Burch JB et al. · 2002
Researchers evaluated cellular telephone use and melatonin metabolite excretion in two groups of male electric utility workers. Participants collected urine samples and recorded telephone use over three workdays while personal magnetic field and light exposures were measured. In Study 1, no change in 6-OHMS excretion was observed with daily cellular telephone use over 25 minutes.
Ye J, Yao K, Zeng Q, Lu D. · 2002
Rabbits' eyes were exposed to 5 mW/cm(2) and 10 mW/cm(2) power densities of microwave radiation for 3 hours. The fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching (FRAP) method was used to determine gap junctional intercellular communication, and laser scanning confocal microscopy detected connexin 43 localization and function. Gap junctional intercellular communication was inhibited by microwave radiation, especially in the 10 mW/cm(2) irradiated samples. A decrease in connexin 43-positive staining was seen in 5 mW/cm(2) x 3 h treated LECs, and intracellular space accumulation and cytoplasmic internalization were clearly demonstrated in the 10 mW/cm(2) group.
Kolomytseva MP, Gapeev AB, Sadovnikov VB, Chemeris NK. · 2002
Trosic I, Busljeta I, Kasuba V, Rozgaj R. · 2002
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to continuous 2450 MHz radiofrequency microwave radiation for 2 hours a day, 7 days a week, for up to 30 days, at a power density of 5–10 mW/cm2. Peripheral blood smears were examined for micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes as an indicator of genotoxicity. Micronuclei per 1000 PCEs were significantly increased after eight irradiation treatments compared with sham-exposed controls. The researchers noted that an adaptive mechanism in both erythrocytopoiesis and genotoxicity likely appeared during the subchronic irradiation treatment.
Unknown authors · 2001
Effects of low frequency pulsed electric field on insulin studied by fluorescent spectrum. The experiment results demonstrate that the conformation of insulin molecular has been altered by electric fields exposure for 30 minutes or by heat exposure for 50 hours. The results suggest that pulsed electric field exposure as heat exposure will after conformation of insulin molecular by breaking some hydrogen bonds and recombining another hydrogen bonds.
Unknown authors · 2001
In 1998, researchers studied the effect of residential exposure to electric and magnetic fields from high-power lines on female urinary excretion of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the Quebec City metropolitan area. A sample of 221 women living near a 735-kV line was compared with 195 women of the same age living away from any power lines. Participants provided morning urine samples on two consecutive days and wore a magnetic dosimeter for 36 consecutive hours while indoor electric fields were assessed by spot measurements. After adjustment for factors such as medication use and light exposure, nighttime concentration of 6-OHMS was similar in the two groups. When either 24-hour or sleep-time exposure to magnetic or electric fields was used, no exposure-effect relation was evident.
Unknown authors · 2001
Each woman provided data over a 72-hour period in two different seasons, including bedroom magnetic field and ambient light measured every 30 seconds, personal magnetic field measured at 30-second intervals, and complete nighttime urine samples on three consecutive nights. Lower nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were associated with more hours of daylight, older age, higher body mass index, current alcohol consumption, and current use of beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or psychotropics. After adjusting for these factors, higher bedroom magnetic field levels were associated with significantly lower urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration during the same night, primarily in women using those medications and during times of year with the fewest hours of darkness.
Stagg RB et al. · 2001
Researchers exposed tube-restrained Fischer 344 rats to pulse-modulated 1.6 GHz Iridium cell phone fields at brain SARs of 0.16, 1.6 and 5 W/ kg for 2 hours. Core body temperature increased transiently by about 0.3 degrees C during the first 30 minutes of loose-tube restraint in conditioned animals. Immobilization alone caused a nearly 10-fold rise in ACTH and corticosterone in conditioned rats, and non-conditioned rats showed 3-10-fold higher hormone levels at 120 minutes. RF exposure did not change core body temperature, corticosterone, ACTH, or brain Odc, Fos, Jun mRNA compared with sham-exposed immobilized animals. The authors concluded that the pulse-modulated digital Iridium RF field at SARs up to 5 W/kg is incapable of altering these stress-related responses.
