Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers compared mobile phone records from network operators with self-reported use for 212 cases and 296 controls across three countries over an average of two years. Mean ratios of reported to recorded use were virtually identical for cases and controls, with both groups underestimating number of calls by a factor of 0.81 and overestimating call duration by a factor of 1.4. For cases but not controls, ratios increased with increasing time before the interview, though these trends were based on few subjects with long-term data, and ratios increased by level of use. The authors concluded there was little evidence for differential recall errors overall or in recent periods, but apparent overestimation by cases in more distant time periods could cause positive bias in risk estimates.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers developed child head models based on magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed maximum SAR over 10 g in seven child and six adult heterogeneous head models. They also assessed SAR over 1 g in specific tissues for both child and adult head models. Simulations showed that maximum SAR over 10 g differed little between adults and children relative to variability, but maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissue was about two times higher in child models aged 5–8 years than in adult models, with no difference for older children.
Lerchl A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed adult male Djungarian hamsters to RF-EMF at 383, 900, and 1800 MHz for 60 days at 80 mW/kg. Pineal and serum melatonin levels and organ weights were not affected in any experiment. Body weight increased transiently up to 4% at 383 MHz, increased up to 6% non-transiently at 900 MHz, and was unchanged at 1800 MHz.
Djeridane Y, Touitou Y, de Seze R. · 2008
Researchers exposed 20 healthy men to 900 MHz GSM radiation from a cellular phone for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken hourly at night and every 3 hours during the day across four sessions spaced 15 days apart, using each man's pre-exposure levels as his control. All hormone levels stayed within normal ranges, and circadian patterns of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropin, and testosterone were not disrupted, while growth hormone and cortisol maximum levels decreased significantly during exposure but returned to baseline afterward.
Sinha RK · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation and assessed thyroid hormones and behavior. Exposed rats showed hyperactivity and aggression, with significant changes in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Thyroid hormone levels changed, with T3 decreasing and T4 increasing, correlating with behavioral changes.
Maccà I et al. · 2008
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields from 11 microwave, 4 short-wave diathermy, and 15 magneto therapy devices in eight physiotherapy departments. Levels in front of microwave applicators dropped quickly with distance and lower power, though metal furniture can reflect fields. Measurements at about 50 cm from microwave applicators and near diathermy units exceeded European and ACGIH exposure limits.
Kumar V, Vats RP, Pathak PP. · 2008
The study examined effects of electromagnetic waves at 41 and 202 MHz from a TV tower on human skin, muscles, bone, and fat. Researchers used international SAR exposure limits to calculate safe distances from TV transmission towers for both frequencies. The authors recommended that transmission towers be located away from densely populated areas and that people keep away from towers because they emit radiation harmful to some body tissues.
Dimbylow PJ, Hirata A, Nagaoka T. · 2008
The study intercompared the HPA male and female models NORMAN and NAOMI with the NICT male and female models TARO and HANAKO. Particular emphasis was placed on how dielectric properties are assigned to tissues such as skin and fat and on the consequences of different SAR calculation algorithms at higher frequencies. Whole-body SAR calculations were performed at three institutions for a vertically polarized plane wave incident on the front of the body from 30 MHz to 3 GHz under isolated conditions.
Thomas S et al. · 2008
Researchers randomly selected a population-based sample of children and adolescents from population registries in four Bavarian cities and towns for a study with a 52% response rate. Each participant wore a dosimeter for 24 hours to measure exposure across three mobile phone frequency ranges, and waking-hour exposure was expressed as a percentage of the ICNIRP reference level. The median exposure was 0.18% of the ICNIRP reference level for children and 0.19% for adolescents, and personal dosimetry proved to be a well-accepted tool for such epidemiologic studies.
Nagaoka T, Kunieda E, Watanabe S · 2008
Researchers used an existing Japanese adult voxel model and three-dimensional deformation to create models representing average-size Japanese children at 3, 5, and 7 years old. The models consist of cubic voxels 2 mm on each side segmented into 51 tissues and organs. They calculated whole-body-averaged and tissue-averaged specific absorption rates for the child models exposed to plane waves from 30 MHz to 3 GHz and compared the results with scaled down adult models. They also determined the incident electric-field strength needed to produce a whole-body-averaged SAR of 0.08 W kg(-1), the ICNIRP basic restriction for general public exposure.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2008
In the first phase, 30 patients provided saliva samples before and after a 30-minute MRI at 0.23 T. Saliva mercury concentrations increased from 8.6 ± 3.0 to 11.3 ± 5.3 µg L⁻¹ after MRI (p < 0.01). In the second phase, 14 female university students with no prior mobile phone use received amalgam restorations and gave urine samples before and on days 1-4 after. Urinary mercury levels were significantly higher in the mobile-phone users than in controls across the four days (p < 0.05).
