Browse 8,700 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 3,825 studies in Whole Body / General
Hagmann J, Gandhi OP, D'Andrea JA, Chatterjee I · 1978
Researchers discovered that the human head acts like an antenna at 350 MHz microwave frequency, absorbing three times more energy than expected. This "head resonance" effect means the head region absorbs far more radiation than previously calculated when the whole body is considered, not just the isolated head.
Dr. Shore · 1978
This 1978 technical report by Dr. Shore compiled conclusions, recommendations, and supporting materials related to microwave and RF radiation's biological effects and environmental exposure implications. The document represents part of a comprehensive review examining health implications from electromagnetic radiation exposure. As a technical compilation, it likely synthesized research findings and provided guidance for understanding microwave radiation's impact on human health.
Patricia Y. Hester, B.B. Bohren · 1978
Researchers exposed chicken eggs to electromagnetic fields of up to 160 gauss for 3 seconds each before incubation, then measured hatching rates and chick weights. The study found no effects on hatchability, body weight, or hatching time, contradicting a U.S. patent's claims that similar EMF exposure improves hatching success by 5-8%.
A. Bootz, G. Winke, A. Boyer and J. Brinkmann · 1978
Researchers exposed chickens to extremely high electric fields (30 kV/m at 50 Hz) for 43 weeks, from hatching through their first laying period. While egg production remained normal, exposed birds showed behavioral changes including increased aggression in roosters and abnormal nesting behaviors in hens. The study found no effects on fertility or offspring development, but egg weight gain was reduced in the exposed group.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 government information bulletin examined domestic microwave oven safety, focusing on microwave radiation leakage and potential biological effects from household exposure. The document addressed safety concerns and radiation standards for consumer microwave ovens during their early widespread adoption.
Lawrence E. Larsen, John H. Jacobi · 1978
This 1978 technical study developed a microwave imaging system to examine biological targets using microwave radiation. Researchers used specialized antennas and scanning methods to create images of different materials, arguing that microwaves could reveal unique features in biological tissues that other imaging methods might miss.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 government report compiled research on nonionizing electromagnetic radiation effects across multiple biological systems and medical fields. The document served as a comprehensive review of EMF health research available at that time, covering everything from aerospace medicine to toxicology. It represents one of the earliest systematic attempts to catalog the growing body of evidence about electromagnetic field health effects.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 government report compiled research on nonionizing electromagnetic radiation effects across multiple biological and medical disciplines. The comprehensive review covered aerospace medicine, toxicology, epidemiology, and behavioral sciences, representing an early systematic effort to understand EMF health impacts. This historical document shows that concerns about electromagnetic radiation effects on human health were being seriously investigated decades before widespread wireless technology adoption.
H. Bassen, J. Sing · 1978
This 1978 technical paper describes a safety control system designed to protect workers in high-power RF and microwave research facilities. The system uses fail-safe detectors, warning lights, and automatic shutoffs to prevent accidental human exposure to dangerous radiation levels. This represents early recognition of RF radiation hazards in occupational settings.
M. F. Iskander, P. W. Barber, C. H. Durney, H. Massoudi · 1978
This 1978 study analyzed how electromagnetic radiation from short dipole antennas affects human-shaped models at close distances. Researchers found that radiation patterns and energy absorption rates (SAR) differ significantly from distant exposure, with higher energy densities occurring when the source is less than half a wavelength away from the body.
G. I. Rowlandson, P. W. Barber · 1978
This 1978 study used mathematical modeling to calculate how the human body absorbs radiofrequency energy at high frequencies (6 GHz and above). Researchers found that RF absorption patterns change dramatically at these higher frequencies compared to lower frequencies, with absorption increasing as frequency rises.
A. MAMOUMI, F. BLOT, Y. LEROY, E. CONSTANT, Y. MOSCHETTO · 1978
This 1978 French study explored using microwave radiometry at 9 GHz to measure tissue temperature beneath the skin for medical diagnosis. The researchers developed a passive, non-invasive method that could detect temperature changes several centimeters deep, potentially useful for identifying breast tumors and studying rheumatic conditions.