Koivisto M et al. · 2001
Researchers studied the influence of pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from digital GSM mobile phones (902 MHz, 217 Hz pulse modulation) on subjective symptoms in healthy subjects using two single-blind experiments. The results did not reveal any differences between exposure and non-exposure conditions. Exposure durations were about 60 minutes in Experiment 1 and 30 minutes in Experiment 2. Subjects rated symptoms including headache, dizziness, fatigue, itching or tingling of the skin, redness on the skin, and sensations of warmth on the skin.
Jauchem JR, Frei MR, Dusch SJ, Lehnert HM, Kovatch RM · 2001
Researchers exposed 100 C3H/HeJ mice to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses for 2 minutes once a week for 12 weeks, using 100 sham-control mice for comparison. There were no significant differences between groups in incidence of palpated mammary tumors, latency to tumor onset, rate of tumor growth, or animal survival. Histopathological evaluations also revealed no significant differences between the two groups in numbers of neoplasms across all tissues studied.
Vitulli WF, Nemeth YM, Conte CT · 2001
The study determined whether ibuprofen causes a disruptive behavior pattern similar to aspirin yet contrary to acetaminophen regarding thermoregulatory effects. Eight Sprague-Dawley rats (3 males and 5 females) were conditioned in a refrigerated Skinner Box on a fixed-interval 2-minute schedule of microwave radiation (5 seconds per exposure) in a repeated-measures reversal design. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of ibuprofen at 10-50 mg/kg or methyl-cellulose control vehicle of equal volume over 8-hour daily sessions. A multivariate analysis showed significant differences due to ibuprofen doses for microwave heat reinforcers per hour and rate of responding (ns), with both measures significantly higher during the first two hours.
Olchowik G · 2001
The study examined the mutual action of hydrocortisone and low intensity microwave radiation on rat bone tissue. Low-intensity microwave radiation had a stimulating effect on bone tissue regeneration in rats. During long-term hydrocortisone application, microwave radiation may act as a protective factor for bone tissue. Bone density and ultrasound velocity were measured to evaluate the Young's modulus of the femur.
Hocking B. · 2001
The article aims to inform professionals about possible health effects from RFR overexposure and the clinical approach to cases. It provides a clinical approach integrating patient symptoms and exposure circumstances. Emergency treatment and ongoing care are outlined along with sources of expert advice.
Cheever KL et al. · 2001
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 10 MHz radiofrequency radiation and measured metabolism and distribution of 2-methoxyethanol and its metabolite methoxyacetic acid. Radiofrequency exposure reduced total body clearance of radiolabeled 2-methoxyethanol but did not change methoxyacetic acid levels in serum, embryos, or extraembryonic fluid. Protein adduct formation in embryos did not differ in a way that would explain the reported synergy between radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol.
Anglesio L et al. · 2001
Radiofrequency field monitoring was carried out in Torino, Italy, to evaluate how electromagnetic field strength varies with height, location, and frequency. The study separated contributions from broadcasting antennas and mobile phone base stations. Theoretical evaluation added emissions from all base station installations in Torino and examined calculated field strength maps considering orography at different heights. Theoretical values were compared with measured values in the mobile telephony frequency range.
Paredi P, Kharitonov SA, Hanazawa T, Barnes PJ · 2001
Researchers exposed eleven healthy adults to a 900 MHz mobile phone for 30 minutes and measured skin temperature, nasal nitric oxide, and nasal minimal cross-sectional area. On the side of the phone, skin temperature rose significantly by 2.3°C at 6 minutes, nasal nitric oxide tended to increase by 12.9% at 10 minutes, and minimal cross-sectional area decreased by 27% at 15 minutes. These changes were absent when an earpiece was used, and the opposite side showed no temperature or nitric oxide change but a 38% increase in minimal cross-sectional area.
