 0.57 for micronuclei per cell, both P = 0.0001), while age and sex showed no significant correlation.

Assessment of DNA Damage in Chick Embryo Brains Exposed to 2G and 3G Cell Phone Radiation using Alkaline Comet Assay Technique

D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Bhargavan R · 2021

Researchers exposed fertilized hen eggs to 2G or 3G cell phone radiation for 72 minutes per day from day 9 to 12 of development. They used the alkaline comet assay to measure DNA damage in the embryo brains. Exposure to both 2G and 3G radiation significantly increased comet length, tail length, percentage of DNA in the tail, and tail moment, with greater effects in the 3G group.

Electromagnetic field of extremely low frequency has an impact on selected chemical components of the honeybee

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers aimed to demonstrate the effect of ELF-EMF on selected chemical components of honeybees using FTIR spectroscopy. Honeybees were exposed to 50 Hz EMF at 1.6 mT for durations of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. FTIR analysis revealed that exposure longer than 2 hours induced changes in the structure of chemical compounds, especially in regions corresponding to DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and protein vibrations, compared to unexposed controls.