J. D. Hardy, D. Murgatroyd
This military research examined how humans respond to high-intensity thermal radiation, measuring pain thresholds, skin temperature changes, and tissue damage in military personnel. The study investigated the biological effects of intense heat exposure on human subjects. This research provides foundational data on thermal radiation's impact on human tissue, relevant to understanding how electromagnetic energy affects the body.
Unknown authors
This technical report examined occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields among workers near power lines and those using video display terminals (VDTs), focusing on potential links to leukemia and reproductive health effects. The research addressed workplace EMF exposure levels and associated health risks in occupational settings. This type of occupational health research helps establish safety guidelines for workers routinely exposed to EMF sources.
Bill Rados
This study examined video display terminals (VDTs) for various types of radiation emissions including X-rays, radiofrequency, microwave, and ultrasound. The research found that VDTs passed medical safety tests, indicating radiation levels were within acceptable limits. This work contributed to early workplace safety standards for computer monitors.
Vogt, A.
This early research by Vogt measured how infrared radiation passes through different parts of the human eye, including the eyeball itself, its internal structures, and the eyelid. The study examined the eye's transparency to infrared energy, which is relevant to understanding how electromagnetic radiation interacts with one of our most sensitive organs. This foundational work helped establish how the eye responds to non-visible electromagnetic radiation.
Clinton Cox, William E. Murray, Jr., Edward P. Foley, Jr.
This NIOSH technical report examined radiofrequency radiation exposures from RF dielectric heat sealers in workplace settings. The study focused on occupational health risks, particularly potential effects on reproductive functions from these industrial heating devices. This research contributes to understanding how workers may be affected by high-power RF equipment used in manufacturing.
Rutger Wever
This research by Wever examined how electric fields influence human circadian rhythms, the internal biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles and other daily functions. The study investigated whether exposure to electric fields can act as a zeitgeber (external time cue) that affects our natural 24-hour biological patterns. This research is significant because it explores how man-made electromagnetic environments might disrupt our fundamental biological timing systems.
C. J. Chilton
This review examined research on biological radio communication, exploring whether humans and other organisms might naturally transmit or receive electromagnetic signals. The study investigated concepts like telepathy, biocurrents, and electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. While no specific findings are available, this represents early scientific inquiry into whether living beings use electromagnetic frequencies for communication.
Alan H. Frey
This technical report by A.H. Frey examined how humans respond to very-low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic energy, focusing on exposures from broadcasting stations and measuring physiological effects at various field strengths. The research documented measurable human responses to VLF electromagnetic fields, contributing early evidence that extremely low frequency EMF can produce biological effects in people.
James Greene
This study examined microwave diathermy, a medical treatment that uses microwave radiation to generate therapeutic heat deep within body tissues. The research explored how controlled microwave exposure can provide healing benefits through targeted tissue heating. This medical application demonstrates that microwaves can produce measurable biological effects in human tissue.
Peter W. Barber et al.
Researchers used computer models to study how microwave radiation penetrates different layers of human tissue (skin, fat, muscle). They discovered that the body's layered structure creates a resonance effect at 1.8 GHz, causing 34% more radiation absorption than previously predicted by simpler models.
Habib Massoudi, Carl H. Durney, Curtis C. Johnson
Researchers compared two mathematical models for calculating specific absorption rate (SAR) - how much radiofrequency energy human and monkey bodies absorb from electromagnetic waves. They found that both the 'conductor' and 'dielectric' models produce similar SAR calculations when tissues have high electrical conductivity, but the conductor model becomes inaccurate at low conductivity levels.
Hubert Fischer, Horst Müller
This early research paper examined whether radar waves pose health risks to humans, addressing growing concerns about microwave radiation exposure from radar systems. The study investigated the biological effects of radar-frequency electromagnetic fields on human health. This represents important foundational research into radar safety that helped establish early understanding of microwave radiation's potential health impacts.
