EMF Research Studies

Radio frequency electromagnetic radiations interfere with the Leydig cell functions in-vitro

Unknown authors · 2024

Effects of 4G mobile phone radiation exposure on reproductive, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters of male Wistar rat

Unknown authors · 2024

Rosmarinic Acid Protects the Testes of Rats against Cell Phone and Ultra-high Frequency Waves Induced Toxicity

Unknown authors · 2024

Davis D. Wireless technologies, non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and children: Identifying and reducing health risks. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101374

Unknown authors · 2023

The review examines experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence on biological impacts of wireless technology on children. The review reports that more than half of toddlers regularly use screens contrary to pediatric guidelines, and that early device use is linked to speech delays, technoference, and addiction-like behaviors. The authors recommend an ALARA approach for microwave radiation and an independently funded research program on long-term physical and psychological impacts.

(2023) Genotoxic risks to male reproductive health from radiofrequency radiation

Kaur et al · 2023

Mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices employ radiofrequency waves to which everyone is exposed. Excessive and long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation may cause genetic health effects on the male reproductive system, which could be a primitive factor to induce cancer risk. The review incorporates both in vitro and in vivo studies of radiofrequency radiation effects, including DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, SCE generation, ROS generation, oxidative stress, base adduct formation, sperm head DNA damage, and DNA-protein cross-linking.

Extremely Low Frequency-Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) Can Decrease Spermatocyte Count and Motility and Change Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

The study used sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups with different ELF-EMF exposure durations. Sperm count and motility were significantly lower in rats exposed for 1 hour per day for 52 days, 4 hours per day for 52 days, and 4 hours per day for 5 days compared with sham-exposed rats. Serum testosterone decreased significantly in rats exposed for 4 hours per day for 5 days. The volume of seminiferous tubules, their epithelium, and interstitial tissue decreased significantly after 4 hours per day for 5 days of exposure. Tubule length was reduced by 18% in the same exposure group.

Comparative Assessment of Disturbances of Contractions of the Isolated Uterus in 3- and 9-Month-Old Rats with a Model of Autism

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers compared the effects of carbachol, α,β-methylene-ATP, β,γ-methylene-ATP, and electric field stimulation on isolated uterine contractions in 3- and 9-month-old rats with a valproic acid autism model. Contractions induced by α,β-methylene-ATP and β,γ-methylene-ATP were significantly lower than in control animals. Carbachol-induced contractions were significantly reduced in 9-month-old rats compared to controls. Electric field stimulation produced no significant differences in either age group.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period

Wydorski PJ et al. · 2023

Researchers collected porcine endometrial slices during the peri-implantation period and exposed them to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours in vitro. They measured DNA methylation in the promoter regions of EGR2, HSD17B2, ID2, IL1RAP, MRAP2, NOS3, PTGER4, SERPINE1, VDR and ZFP57 using qMS-PCR. Exposure increased methylation of EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation of IL1RAP and NOS3, and did not change methylation of HSD17B2, MRAP2, SERPINE1, VDR, and ZFP57.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces alterations in epigenetic regulation in the myometrium - An in vitro study

Franczak A et al. · 2023

Researchers exposed HeLa, ES-2, and DU-145 cancer cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1.3 mT for 15 and 30 minutes. The exposure increased reactive oxygen species levels in the cells. ES-2 cells showed upregulation of XRCC5 and higher levels of TNF-α, RAD51, APE1, XRCC1, and NSUN2, while DU-145 cells had reduced BCL-2, HSP90, RAD51, and TNF-α and increased VIM and METTL3.

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields and N-acetylcysteine on transplantation of vitrified mouse ovarian tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers randomly assigned adult female NMRI mice to five groups including fresh ovarian transplantation, vitrified transplantation, and vitrified transplantation with NAC, pulsed electromagnetic fields, or both. NAC, PEMF, and combined NAC+PEMF treatments significantly increased follicle numbers and vascularization in the transplanted tissue. The combined treatment also lowered malondialdehyde levels and demonstrated a synergistic effect on angiogenesis and oxidative stress protection.

Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Modern Cellphones on Sperm Motility and Viability: An In Vitro Study

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed semen samples from fertile men to radiofrequency radiation from a smartphone using 4G, 5G, or WiFi connectivity. Sperm motility and viability decreased with WiFi exposure but not with 4G or 5G exposure. The study also tested whether a cellphone case or increased distance could reduce the effects.

Risk factors of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT): Exposure to mobile phones during pregnancy

Unknown authors · 2023

They assessed mobile phone radiation exposure using daily call time, phone proximity when not in use, phone models, specific absorption rate (SAR), and effective SAR (SAR × call time). Excess weight gain during pregnancy increased CAKUT risk, while folic acid use before pregnancy was protective. Longer daily call time and higher effective SAR values were associated with increased CAKUT risk, but phone proximity when not in use was not a risk factor.

Effects of Exposure to Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz on Structural Changes Associated with Lipid Peroxidation in Prepubertal Rat Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

The study used prepubertal male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz RF radiation at varying electric field intensities. The exposure groups included electric field strengths of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m, with daily 1-hour exposures for 45 days. Exposed rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. Histological analysis revealed distinct alterations in testicular tissue compared to controls.