Joseph W, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Heredia MM, Martens L · 2008
This study characterized personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure of the general public from 12 different sources. Indoor office exposure from WiFi reached 95th-percentile field values of 0.36 to 0.58 V m(-1), while DECT reached 0.33 V m(-1), and outdoor GSM and DCS downlink signals reached up to 0.52 V m(-1). The researchers proposed a method to relate measured field exposure to actual whole-body absorption and applied it to a GSM downlink signal, finding Fiftieth, 95th, and 99th percentiles of whole-body SAR of 0.58 microW kg(-1), 2.08 microW kg(-1), and 5.01 microW kg(-1) for a 95th percentile of 0.26 V m(-1).
Hashish AH, El-Missiry MA, Abdelkader HI, Abou-Saleh RH · 2008
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers studied how microwave cooking time, power, and added water affect bioactive compounds in broccoli. All studied compounds decreased except mineral nutrients which remained stable under all cooking conditions. Vitamin C had the greatest losses from degradation and leaching, while phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were lost mainly through leaching into water.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers subjected insulin chain-B to oscillating electric fields of different frequencies. Lower-frequency fields produced static-field-like behavior that constrained the peptide's intrinsic flexibility. This constraint potentially restricted access to the protein's active state.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers measured radiofrequency fields from wireless local area networks using Wi-Fi technology against background RF fields in the frequency range 75 MHz to 3 GHz. They conducted 356 measurements at 55 sites including residences, commercial spaces, healthcare and educational institutions, and other public spaces in the U.S., France, Germany, and Sweden. Measurements were taken under conditions that would result in the higher end of exposures, including close to Wi-Fi access points and at a distance of approximately 1 m from a laptop uploading and downloading large files. In all cases, measured Wi-Fi signal levels were very far below international exposure limits (IEEE C95.1-2005 and ICNIRP) and in nearly all cases far below other RF signals in the same environments.
Smith P, Kuster N, Ebert S, Chevalier HJ · 2007
Researchers exposed 1170 Han Wistar rats to GSM or DCS signals at three nominal SARs of 0.44, 1.33 and 4.0 W/kg for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 104 weeks. No significant differences were found in primary neoplasm incidence, multiplicity, latency, metastases, or benign and malignant neoplasm counts between exposed and sham-exposed rats. The study included sham-exposed groups for each modulation and an unrestrained cage control group, with interim sacrifice at 52 weeks and terminal sacrifice at 104 weeks.
Jia F, Ushiyama A, Masuda H, Lawlor GF, Ohkubo C. · 2007
Researchers measured local temperature changes in rabbit pinnae during 20-minute RF exposures at SAR levels of 0, 2.3, 10.0, and 34.3 W/kg under normal blood flow and without blood flow. Blood flow significantly suppressed temperature increases even at 34.3 W/kg, while 2.3 and 10.0 W/kg did not induce significant temperature rises under normal blood flow conditions. However, 2.3 W/kg induced local skin temperature elevation when blood flow was absent. The authors concluded that physiological blood flow effects should be considered when extrapolating modeling data to living animals.
Eltiti S et al. · 2007
Fifty-six self-reported sensitive and 120 control participants were tested in an open provocation test, of which 12 sensitive and 6 controls withdrew after the first session, and the remainder completed a series of double-blind tests. During the open provocation, sensitive individuals reported lower levels of well-being in both GSM and UMTS compared with sham exposure, whereas controls reported more symptoms during the UMTS exposure. During double-blind tests the GSM signal did not have any effect on either group. Sensitive participants reported elevated levels of arousal during the UMTS condition, whereas the number or severity of symptoms experienced did not increase. Physiological measures did not differ across the three exposure conditions for either group.
Tahvanainen K et al. · 2007
Hallberg O. · 2007
Researchers related health parameters to population density in 21 Swedish counties and to estimates of average mobile phone output power. People in sparsely populated counties in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway have suffered more illness and longer recovery since 1997, whereas the countryside was the healthiest place 20 years ago. The strongest correlations with decreased health quality were estimated average mobile phone power output (positive correlation) and GSM base station coverage (negative correlation) in each county.
Bornkessel C, Schubert M, Wuschek M, Schmidt P. · 2007
The paper summarizes two studies that developed and applied measurement and calculation methods for public exposure around GSM and UMTS base stations. Measurements showed exposures from 0.01% to more than 10% of field strength limits, with distance not a main factor but orientation and sight conditions greatly influencing exposure. Simulation tools predicted exposure accurately in line-of-sight scenarios but free space models overestimated exposure by orders of magnitude in non-line-of-sight situations.
Alanko T, Hietanen M · 2007
Researchers assessed worker exposure to radiofrequency fields in two medium-sized antenna towers. The towers had transmitting antennas from mobile phone networks, radio, digital TV sub-stations, and amateur radio. Measurements were taken close to the tower ladders. All measured values were below ICNIRP occupational reference levels.
Wang KJ, Yao K, Lu DQ. · 2007
