Browse 8,655 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 1,361 studies from Glaser RF/Microwave Archive with extracted diagrams
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 government report established standardized procedures for testing microwave oven radiation leakage in the field. The document provided technical protocols for measuring electromagnetic emissions from microwave ovens to ensure they met safety standards. This represented early recognition that microwave devices required systematic monitoring for radiation exposure protection.
Gandhi OP, Hagmann MJ · 1977
This 1977 study used computer models and phantom experiments to map how radiofrequency energy is absorbed throughout the human body. Researchers found that energy absorption varies dramatically with frequency and surrounding environment, with people standing on ground absorbing seven times more RF energy than in free space.
C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
This 1977 review examined international research on microwave and radiofrequency radiation effects from 1970-1977. The study found growing evidence that electromagnetic fields can affect nervous system function in animals at power levels far below those considered harmful in Western standards. It highlighted a dramatic difference between Soviet exposure limits (0.01 mW/cm²) and US standards (10 mW/cm²).
L-E. Paulsson, Y. Hamnerius, W. G. McLean · 1977
Researchers exposed rabbit brain tissue and nerve cells to 3.1 GHz pulsed microwave radiation to test whether it could damage microtubules, the cellular structures responsible for transporting materials within cells. They found no effects on microtubule function, protein binding, or nerve transport at power levels below 4,000 watts per square meter. This suggests that microwave radiation at typical environmental levels may not directly disrupt these fundamental cellular processes.
O. BALZANO, O. GARAY, R.F. STEEL · 1977
Researchers measured how 6-watt portable radio transmitters heat simulated human tissue at different frequencies and distances. They found VHF frequencies mainly heated surface fat layers, while UHF frequencies penetrated deeper into muscle tissue. At distances greater than 2 feet, temperature increases were minimal.
Q. BALZANO, O. GARAY, R.F. STEEL · 1977
This 1977 study measured how different portable radio transmitters deposit energy in simulated biological tissue at various distances. Researchers found that VHF helical antennas primarily heated surface fat layers, while UHF quarter-wavelength antennas penetrated deeper into muscle tissue. Beyond 2 inches distance, temperature increases became negligible.
Meterless · 1977
This 1977 research explored using liquid crystal technology to monitor microwave radiation without traditional meters. The study investigated temperature-dependent liquid crystals as a way to detect and measure radiofrequency power levels. This represents early work on alternative radiation monitoring methods during the emergence of microwave technology.
DeWitt G. Hazzard, Ph.D. · 1977
This 1977 symposium documented electromagnetic radiation emissions from common consumer electronics operating below 500 MHz, including CB radios, medical devices, and household appliances. The Bureau of Radiological Health investigated three key sources - RF sealers, electrosurgical units, and CB radios - measuring their near-field radiation levels. The research highlighted widespread public exposure to RF radiation from everyday electronic products decades before modern wireless technology.
US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency · 1977
This 1977 US Army technical manual provided training on microwave and laser hazards in laboratory settings, covering electromagnetic wave safety protocols and power density measurements. The manual addressed occupational exposure risks for military personnel working with high-powered microwave equipment and antenna systems. It represents early military recognition of electromagnetic field health hazards requiring formal safety training.
M. D. Grossi, G. Colombo · 1977
NASA studied a proposed space-based solar power system that would beam 10 gigawatts of microwave energy to Earth at 2.3 GHz. By retuning to 22.2 GHz (water absorption frequency), the system could deliver power densities of 100-1000 watts per square meter to Earth's surface. The study explored how this intense microwave beam could modify weather patterns by heating atmospheric water vapor.
C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
This 1977 review examined international research on microwave and radiofrequency radiation effects, comparing Western and Soviet findings. While Western studies focused mainly on heating effects, Soviet research documented nervous system impacts at much lower power levels. The review highlighted a 1,000-fold difference in safety standards between countries.
Howard I. Bassen, William A. Herman · 1977
This 1977 technical study developed precise methods for measuring microwave power density in laboratory settings using specialized antennas and chambers. Researchers achieved measurement accuracy within 0.56 dB at 2450 MHz and 0.76 dB at 915 MHz frequencies. The work established calibration standards for equipment used to measure microwave exposure levels.
