Curcio G et al. · 2004
Researchers randomly assigned subjects to two groups exposed to 902.40 MHz EMF either before or during testing sessions. Subjects completed four performance tasks under double-blind conditions while tympanic temperature was measured five times per session. Results showed improved simple and choice reaction times and increased local temperature on the exposed region after at least 25 minutes of exposure.
Bergamaschi A, Magrini A, Ales G, Coppetta L, Somma G. · 2004
The study aimed to analyze the effects of mobile phone use on thyroid function and evaluate the role of occupational stress. It included 2598 employees with different duties, assessing mobile phone exposure via questionnaire and conversation times. No significant difference in TSH values below 0.4 UI/l was found among workers with different duties, but employees with more than 33 hours per month of conversation time had a significantly greater prevalence of low SH values. The researchers could not determine whether this result was due to EMF exposure or stress.
Kojima M et al. · 2004
Researchers exposed one eye each of 43 male pigmented rabbits to microwaves at 300 mW/cm2, either under systemic anesthesia or without anesthesia. Exposed eyes showed miosis, conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, and increased light scattering in the lens, and all of these anterior ocular changes disappeared within a week. Rabbits under systemic anesthesia showed much stronger symptoms, and their ocular temperatures were 2-9 degrees C higher than those without anesthesia.
Aksen F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Askin M, Dasdag MM. · 2004
Researchers exposed rats to radiofrequency radiation from cellular phones to study effects on trace elements, T1 relaxation times, and rectal temperature. Manganese and zinc levels in the serum of exposed rats were significantly different from the control group. Iron, copper, and T1 relaxation times in serum did not change significantly, and rectal temperature also showed no statistically significant difference between groups.
Ozguner F, Aydin G, Mollaoglu H, Gokalp O, Koyu A, Cesur G. · 2004
Researchers used thirty male Wistar-Albino rats divided into a nontreated control group, an irradiated group, and an irradiated group that also received melatonin. The irradiated group received 900 MHz radiation for 10 days at 30 minutes per day, and skin grafts were taken from the thoraco-abdominal area at the end of the tenth day. In the irradiated group, researchers observed increased thickness of stratum corneum, atrophy of epidermis, papillamatosis, basal cell proliferation, hypergranulosis, capillary proliferation, and impairment in collagen tissue distribution compared to the control group. Most of these changes, except hypergranulosis, were prevented with melatonin treatment.
Busljeta I, Trosic I, Milkovic-Kraus S. · 2004
The study observed erythropoietic changes in rats subchronically exposed to radiofrequency microwave radiation at a nonthermal level. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous RF/MW fields for 2 hours daily, 7 days a week, at 5 – 10 mW/cm2. In exposed animals, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit were increased in peripheral blood on irradiation days 8 and 15. Anuclear cells and erythropoietic precursor cells were significantly decreased in the bone marrow on day 15, while micronucleated cells' frequency was increased.
Unknown authors · 2003
Researchers studied 15 men chronically exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields for 1–20 years and 15 unexposed controls. Exposure levels for the exposed group ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 μT weekly geometric mean. Blood samples were taken hourly from 2000 to 0800 and nighttime urine was also collected and analyzed. The study found no changes in plasma melatonin, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, or circadian rhythm in the exposed group.
Unknown authors · 2003
Researchers isolated pineal glands from Wistar rats at 10:00 h and exposed them to a 50 Hz, 1 mT magnetic field for 4 hours in vitro. Basal melatonin release and enzyme activities were unchanged by magnetic field exposure alone. When magnetic field exposure preceded norepinephrine addition by 30 minutes, NAT activity, HIOMT activity, and melatonin release increased significantly. This effect did not occur when magnetic field and norepinephrine were applied together or in sonicated glands.
Bakos J, Kubinyi G, Sinay H, Thuroczy G. · 2003
Researchers studied the effect of 900 and 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency radiation on urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in adult male Wistar rats. Seventy-two rats were used in six independent experiments with exposures in a GTEM cell at power densities of 100 μW/cm² at 900 MHz and 20 μW/cm² at 1800 MHz. Animals were exposed for 2 hours daily between 8:00 AM and noon for 14 days with 218 Hz GSM modulation. No statistically significant changes in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion were found at either frequency.
Ross A, Barker K · 2003
Researchers used a between-subjects design with cell phone presence, clothing type, and sex as factors. 160 women from a predominantly Black college rated older African American stimuli on perceived power subscales. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a three-way interaction among clothing, cell phone, and sex of the stimulus person.
Navarro EA, Sequra J, Portoles M, Gomez-Perretta de Mateo C · 2003
Researchers conducted a health survey near a cellular phone base station operating at DCS-1800 MHz in Murcia, Spain. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between declared symptom severity and measured power density, and the higher exposure group reported increased severity.
Laberge-Nadeau C et al. · 2003
This epidemiological study compared cell phone users and non-users to assess the association with road crashes. The relative risk for all collisions and injury collisions was 38% higher for men and women who used cell phones. After adjusting for kilometres driven and driving habits, the relative risks diminished to 1.1 for men and 1.2 for women. A dose-response relationship was found between frequency of cell phone use and crash risks.
