EMF Research Studies

Radiat Prot Dosimetry 197(2):93-100, 2021

Unknown authors · 2021

Scaffolds and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Osteogenesis

Int J Mol Sci 22(12):6438, 2021 · 2021

Researchers fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by coating PCL-TCP films with PVDF using a modified breath-figure technique. They studied the osteoinductive properties of these scaffolds on MC3T3-E1 cells under PEMF stimulation. PEMF at 0.6 mT and 50 Hz significantly enhanced cell proliferation. PVDF coating significantly enhanced cell mineralization. The combination of PEMF and PVDF coating most significantly promoted late osteogenic gene expression.

Bioelectromagnetics 42(5):357-370, 2021

Unknown authors · 2021

In vitro study of the effects of DC electric fields on cell activities and gene expression in human choriocarcinoma cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Choriocarcinoma cells migrated cathodally in an applied electric field. Electric field stimulation caused G2/M arrest and reduced cellular proliferation. Transcriptome analysis at 150 mV/mm using RNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in ErbB and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Downstream AKT and ERK1/2 pathways showed primary activation, and the RNA sequencing results were verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR.

Comparison of effects of high- and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

Bai W, Li M, Xu W, Zhang M · 2021

Researchers obtained neural stem cells from rat hippocampus and exposed them to a low-frequency field (5 m T, 50 Hz, 30 min daily) or a high-frequency field (maximum magnetic induction 2.5 T, 40 % MO, 50 Hz, 10 min daily) with a no-field control. Low-frequency EMF also yielded the highest proportion of Tuj-1-positive cells and Tuj-1 mRNA expression, while GFAP-positive cells and GFAP mRNA did not differ among groups. The authors concluded that both EMF types promote proliferation in vitro and that low-frequency EMF accelerates differentiation into neurons.

Anterior cingulate gyrus acts as a moderator of the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms in college students

Zou L et al. · 2021

The study recruited 266 students who underwent MRI scanning. VBM analysis showed that grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate gyrus and right fusiform gyrus was inversely correlated with problematic mobile phone use. TBSS analysis found that fractional anisotropy in the body of the corpus callosum was negatively correlated with problematic mobile phone use. The grey matter volume of the anterior cingulate gyrus moderated the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms, and increased volume could reduce that relationship.

Functional and network analyses of human exposure to long-term evolution signal

Yang L, Zhang C, Chen Z, Li C, Wu T · 2021

Exposure experiments were conducted using the LTE signal. Subjects were divided into sham and real exposure groups. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after exposure. Acute LTE exposure beneath the safety limits modulated both the functional connection and graph-based properties. SAR averaged over a certain tissue mass was not an appropriate metric to characterize the effect of functional activity.

Specific electromagnetic radiation in the wireless signal range increases wakefulness in mice

Liu L et al. · 2021

Researchers exposed mice to 2.4-GHz EMR modulated by 100-Hz square pulses at a nonthermal output level. This exposure markedly increased wakefulness time in the mice. The mice also showed decreased time in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Unmodulated 2.4-GHz EMR at the same time-averaged output level had little impact on mouse sleep.

Exposure to RF-EMF Alters Postsynaptic Structure and Hinders Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Hippocampal Neurons of Early Postnatal Mice

Kim JH, Chung KH, Hwang YR, Park HR, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim HR · 2021

Researchers exposed pups and dams to whole-body RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 h per day for 4 weeks from postnatal day 1 to P28. Total dendritic spines decreased significantly in the dentate gyrus but not in CA1, while mushroom-type dendritic spines decreased significantly in both CA1 and DG. BDNF expression in CA1 and DG was significantly lower, and PSD95 puncta were significantly decreased at DIV 5, 7, and 9 after RF-EMF exposure. Neurite outgrowth length and branch number decreased significantly without soma size changes, and the memory index showed statistically significant decreases in exposed mice.

Terahertz exposure enhances neuronal synaptic transmission and oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro

Zhao X et al. · 2021

Researchers exposed mouse cortical neuron cultures to a single-frequency terahertz laser and found increased excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal firing activity. A microarray assay showed gene expression changes after terahertz exposure that matched the morphology and electrophysiology results. A specific terahertz irradiation schedule reduced oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and increased their differentiation. The myelination process was enhanced following terahertz exposure.

Melatonin enhances radiofrequency-induced NK antitumor immunity, causing cancer metabolism reprogramming and inhibition of multiple pulmonary tumor development

Li M et al. · 2021

Researchers found that combined radiofrequency ablation and melatonin treatment improved clinical outcomes for early lung cancer patients with multiple pulmonary nodules. In a mouse lung tumor model, radiofrequency ablation stimulated antitumor immunity that could inhibit tumor growth in non-ablated areas. Melatonin enhanced natural killer cell activity and worked synergistically with radiofrequency ablation. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses showed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, reduced acidification and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting reprogrammed tumor metabolism. Combined treatment also depressed MAPK, NF-kappa B, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, upregulated P53 pathway, reversed the Warburg effect, and decreased tumor malignancy.