Eggert, S., Goltz, S., Kupfer, J. · 1977
This 1977 East German technical report documented the development of a specialized meter designed to measure the electrical component of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in near-field conditions. The research focused on creating measurement tools for RF field assessment, representing early technical work in electromagnetic field monitoring capabilities during the Cold War era.
O. BALZANO, O. GARAY, R.F. STEEL · 1977
This 1977 study measured how 6-watt portable radio transmitters heat simulated body tissue at different distances. Researchers found that VHF frequencies primarily heated surface fat layers, while UHF frequencies penetrated deeper into muscle tissue, with heating effects becoming negligible beyond 2 inches from the device.
A. MAMOUNI, F. BLIOT, Y. LEROY, Y. MOSCHETTO · 1977
This 1977 study developed improved methods for measuring temperature and microwave properties of biological tissues using radiometers. Researchers found that traditional temperature measurements can be inaccurate because the microwave signals depend on the material's temperature, electrical properties, and thickness. They created new techniques to measure both temperature and microwave characteristics more accurately in biological materials.
C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
This 1977 review examined international research on biological effects from microwave and radiofrequency radiation exposure. The study found emerging evidence supporting Soviet claims that RF fields can affect nervous system function in animals at power levels below what Western standards considered harmful. The review highlighted a massive gap between Soviet exposure limits (0.01 mW/cm²) and U.S. standards (10 mW/cm²).
C. H. Dodget, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
This 1977 review examined international research on microwave and radiofrequency radiation effects, comparing Western and Soviet findings. The study found emerging evidence that electromagnetic fields could affect nervous system function in animals at power levels below those causing heating, supporting some Soviet claims about biological effects at low exposure levels.
J. C. Corelli, R. J. Gutmann, S. Kohazi, J. Levy · 1977
Researchers exposed E. coli bacteria to microwave radiation at frequencies between 2.6-4.0 GHz for 10-12 hours at power levels of 20 mW/cm². They found no effects on the bacteria's ability to form colonies or changes in their molecular structure. This suggests these particular microwave frequencies at this power level don't damage this strain of bacteria.
C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
This 1977 Navy-funded review examined international research on microwave and radiofrequency radiation effects from 1970-1977. The authors found emerging Western evidence supporting Soviet claims that EMF can affect nervous system function at power levels below what causes heating. The review highlighted a massive gap between US exposure limits (10 mW/cm²) and Soviet limits (0.01 mW/cm²).
A. E. Crawford · 1977
Researchers tested microwave radiation on clover and alfalfa seeds to reduce hard seed coats. They discovered a critical energy threshold where toxicity rapidly increases, with this threshold remaining consistent across different plant varieties.
A. Bruner · 1977
This 1977 military study examined approximately 600 workers exposed to electromagnetic pulses (EMP) at simulator facilities over several years. Comprehensive annual physical examinations and medical surveillance found no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure within a 10-year observation period.
D. R. McNiven, D. J. Wyper · 1976
Researchers tested different therapies on human muscle blood flow and found microwave therapy dramatically increased circulation by nearly 300% (from 2.9 to 11.4 ml/100g/min). Other treatments like infrared, ice, massage, and electromagnetic therapy showed no significant effects. This demonstrates microwaves have unique biological effects on human circulation.
R. A. Tell · 1976
This 1976 technical report measured radio frequency field intensities directly around FM broadcast station antennas to understand actual exposure levels. The study documented RF field strengths in areas where people might be present near these powerful transmission facilities. This type of measurement work helps establish safety guidelines for workers and the public around broadcast infrastructure.
D. H. SHINN · 1976
This 1976 study examined how powerful microwave antennas create hazardous radiation zones that can ignite fires, cause explosions, and potentially harm biological systems. Researchers developed a graphical method to map these dangerous areas around communication and radar installations. The work established early safety protocols for preventing human exposure near high-power microwave transmitters.
Г. Д. Антимоний et al. · 1976
Soviet researchers in 1976 studied how extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affected self-stimulation behavior in rats. This early research examined whether EMF exposure could alter reward-seeking behaviors in laboratory animals. The study contributes to understanding how electromagnetic fields might influence brain function and behavioral responses.