Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014
Researchers used ninety male rats, aged 3 months, to investigate how different intensities and durations of extremely low-frequency electric fields affected brain responses and oxidative damage. Rats were exposed to 12-kV/m and 18-kV/m electric fields for 2 or 4 weeks, and mismatch negativity (MMN) responses were recorded in anesthetized rats using electrodes placed on the dura. MMN amplitude was significantly decreased in the E18-4 group compared with the C4 group, and 4-HNE was increased in all experimental groups compared with the control group. The researchers concluded that the electric field decreased MMN amplitudes, possibly induced by lipid peroxidation.
Giorgi G et al. · 2014
Researchers investigated whether pulsed magnetic field exposure could interfere with DNA damage and repair in human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells under oxidative stress. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide and exposed to a pulsed magnetic field at 1 mT and 50 Hz, and DNA double strand breaks were tracked using gamma-H2AX foci formation at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results suggest that pulsed magnetic field exposure does not interfere with genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress.
Schneider J, Stangassinger M · 2014
Researchers exposed male and female rats continuously to either 900-MHz GSM or 1.966-GHz UMTS electromagnetic fields at 0.4 W/kg. Memory was assessed using a social discrimination procedure, with differences in sniffing duration to familiar and novel juvenile rats used as the measure. EMF-exposed females showed no differences in sniffing duration compared with controls, but sniffing durations of EMF-exposed males at 3 months of age were significantly affected. At 6 months of age, GSM-exposed male adults showed a memory performance deficit, but UMTS-exposed males did not.
Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. · 2014
Cetin H et al. · 2014
Researchers divided thirty-two rats and their offspring into three groups: a control group, a 900 MHz group, and an 1800 MHz group, with the two exposed groups receiving electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day during pregnancy and neonatal development. Brain and liver glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as liver vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations, decreased in the exposed groups. Brain iron, vitamin A, and beta-carotene concentrations increased in the exposed groups, and by the sixth week, selenium concentrations in the brain decreased in the exposed groups. There were no statistically significant differences in glutathione, vitamin E, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc concentrations between the three groups.
West et al · 2013
Researchers reported a case series of four young women aged 21 to 39 with multifocal invasive breast cancer. All patients regularly carried smartphones directly against their breasts in their brassieres for up to 10 hours a day over several years and developed tumors in the breast areas immediately underlying the phones. Pathology showed that all tumors were hormone-positive, low-intermediate grade, had an extensive intraductal component, and shared near identical morphology.
Hardell et al · 2013
Researchers pooled data from both study periods of acoustic neuroma, including 316 cases and 3,530 controls. Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, year of diagnosis, and socio-economic index. Analogue mobile phone use gave an odds ratio of 2.9, which increased to 7.7 with latency greater than 20 years. Digital 2G mobile phone use gave an odds ratio of 1.5, increasing to 1.8 with latency over 15 years. Cordless phone use gave an odds ratio of 1.5, rising to 6.5 with latency over 20 years.
Unknown authors · 2013
Fifteen Alzheimer's patients were randomly assigned to receive 1-hour daily rTMS combined with cognitive training or sham treatment five sessions per week for six weeks followed by biweekly sessions for three months. The primary outcome was improvement in cognitive score. After six weeks the treatment group improved 3.76 points on ADAS-cog versus 0.47 in placebo (P=0.04), and after 4.5 months improved 3.52 points versus a worsening of 0.38 (P=0.05). Clinical Global Impression of Change scores improved in the treatment group compared to mild worsening in placebo at both time points (P=0.05 each). Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores improved non-significantly.
Unknown authors · 2013
Researchers exposed peripheral blood samples from healthy non-smoking male donors to 3T MRI electromagnetic fields for durations of 0, 22, 45, 67, and 89 minutes, with a positive control exposed to 4 Gy of cobalt-60 gamma radiation. DNA single-strand breaks were measured by the comet assay, and chromosome breakage, loss, and micronuclei formation were measured by the micronucleus test. The comet assay and micronucleus test showed no DNA damage from MRI exposure at any duration.
Unknown authors · 2013
Simon D et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed reconstructed epidermis models with and without melanocytes to 900 MHz GSM radiation at 2 mW/g for 6 hours. No changes were observed in epidermal architecture, epidermal markers, apoptotic cells, p53 induction, melanocyte location, dendricity, or melanin transfer after exposure. Loricrin and cytokeratin 14 decreased significantly at 6 hours, but all marker levels increased at 24 hours compared to 6 hours, alongside decreased 20S proteasome activity. The presence or absence of melanocytes did not affect the response of the reconstructed epidermis to exposure.
Redmayne M · 2013
The cross-sectional study recruited 373 Year 7 and 8 students with a mean age of 12.3 years from the Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants completed a questionnaire and measured their normal body-to-phone texting distances. Both cellphones and cordless phones were used by approximately 90% of students. A third of participants had already used a cordless phone for ≥ 7 years. High cellphone use was related to cellphone location at night, being woken regularly, and being tired at school.
Rago R et al. · 2013
The study enrolled healthy men and divided them into four groups based on daily mobile phone use: no use (10 men), less than two hours (16 men), two to four hours (17 men), and more than four hours (20 men). Among the men using phones more than four hours daily, researchers compared 12 who carried the phone in a trousers pocket with 8 who carried it in a shirt pocket. Conventional sperm parameters such as density, total count, morphology, and progressive motility did not differ significantly between groups. However, sperm DNA fragmentation was higher in the group using phones more than four hours per day and in those who carried the phone in a trousers pocket.