Electromagnetic Radiation Management Advisory Council · 1978
This 1978 technical report by ERMAC focused on developing systematic approaches for assessing and managing risks from nonionizing radiation, particularly radiofrequency (RF) sources. The document addressed the need for standardized safety criteria and biological effects evaluation during the early era of widespread RF technology deployment. This represents foundational work in establishing frameworks for understanding EMF health risks.
David P. Rall · 1978
This 1978 conference paper examined how well animal studies predict human health risks, particularly for cancer-causing substances. The research addressed fundamental questions about translating laboratory findings to real-world human exposure scenarios. This methodological work remains crucial for evaluating EMF health studies that rely heavily on animal research.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 technical report examined microwave and radiofrequency radiation's biological effects, focusing on both thermal (heating) and non-thermal effects on living systems. The research contributed to developing exposure standards during a critical period when scientists were establishing safety guidelines for RF technology. This work helped shape our understanding of how microwave radiation interacts with biological tissue beyond simple heating effects.
Gordon R C Atherley · 1978
This 1978 conference paper examined the critical role of health and safety advisers in establishing and implementing exposure limits to prevent occupational disease. The research focused on how industrial hygiene professionals can better protect workers from workplace hazards through proper exposure standards and monitoring.
Stanley M. Neuder, Ph.D. · 1978
This 1978 government report by Dr. Stanley Neuder introduced fundamental principles of bioelectromagnetics dosimetry, focusing on how electromagnetic fields interact with biological tissues. The work established foundational methods for measuring and calculating EMF exposure levels in living organisms. This represents early scientific recognition that understanding EMF-biological interactions required standardized measurement approaches.
Stephen A. Kula, B.F. Miller, H.L. Enos · 1978
This 1978 study examined using microwave energy to remove feathers from chickens during poultry processing, testing 193 birds to find optimal power and timing combinations. Researchers found that microwave exposure could effectively loosen feathers without the water waste and contamination risks of traditional scalding methods. The study established that feather release success depends on the bird's weight, microwave power level, and exposure duration.
K. M. Stürmer, H. Kehr, K. P. Schmit-Neuerburg, K. Seidel · 1978
Researchers tested whether electromagnetic fields could help heal infected bone fractures in 21 beagle dogs, comparing treated and untreated sides. While EMF treatment alone showed minimal benefit, combining it with bone grafts produced significantly more new bone growth in the fracture area.
C. H. Durney et al. · 1978
The U.S. Air Force published a comprehensive technical handbook in 1978 documenting how radiofrequency radiation interacts with human and animal bodies across frequencies from 10 MHz to 100 GHz. This military research provided mathematical models and dosimetry data for predicting RF field interactions with biological tissues. The handbook represents early institutional recognition that RF radiation penetrates and affects living systems in measurable ways.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 European Microwave Conference proceedings document covered technical advances in microwave technology, including millimeter wave applications, gallium arsenide field-effect transistors (GaAsFETs), and fuel cell systems. The conference represented a snapshot of microwave engineering developments that would later become foundational to wireless communication technologies we use today.
Hagmann J, Gandhi OP, D'Andrea JA, Chatterjee I · 1978
This 1978 study discovered that the human head acts like an antenna, resonating at 350 MHz microwave frequency and absorbing 3 times more radiation than previously thought. Researchers found that the whole body affects head absorption patterns, making isolated head models inaccurate for safety calculations.
QUIRINO BALZANO, OSCAR GARAY, FRANCIS R. STEEL · 1978
Researchers tested how much radiofrequency energy from 800 MHz portable radio transmitters gets absorbed into simulated human tissue, particularly near the head. They found that different antenna designs create "hot spots" about 1 inch below the temporal bone, with some antennas exposing the eye area to higher energy levels. The temperature increases were small enough that researchers concluded normal radio use shouldn't cause thermal tissue damage.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 government report compiled early research on nonionizing electromagnetic radiation effects across multiple biological and medical fields. The document reviewed existing studies on EMF impacts in areas ranging from aerospace medicine to toxicology, representing one of the first comprehensive assessments of EMF health research. This historical compilation provides insight into the scientific understanding of electromagnetic field effects nearly five decades ago.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 review examined the biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation across multiple medical and scientific disciplines. The comprehensive report covered aerospace medicine, toxicology, behavioral science, and other fields to assess EMF health impacts. This early systematic review helped establish the foundation for modern EMF research protocols.