Jayanand, Behari J, Lochan R. · 2003
Researchers exposed rats with sciatic neurectomy-induced osteoporosis to modulated pulsed electromagnetic fields at a 14 MHz carrier frequency modulated at 16 Hz with 10 V peak-to-peak amplitude. The exposure produced a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density and a deceleration in the bone resorption process in the femur and tibia. The authors suggest that this effective window of pulsed radio frequency fields may be used therapeutically for osteoporosis treatment.
Hocking B, Gordon I. · 2003
The authors examined survival of 123 children with acute lymphatic leukemia in an inner ring and an outer ring of municipalities around television towers in North Sydney, Australia. The inner ring included 29 cases with 16 deaths, while the outer ring included 94 cases with 34 deaths. Five-year survival was 55% in the inner ring and 71% in the outer ring, and 10-year survival was 33% versus 62%. The adjusted mortality rate ratio for the inner ring compared to the outer ring was 2.1 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 4.0. The difference in survival was statistically significant with a log-rank test p-value of 0.03 and a Wilcoxon test p-value of 0.05.
Grigor'ev IuG. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate biological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic field on chick embryo using mortality rate as a risk assessment. Chicken embryos were exposed to EMF from a GSM mobile phone during the 21-day embryonic development. The embryo mortality rate in the incubation period increased to 75% versus 16% in the control group.
Astrain I, Bernaus J, Claverol J, Escobar A, Godoy P. · 2003
The study used direct observation of 1536 cars at six traffic-light intersections in Lleida, excluding cyclists, motorcyclists, and driving school cars. Mobile phone use was detected in 50 drivers, giving a prevalence of 3.3% (95% CI 2.4-4.3). Higher odds of phone use were found for men (OR 2.2), drivers aged 18-40 (OR 1.5) and over 60 (OR 2.2), unaccompanied drivers (OR 3.0), at urban intersections (OR 2.7), on workdays (OR 2.0), and during rush hour (OR 1.4).
Unknown authors · 2002
Unknown authors · 2002
Hypersensitivity to EMFs has been reported for nearly 20 years but the literature remains very limited. Nearly all literature concerns a dermatological syndrome with subjective symptoms such as itching and burning that appear after working with video display units and decrease during absence from work. Case-control studies and limited double-blind trials have not found a clear relationship between this syndrome and EMF exposure. A general syndrome with more general symptoms has been rarely described and appears to have a worse prognosis. The symptoms are mainly neurasthenic and nonspecific, overlapping with multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue, yet no valid etiological studies have been published for this general syndrome.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers reported the results of a telephone survey among a sample of 2,072 Californians. Being allergic or very sensitive to electrical devices was reported by 68 subjects, giving an adjusted prevalence of 3.2%. The strongest predictor of reporting hypersensitivity was a doctor-diagnosed environmental illness or multiple chemical sensitivity. Risk perception from hair dryers was most associated with self-reporting, but risk perception alone did not explain the characteristics.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers sent a questionnaire to 350 patients registered with electrical sensitivity at a Swedish hospital from 1980 to 1998, achieving a 73% response rate. The study included 50 respondents with hypersensitivity to electricity (38% men, 62% women) and 200 with VDT-related skin symptoms (21.5% men, 78.5% women). Patients with hypersensitivity to electricity were more often not gainfully employed (38% vs 17%) and their medical prognosis did not improve over time, unlike the VDT group.
Unknown authors · 2002
However, research reports indicate that living cells may respond to power-frequency fields well below the thermal noise limits. The study proposes that published thermal arguments may not fully account for all membrane force fields of thermal origin, and that a full accounting could show smaller net thermal noise fields in the power-frequency range.
Unknown authors · 2002
The paper compares maximum allowable powers for cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz under ANSI/IEEE, ICNIRP, and a proposed IEEE modification. It shows the ANSI/IEEE guideline is the most conservative, ICNIRP allows 2.5-3 times higher maximum radiated power, and the proposed modification allows up to 50% higher power. Peak 1 g SAR in smaller head models is up to 56% higher at 1900 MHz and up to 20% higher at 835 MHz than in larger models. Plastic ear models yield SARs up to two or more times smaller than realistic anatomic models, and a 2 mm thin shell phantom with lossy ear is proposed to match anatomic SARs within +/- 15%.
Tat FH, Wah KC, Hung YH. · 2002
Researchers tested three Personal Communication System cellular phones at different distances from multiple electronic medical devices and measured electromagnetic field strength with a spectrum analyser. Only the CO2 airway adapter and the haemoglucostix meter were affected, and only when the phone was in very close proximity. Compared to a 1997 study of Global System for Mobile Communication phones, the Personal Communication System phones generated less electromagnetic interference. The authors recommended a much larger study and an accurate international electromagnetic interference standard before any change in hospital policy on mobile phone usage.
Vangelova K, Israel M, Mihaylov S. · 2002
Researchers studied 12 male satellite station operators during 24-hour shifts and compared them with 12 unexposed controls. Exposure was low-level with specific absorption of 0.1127 J.kg-1. Exposed operators had significantly increased 24-hour excretion of 11-OCS and disrupted circadian rhythm, including increased mesor, decreased amplitude, and shifted acrophase. Catecholamine excretion rates also changed significantly with greater variability.
Frick U, Rehm J, Eichhammer P. · 2002
A survey with random variation of three cognitive factors was performed to investigate risk perception, somatization, and self report of complaints related to electromagnetic fields. Age had no significant linear effect on EMF-related complaints. EMF-related complaints were reported more by females and people with higher somatization tendency.
