Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
The study included 3050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the H-EPESE study, and severe cognitive dysfunction was defined as an MMSE score below 10. Occupational extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure was classified using a methodology from earlier studies. Univariate odds ratios were 3.4 for high exposure and 1.7 for medium or high exposure, with similar results in multivariate models. Interactions between medium/high or high exposure and smoking history or age group were statistically significant, particularly for those aged 75 and older. The authors concluded that high or medium/high occupational exposure may increase the risk of severe cognitive dysfunction, and that smoking and older age may increase the deleterious effect.
Movvahedi MM et al. · 2014
Researchers enrolled 60 elementary school children aged 8 to 10 years in Shiraz, Iran. They used standardized computer-based tests of visual reaction time and short-term memory modified for children. Each test was repeated ten times in both real and sham exposure phases with a 30 min interval between phases. After a 10 min talk period, mean short-term memory scores were higher than after sham exposure (P = 0.030). Mean reaction times did not differ significantly between talk and sham exposure (P = 0.629).
Lv B, Su C, Yang L, Xie Y, Wu T · 2014
Researchers recruited ten subjects for a crossover, double-blind experiment with real and sham LTE EMF exposure sessions. Each session involved 30 minutes of LTE EMF exposure (power on or off) while EEG signals were recorded from 32 channels. The study found that short-term LTE EMF exposure modulated synchronization patterns of EEG activation across the whole brain.
Van Den Bossche M, Verloock L, Aerts S, Joseph W, Martens L. · 2014
The authors investigated smart boards and touchscreens, energy-saving bulbs, fluorescent lamps, a portable hearing unit, and an electrosurgical unit. For most of these sources, the electric field was the dominating quantity. Magnetic field strengths up to 1.8 A/m near the electrosurgical unit and 10.5 A/m near the portable hearing unit were measured. Compliance distances for the general public ranged from 15.3 cm for touchscreens to 25 cm for fluorescent lamps.
Urbinello D, Huss A, Beekhuizen J, Vermeulen R, Röösli M. · 2014
Researchers used portable exposure meters to evaluate sources of data variability and repeatability of daily measurements. Exposure from mobile phone base stations ranged from 0.30 to 0.53 V/m in downtown and business areas and from 0.09 to 0.41 V/m in residential areas. Analysis of variance showed measurements were highly reproducible across days, with measurement day explaining 0.6% of variance, measurement time 0.2%, while area type explained 30% and city 50%.
Tas M et al. · 2014
The study used 14 adult Wistar Albino rats divided into sham and exposure groups of seven each. Exposed rats received 900 MHz RF radiation from a GSM signal generator for 3 hours per day, 7 days a week, for one year. No differences were found in sperm motility or concentration between groups. Exposed rats had higher rates of morphologically normal sperm but lower tunica albuginea thickness and Johnsen testicular biopsy scores.
Sunohara T, Hirata A, Laakso I, Onishi T · 2014
Sannino A et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes from four healthy donors to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields at 0.3 W/kg for 20 hours, then challenged them with 1.0 or 1.5 Gy X-irradiation. After 72 hours of culture, they measured micronuclei incidence and found a significant decrease in micronuclei in cells exposed to both radiofrequency fields and X-rays compared to X-rays alone. The results suggested a radiofrequency-induced adaptive response and resistance to subsequent X-ray damage, though variability between donors was observed.
Roivainen P, Eskelinen T, Jokela K, Juutilainen J · 2014
Researchers measured intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields at cashiers' seats in Finnish stores. At the cashier's seat, IF magnetic fields ranged from 0.2 to 4 µT and ELF magnetic fields ranged from 0.03 to 4.5 µT, both well below exposure limits. However, when cashiers walked through EAS gates, peak IF fields reached up to 189 µT, exceeding the ICNIRP occupational reference level of 141 µT.
Qin F et al. · 2014
Le Quément C et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed human skin cell lines to 60.4 GHz millimeter waves at incident power densities ranging from 1 to 20 mW/cm(2). The expression of ER stress sensors BIP and ORP150 was examined by real-time RT-PCR. MMW radiation did not change basal levels of BIP or ORP150 mRNA across any cell line, exposure duration, or power density. At 20 mW/cm(2), MMW exposure inhibited thapsigargin-induced overexpression of BIP and ORP150. This inhibition was attributed to thermal effects from the MMW exposure.
Koyama S et al. · 2014
Researchers examined the effect of 2.45-GHz radiofrequency fields at SARs of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 hours on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by radiofrequency field exposure, and phagocytosis was not affected either compared with sham exposure conditions. Exposure at an SAR under 10 W/kg showed very little or no effects on either chemotaxis or phagocytosis.
Jirillo E et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed 108 samples of human leukocytes from healthy donors to electromagnetic radiation at different intensities using a reverberation chamber. Exposure times ranged from 5 minutes to 24 hours, and sham-exposed blood samples from the same donors served as controls. In 68% of the 108 cases, an increase in leukocyte cell area was found along with morphological changes, while in 14% a decrease in cell area was observed. In 18% of cases, no effects dependent on the radiation were detected.