Ye J, Yao K, Lu D, Wu R, Jiang H. · 2001
Researchers exposed one eye of each rabbit to 5 mW/cm2 or 10 mW/cm2 microwave radiation for 3 hours, using the contralateral eye as a control. They used Annexin V-propidium iodide two-color flow cytometry to detect early changes in lens epithelial cells. At 5 mW/cm2, many lens epithelial cells were in the initial phase of apoptosis. At 10 mW/cm2, a large number of cells became secondary necrotic cells and severe damage was observed.
Radicheva N, Mileva K, Georgieva B, Kristev I · 2001
Researchers exposed isolated frog muscle fibers to continuous 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 20 mW/cm² for one hour. Repetitive stimulation at 200 ms intervals evoked intracellular action potentials and twitch contractions. The twitch amplitude curve showed a drastic fall in the first 5 seconds followed by an increase and then a decrease. After microwave exposure, the changes in amplitude and time parameters that characterize fatigue were attenuated and delayed compared to controls. The authors concluded that microwaves have a specific non-thermal influence causing some resistance to fatigue.
Palfia Z, Somosy Z, Rez G · 2001
Researchers evaluated murine jejunal epithelial tight junctions after whole-body X-ray and microwave exposure using freeze fracture replicas. X-ray treatment at 4 Gy caused partial dearrangement of the ZO strand network that only partially regenerated by 24 hours. Microwave treatment at 16 Hz-modulated 2.45 GHz and 1 mW/cm2 for 1 hour did not cause dearrangement but increased integration of the tight junctional structure. The microwave effect agreed with an increase in cytochemically detectable ZO-bound calcium.
Alhekail ZO. · 2001
Researchers surveyed microwave ovens used in households and restaurants in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. One oven leaked more than the 5 mW cm-2 limit, and fifteen others leaked 1 mW cm-2 or more, with the rest leaking less. The researchers concluded that a detrimental effect on health is an unlikely result of exposure to radiation from microwave ovens.
Unknown authors · 2000
The researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields combined with mild heat shock on reporter gene expression in two transgenic strains of Caenorhabditis elegans. Reporter gene expression was measured by scoring animals with induced beta-galactosidase activity after staining in toto or by biochemical quantitation of enzyme activity. They defined experimental conditions where electromagnetic fields strongly enhanced the expression of the reporter gene.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers measured personal magnetic field exposure, ambient light, and excretion of the melatonin metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate over three consecutive workdays in electric utility workers. Men working more than two hours daily in substation and three-phase environments showed a magnetic field-dependent reduction in adjusted mean nocturnal and post-work metabolite levels, while those working two hours or less showed no effect. No changes were observed in men working in single-phase environments.
Schilling CJ · 2000
The study investigated effects of exposure to very high frequency radiofrequency radiation on six antenna engineers in two separate incidents. The first incident occurred in 1995 and the second in 1996. Six men were likely accidentally exposed to high levels of VHF radiofrequency radiation at 100 MHz while working on transmission masts, with four men in one incident and two in another. They experienced symptoms and signs including headache, paresthesiae, diarrhea, malaise, and lassitude. The condition of four men, two from each incident likely to have had the highest exposure, showed no significant improvement.
Reeves GI · 2000
Researchers reviewed medical records of 34 patients with confirmed RFR overexposure exceeding permitted limits to detect clinical or laboratory alterations correlated with power density or power density times exposure time. A sensation of warmth was positively associated with power density, while a negative correlation was observed between an abnormal tissue destruction screen and power density. Sophisticated neurological tests in 23 patients and extensive psychometric and psychological exams in 30 patients revealed no neurological or ophthalmologic findings attributable to RFR.
Jauchem JR, Ryan KL, Freidagger MR · 2000
Ketamine-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1 GHz, 10 GHz, or combined 1 and 10 GHz microwaves at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 12 W/kg. Exposures were conducted in E and H orientations under far-field conditions until lethal temperatures were reached. Survival time was shortest at 1 GHz, intermediate for combined frequencies, and longest at 10 GHz, with most differences statistically significant. Temperature values at most sites for combined exposure fell between those of the single-frequency groups. Arterial blood pressure initially increased then decreased until death, heart rate increased throughout, and patterns were similar across all groups.