One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant

Kundu A et al. · 2021

Researchers exposed 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants to a one-time electromagnetic irradiation at 1837.50 MHz and 2.75 mW/m2 for 2 h 30 min inside a reverberation chamber. The exposure was conducted in a controlled reverberation chamber to ensure a pure electromagnetic environment with deterministic power density.

Biological Effects of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on the Placental Barrier in Pregnant Rats

Kim HS, H-D Choi , J-K Pack, N Kim, Y H Ahn · 2021

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RF-exposed groups and exposed to RF-EMF at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 8 h/day from gestational Day 1 to 19. Maternal cortisol in circulating blood and adrenal gland was significantly higher in the RF-exposed group than in the sham group. Placental cortisol remained stable and placental 11β-HSD2 mRNA expression did not change in the RF-exposed group.

The Protective Effects of EMF-LTE against DNA Double-Strand Break Damage In Vitro and In Vivo

Jin H et al. · 2021

Researchers exposed murine melanoma B16 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells to EMF-LTE at 1.762 GHz and 8 W/kg. EMF-LTE alone did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, or induce DNA double-strand breaks. EMF-LTE reduced DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation and bleomycin in those cells and lowered γ-H2AX in mouse skin after four weeks of exposure.

An Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz Frequencies with a SMART Assay in Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2021

Effects of Microwave 10 GHz Radiation Exposure in the Skin of Rats: An Insight on Molecular Responses

Verma S et al. · 2021

The effect of 4.5 G (LTE Advanced- Pro network) mobile phone radiation on the optic nerve

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers divided rats into a sham-exposed control group and an experimental group exposed to a mobile phone with LTE-Advanced Pro network for 2 hours per day over 6 weeks. Visual evoked potential amplitudes were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Morphometric analysis showed that axonal diameter and myelin thickness were lower and the G-ratio was higher in the exposed rats. The experimental group also had significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band High-Power Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice

Unknown authors · 2021

Forty-eight male ICR mice were exposed to L-HPM at power densities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m² and brain function was examined at different time periods after exposure. Brain morphology was examined using HE and TUNEL staining, and cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers, and c-fos expression were evaluated. Exposure to L-HPM at 1.5 W/m² can cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. The deleterious effects were closely related to power density and exposure time, indicating that long-term and high-power density exposure may be detrimental to the nervous system.

Teacher Guide: Cell Phones, Wireless, and Your Health

Unknown authors · 2020

A 2018 US National Toxicology Program study of about 3,000 rats and mice exposed for two years found exposed male rats developed gliomas in the brain and schwannomas in the heart while no control rats developed these tumors. The Ramazzini Institute found the same heart schwannomas in male rats exposed to lower radiation levels. A 2011 NIH study of 47 people found 50 minutes of cell phone radiation changed brain activity near the antenna.

Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects

Unknown authors · 2020

The review carried out in this study shows that electromagnetic radiation should be considered seriously as a complementary driver for the dramatic decline in insects, acting in synergy with agricultural intensification, pesticides, invasive species and climate change. Evidence for the effects of non-thermal microwave radiation on insects has been known for at least 50 years. The extent that anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation represents a significant threat to insect pollinators is unresolved and plausible. For these reasons, and taking into account the benefits they provide to nature and humankind, the precautionary principle should be applied before any new deployment (such 5G) is considered.

Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects

Unknown authors · 2020

Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions

Kostoff et al · 2020

The article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most laboratory experiments are not designed to identify severe adverse effects reflective of real-life operating environments. The article presents evidence that 5G technology will have adverse systemic effects beyond skin and eyes.

Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis

Zhang M et al. · 2020

Induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis by a tumor suppressing magnetic field through ROS-mediated DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY)

Yuan LQ, Wang C, Lu DF, Zhao XD, Tan LH, Chen X · 2020

Researchers tested a 50 Hz electromagnetic field modulated by a static magnetic field at 5.1 mT applied for 2 hours daily over more than 3 consecutive days. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels increased shortly after exposure and remained elevated. Pronounced DNA damage and activation of DNA repair pathways were detected both in vitro and in vivo. A free radical scavenger reduced DNA damage and partially decreased cell death. The field inhibited cell proliferation and triggered both apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations

Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Liao Y, Tang C, Cai P · 2020

Researchers exposed Caenorhabditis elegans continuously to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF at 20°C across multiple generations from the egg stage. They measured body length, ATP content, ATP synthase activity, and expression of ATP synthase genes in the 15th generation adult worms. In the 15th generation, body length increased significantly, ATP content increased significantly, ATP synthase activity was significantly enhanced, and the expression of r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, and atp-3 genes was upregulated. In the 15th generation, SOD activity increased significantly and the expression of sod-1, sod-2, and sod-3 genes was upregulated.