Habauzit D et al. · 2014
Researchers used a whole gene expression approach to assess the effect of acute 60 GHz exposure on primary cultures of human keratinocytes. Exposure led to an increase of temperature and a strong modification of keratinocyte gene expression, with 665 genes differentially expressed. When temperature was artificially kept constant, no modification in gene expression was observed after millimeter wave exposure. A heat shock control did not mimic exactly the millimeter wave effect, suggesting a slight but specific electromagnetic effect under hyperthermia conditions, with 34 genes differentially expressed.
Dasdag S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 3 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 12 months to study effects on microRNA in brain tissue. The study found that rno-miR107 was decreased in exposed rats, while rno-miR-9-5p, rno-miR-29a-3p, rno-miR-106b-5p, and rno-miR-125a-3p were not altered.
Dasdag S, Taş M, Akdag MZ, Yegin K. · 2014
The study used Wistar Albino adult male rats divided into a sham group and an exposure group, with rats in the exposure group exposed to 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation for 24 hours a day during 12 months. Sperm head defects increased in the exposed group, and weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubule diameter, and tunica albuginea thickness all decreased. Other measured parameters did not show statistically significant differences between the groups.
Choi SB, Kwon MK, Chung JW, Park JS, Chung K, Kim DW. · 2014
Two volunteer groups of 26 adults and 26 teenagers were simultaneously investigated by measuring physiological changes in heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability for autonomic nervous system (ANS), eight subjective symptoms, and perception of RF-EMFs during sham and real exposure sessions. Short-term WCDMA RF-EMFs generated no significant changes in ANS, subjective symptoms, or the percentages of those who believed they were being exposed in either group.
Spasić S, Kesić S, Stojadinović G, Petković B, Todorović D. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF, 2 mT) and an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF, 50 Hz, 2 mT) on neuronal population activity in adult longhorn beetles Morimus funereus. The effects of prolonged and repeated ELF MF exposure on local field potentials were irreversible within the investigated time frame. The researchers did not prove with the methods used that exposure to the SMF for 5 min produces any effects on neuronal population activity.
Gao X, Wang X, Chen F, Qi H, Wang X, Ming D, Zhou P. · 2014
Researchers conducted magnetic stimulation experiments at 1 Hz and 10 mT for 20 minutes and analyzed spontaneous EEG activity from 10 subjects. Compared with a sham exposure group, EEG power in the theta band (3.5-7.5 Hz) and lower-alpha band (7.5-10 Hz) increased significantly after magnetic stimulation. In an auditory oddball task, the latency period of P300 extended and its amplitude decreased.
Ozgur E et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed adult male guinea pigs to GSM-modulated radio frequency radiation at an average whole body SAR of 0.4 W/kg for 10 or 20 minutes daily for seven consecutive days. The study measured protein oxidation, advanced oxidation protein products, and superoxide dismutase activity in liver tissue, and also tested NAC and EGCG as potential protective treatments. SOD activity significantly decreased after radio frequency radiation exposure, but protein damage did not change. NAC treatment alone increased PCO levels, and EGCG treatment alone elevated AOPP levels.
Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2014
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50-Hz, 100-μT magnetic field for 24 hours, followed by a 3-hour exposure to menadione. The study aimed to investigate cellular changes occurring during the first 24 hours of magnetic field exposure and whether those changes could lead to genomic instability in the progeny of exposed cells. Magnetic field exposure was associated with increased micronuclei at 8 and 15 days after exposure, increased mitochondrial activity at 8 days, and increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation at 15 days. The researchers suggest that magnetic field exposure disturbs oxidative balance immediately after exposure, and that persistently elevated levels of micronuclei were found in the progeny of exposed cells.
Deng B et al. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of sevoflurane on brain injury caused by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure in rats and in cultured neurons. Rats were exposed to EMP and immediately treated with sevoflurane, and their brain tissue and behavior were assessed. Sevoflurane alleviated neuronal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and reduced learning and memory deficits caused by EMP exposure. In cell experiments, EMP exposure reduced cell viability and increased LDH release, and sevoflurane treatment ameliorated these effects.
Shafiei SA, Firoozabadi SM, Tabatabaie KR, Ghabaee M. · 2014
Researchers investigated how extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) applied to different parts of the brain changed EEG power spectrum readings. EEG relative power spectrum was evaluated at several brain points when exposed to magnetic fields at 45, 17, 10, 5, and 3 Hz frequencies, at intensities of 0, 100, 240, or 360 μT across four sessions. Significant changes were observed in different EEG bands, and some exposures decreased the alpha band in frontal and central areas in the closed-eyes state.
Reale M et al. · 2014
Researchers evaluated the effects of an electromagnetic wave at a magnetic field intensity of 1 mT and a frequency of 50-Hz on human SH-SY5Y cells, a well-characterized immortalized neuronal cell model. ELF-EMF exposure elevated the expression of NOS and O2−, which were countered by compensatory changes in antioxidant catalase activity and enzymatic kinetic parameters related to CYP-450 and CAT activity. Cytokine gene expression was additionally evaluated and found rapidly modified by ELF-EMF exposure. When co-exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, ELF-EMF proved not as well counteracted, resulting in a decline in CAT activity and a rise in O2− levels.
Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers studied whether an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brains of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days, and oxidative stress markers were measured in the forebrain cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF showed increased oxidative stress on the 7th day after reperfusion, but to a lesser extent than ischemic or ELF-MF-exposed animals alone, and by the 14th day their oxidative stress parameters were mostly at control levels. The results indicate a beneficial effect of ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) in the model of global cerebral ischemia.