Poulsen AH et al. · 2013
Researchers followed 355,701 private mobile phone subscribers in Denmark from 1987 to 1995 through 2007. No overall increased risk was observed for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma of the head and neck. After at least 13 years of follow-up, incidence rate ratios for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma remained near unity.
Mortazavi SM, Shirazi KR, Mortazavi G · 2013
Researchers interviewed and surveyed one thousand two hundred mothers in Shiraz who were at first-term labor. Data collection included assessment of the mother's history of radiography before and during pregnancy, physical examination of the mother for height and weight, and weighing and examining the newborn for any diagnosis of disease and anomalies. The study found no statistically significant difference in mean birth weight between newborns of mothers exposed to sources such as dental radiography, mobile phones, cordless phones, and cathode ray tube (CRT) and those of non-exposed mothers. The authors state that these findings cast doubt on previous reports linking ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy to increased risk of low birth weight.
Gómez-Perretta C, Navarro EA, Segura J, Portolés M. · 2013
Researchers re-analyzed data from a 2003 study on health symptoms related to microwave exposure from mobile phone base stations. They used binary logistic regression with bootstrapping to model symptoms as a function of exposure. The symptoms most related to exposure were lack of appetite, lack of concentration, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Concerns about base stations were strongly related to trouble sleeping. The exposure variable remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
Gasmelseed A, Yunus J. · 2013
Researchers investigated the interaction of a dipole antenna with a human eye model in the presence of a metamaterial. They used a three-dimensional anatomical model of the human eye with 1.25 mm resolution. The finite difference time domain method with convolutional perfectly matched layer formulation was used. The dipole antenna operated at 900 MHz driven by a modulated Gaussian pulse.
Waldmann P et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated whether GSM 1,800 MHz radiofrequency fields cause genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Blood from 20 healthy volunteers was exposed to three specific absorption rates of 0.2, 2, and 10 W/kg and sham for 28 hours. Four genotoxicity tests were conducted, including chromosome aberration, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange, and comet assays. None of the nine endpoints showed a significant and reproducible exposure effect across the three analyzing laboratories. Positive controls showed highly significant differences from sham exposures, validating the study methods.
Gavoçi E et al. · 2013
Researchers studied the effect of static and alternating extremely low frequency magnetic fields tuned to resonance conditions for potassium on TEA-sensitive voltage-dependent outward potassium currents in the human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cell line. Currents were measured using whole-cell patch clamp before, during, and after exposure. No significant changes in potassium current density were found. The study did not confirm the IPR hypothesis for these currents under the experimental conditions.
Trunk A et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted two double-blind experiments to test effects of a 30-minute 3G UMTS mobile phone-like EMF exposure on human brain electrical activity. In the first experiment with 17 participants, spontaneous EEG spectral power was analyzed in delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands before and after exposure while subjects watched a silent documentary. In the second experiment with 26 participants, auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity were measured using a passive oddball paradigm with standard and deviant tones. No measurable effects were found on EEG spectral power in any frequency band. No significant effects were found on the amplitude and latency of ERP components including P50, N100, P200, MMN, and P3a.
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed 19 volunteers to real or sham electromagnetic fields for 3 h before sleep on three consecutive days in a double-blind design. No significant differences were found in subjective feelings, sleep stage percentages, or EEG power spectra between real and sham exposures. The researchers concluded that the exposure had no detectable effects on human sleep.
Loughran SP et al. · 2013
Researchers used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design with 22 adolescents aged 11–13 years. Participants underwent three sessions with mobile phone-like RF EMF signals at two intensities and a sham session. No clear significant effects of RF EMF exposure were found on waking EEG or cognitive performance.
Guxens M et al. · 2013
Researchers assessed the association between maternal cell phone and cordless phone use during pregnancy and teacher-reported and maternal-reported child behaviour problems at age 5. A total of 2618 children were included in the study. Prenatal cell phone use showed an increased but non-significant association with teacher-reported overall behaviour problems, without a dose-response relationship. Cordless phone use showed odds ratios below 1 or close to unity for teacher-reported overall behaviour problems. Associations with maternal-reported overall behaviour problems and specific behaviour problem subscales were non-significant.
Sudan M, Kheifets LI, Arah OA, Divan HA, Olsen J. · 2013
The study demonstrated complexities of performing a sibling analysis with a re-examination of associations between cell phone exposures and behavioral problems in the Danish National Birth Cohort. The association of behavioral problems with prenatal and postnatal exposure differed between siblings (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.69-1.66) and non-siblings (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.36-1.74). Within siblings, the association was strongest for first-born children (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 0.86-3.42) and negative for later-born children (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.31-1.25). The study included 52,680 children, including 5,441 siblings, followed up to age 7. Researchers estimated associations between cell phone exposures and behavioral problems while accounting for the random family effect among siblings.
Nyakyi CP, Mrutu SI, Sam A, Anatory J · 2013
The aim of the study was to investigate safety zone determination for wireless cellular towers. A model was developed that takes received power, transmitted power, and transmitter gain as inputs to determine safe distance. Power density and geographical location were measured using a selective radiation meter. Transmitted power, transmitter gain, and tower height were obtained from the network operator. Distance from the radiation source was calculated using the haversine formula based on geographical location.