R. J. Lindquist
This research by R.J. Lindquist examined galvanism, the therapeutic use of direct electrical current applied to the human body. The study investigated how galvanic current creates ion transfer effects and potential therapeutic benefits when electrical current flows through body tissues.
D.M. Deffenbaugh, R.J. Spiegel, J.R. Mann
Researchers developed a sophisticated computer model to predict how the human body heats up when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The model divided the body into thousands of small cells with different tissue properties and calculated thermal responses including metabolism, blood flow, and sweating. This represents an important advance in understanding how EMF exposure translates into measurable biological effects.
Marcia Lowery, Kenneth Dobbie
This research investigated suspected burns from diathermy equipment, which uses radiofrequency energy for medical procedures. The study examined cases where patients may have suffered thermal injuries from RF-based medical devices. This highlights the potential for RF energy to cause tissue damage when exposure levels are high enough.
Martin L. Meltz
This study presents a proposal for a comprehensive system to track and document occupational chemical exposures while protecting both workers and employers. The author outlines a framework that would require minimal government oversight and low costs while providing crucial exposure data to healthcare providers and researchers for identifying health risks.
John F. Davis et al.
This technical paper describes the development of equipment to measure tiny electrical responses in the brain that occur after stimulation. The research focused on creating better methods to detect these weak brain signals, which are normally hidden beneath electrical noise at the scalp surface.
Unknown authors
Researchers used thermal imaging to measure how much radiofrequency energy human head models absorbed when exposed to 100 watts of 456.65 MHz radiation from an antenna. They found that head position and orientation significantly affected how much energy was deposited in the tissue, with peak absorption rates varying by location.
Unknown authors
This fourth annual international symposium brought together researchers to examine environmental factors affecting human health and disease. The conference provided a platform for presenting research on how environmental exposures, including electromagnetic fields, impact human biology. These symposiums help establish the scientific foundation for understanding environmental health risks.
Unknown authors
This technical report compared different electromagnetic field exposure standards used by various organizations including ANSI, NIOSH, and Soviet authorities. The analysis examined how different countries and agencies set safety limits for radiofrequency radiation, focusing on power density measurements and specific absorption rates. Understanding these regulatory differences helps explain why EMF safety standards vary dramatically worldwide.
Unknown authors
Researchers developed a system using radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to heat ferromagnetic implants placed in brain tumors, creating localized hyperthermia for cancer treatment. The study found that frequencies below 2 MHz effectively heated 1-2mm implants to create temperature differences greater than 4°C within 1 cm of the implant site. This targeted heating approach aims to treat aggressive brain cancers like glioblastoma by making tumor cells more vulnerable to radiation therapy.
Richard A. Tell
This analysis examined how radiofrequency and microwave radiation heats human tissue across different frequencies, focusing on thermal safety standards. The research identified a critical frequency range of 10-1000 MHz where RF absorption can create whole-body heating several times greater than normal metabolic heat production. The study found that current U.S. safety standards may allow exposures that significantly exceed the body's natural thermal baseline.
Unknown authors
This technical report provides standardized definitions for radiofrequency and microwave electromagnetic radiation, establishing the scientific framework for understanding these energy forms. The document addresses biological effects and health hazards associated with RF exposure, serving as a reference for researchers and regulators evaluating electromagnetic radiation safety.
A. D. Golenberg et al.
Soviet researchers documented their clinical experience using microwave therapy as a medical treatment, combining it with other therapeutic approaches like balneotherapy (water-based treatments). This study represents early medical applications of microwave energy for healing purposes, contrasting with modern concerns about microwave exposure risks.
Unknown authors
Researchers investigated how CB radio antennas operating at 27 MHz create electromagnetic fields that couple with the human body when operators are in close proximity. The study examined both the electric fields generated inside a human body model and how this coupling affects the antenna's electrical properties. This research addresses growing public health concerns about CB radio exposure, particularly given the popularity of these devices and evidence that some operators use illegally high power levels.