Protective effect of paricalcitol in rat testicular damage induced by subchronic 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, RFR exposure, paricalcitol treatment, and combined RFR plus paricalcitol. No significant differences were found in seminiferous tubule diameters or germinal epithelial thicknesses among groups. Ultrastructural changes observed in the seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells in the RFR group were decreased in the RFR plus paricalcitol group. The RFR plus paricalcitol group showed increased Johnsen Score, Ki67, p63 immunoreactivity, SOD and CAT activities, and decreased MDA levels compared with the RFR group.

Short-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation and metabolic enzymes' activities during pregnancy and prenatal development

Unknown authors · 2022

Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis

Unknown authors · 2022

Rats were exposed to 900 MHz RFR at 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured histopathology, PCNA, Bcl-xL, cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK, p-p38, and TUNEL in testis tissue. No histopathological differences or PCNA changes were observed between sham and RFR groups in either period. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-xL showed period-dependent alterations, TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly only after acute exposure, and both p-p38 and p-JNK protein expressions increased significantly in both acute and chronic RFR groups.

The detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on sperm biological characteristics in normozoospermic

Unknown authors · 2022

Normal sperm samples were divided into control and case groups, with case samples placed 2.5 cm from an active cell phone antenna for 60 minutes. Control samples were exposed to cell phones without active antennas. Viability and motility were significantly lower in the case group, while apoptotic sperm percentage and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher. Morphology, chromatin abnormality, and maturity showed no significant difference between groups.

Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative stress: Role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating male fertility through estrogen receptor alpha in Gallus gallus domesticus

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed two-week-old immature male chickens to non-thermal low-level 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for two hours per day over 30 days. Exposed chickens showed decreased testicular weight, volume, and gonado-somatic index, as well as a substantial reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter. Radiation exposure increased oxidative stress parameters, increased IL-1β immunoreactivity, decreased IL-10 immunoreactivity, and reduced ERα expression in testes.

B. Blake Levitt, Henry C. Lai, Albert M. Manville. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 3. Exposure standards, public policy, laws, and future directions. Rev Environ Health. 2021 Sep 27. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0083

Unknown authors · 2021

The review examines government standards adopted for human exposures for their applicability to wildlife. It states that existing environmental laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act should be strengthened and enforced, and new laws written for increasing EMF exposures. Radiofrequency radiation exposure standards warrant more stringent controls given 5G signaling characteristics, and no current standards take wildlife into consideration. Numerous studies indicate low-level EMF exposures have adverse effects on orientation, migration, reproduction, and other behaviors, and cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed.

(2021) Effects of mobile phone usage on sperm quality – No time-dependent relationship on usage: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis

Kim et al · 2021

The authors conducted a systematic review and updated meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. They evaluated 18 studies comprising 4280 samples. The outcome measures were sperm motility, viability, and concentration. Exposure to mobile phones was associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration. The decrease in sperm quality after RF-EMW exposure was not significant even when mobile phone usage increased.

Exposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improves the Developmental Competence and Quality of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Produced Using Fibroblast Cells and Alters Their Epigenetic Status and Gene Expression

Unknown authors · 2021

PEMF treatment of cumulus cells at 30 µT for three hours increased cell viability, proliferation, and expression of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, P53, CCNB1, and GPX while decreasing DNMT1, DNMT3a, GSK3b, and BAX, and PEMF treatment of SCNT embryos at the start of culture raised the blastocyst rate from 42.8% to 51.4% and lowered the apoptotic index to IVF levels without changing total cell number or inner cell mass to trophectoderm ratio. In blastocysts, the treatment up-regulated NANOG, SOX2, CDX2, GLUT1, P53, and BCL2 and down-regulated BAX, CASPASE3, GSK3b, and HSP70 while leaving OCT4, DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HDAC1, and CCNB1 unchanged, and it increased global H3K27me3 without affecting H3K18ac.

The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers isolated spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells from neonate mouse testes. The stem cells were exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 2.5 mT for one hour daily over five days and then treated with exosomes from pre-pubertal Sertoli cells. Electromagnetic field exposure increased reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase expression, cell viability, and colonization, and increased apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression while decreasing GFRα1 expression. Sertoli-derived exosomes significantly improved these adverse effects by regulating oxidative stress.

Protective effects of selenium on electromagnetic field-induced apoptosis, aromatase P450 activity, and leptin receptor expression in rat testis

Khoshbakht S et al. · 2021

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CONT (control), EM group (2100 MHZ), EM/SE group (2100 MHZ + selenium (0.2 mg/kg)), and SE group (selenium 0.2 mg/kg). EMF exposure significantly reduced serum LH, FSH, GnRH, testosterone, sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter, while increasing serum leptin, sperm abnormality, aromatase, apoptotic cells, and leptin receptor. Selenium co-administration increased sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, seminiferous diameters, and hormone levels, and decreased sperm abnormality, leptin receptor, and apoptotic cells compared with EMF alone.

Modulatory effects of Punica granatum L juice against 2115 MHz (3G) radiation-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rat

Unknown authors · 2021

Fahmi A, Saad-Hussein A, Ibrahim KS, Madboly A, Abdur-Rahman M

Unknown authors · 2021

One-hundred male volunteers were recruited and classified into two groups based on mobile phone usage. Group 1 used phones less than one hour per day for less than five years, while group 2 used phones more than one hour per day for more than five years. The higher-use group had significantly lower testosterone and superoxide dismutase and significantly higher luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and malondialdehyde.