3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

EMF Research Studies

Browse 3,138 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from the BioInitiative Report database.

Filter Studies

Clear all filters

Showing 1,359 studies (Human Studies)

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Cognitive and physiological responses in humans exposed to a TETRA base station signal in relation to perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity.

Wallace D et al. · 2012

Researchers tested whether exposure to TETRA radio signals (used by emergency services) affects thinking ability and physical responses in people who consider themselves sensitive to electromagnetic fields. After exposing 183 participants to real and fake TETRA signals in a controlled study, they found no differences in memory, attention, heart rate, or other measured responses. This adds to evidence that radio frequency exposure at these levels doesn't produce detectable immediate effects on cognitive function or basic physiological responses.

Sleep & Circadian RhythmNo Effects Found

Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and sleep quality: a prospective cohort study.

Mohler E et al. · 2012

Swiss researchers followed 955 adults for one year to examine whether mobile phone use and everyday radiofrequency radiation exposure affects sleep quality. Using both self-reported surveys and objective measurements in bedrooms, they found no evidence that RF-EMF exposure from phones or environmental sources caused sleep disturbances or daytime sleepiness. This large study suggests that common concerns about EMF disrupting sleep may not be supported by measurable effects.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

No effects of short‐term GSM mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow measured using positron emission tomography

Kwon MS et al. · 2012

Finnish researchers used advanced brain imaging (PET scans) to measure blood flow in the brains of 15 healthy men while they were exposed to cell phone radiation at 902.4 MHz for 5 minutes. The study found no changes in brain blood flow patterns, even though the radiation did cause a slight temperature increase in the ear canals. This suggests that short-term cell phone exposure doesn't immediately alter how blood circulates through the brain.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Effects of mobile phone signals over BOLD response while performing a cognitive task

Curcio G et al. · 2012

Italian researchers used brain imaging (fMRI) to study whether 40 minutes of cell phone radiation exposure affects brain activity while people performed cognitive tasks. They compared real GSM phone signals to fake exposure and found no differences in brain activation patterns or reaction times. The study suggests that typical cell phone use doesn't produce detectable changes in brain function during cognitive tasks.

Prenatal and Postnatal Cell Phone Exposures and Headaches in Children.

Sudan M, Kheifets L, Arah O, Olsen J, Zeltzer L. · 2012

Researchers tracked over 52,000 Danish children from pregnancy through age seven to examine whether cell phone exposure increases headache risk. Children exposed to cell phones both before birth (through their mothers' use) and after birth had 30% higher odds of migraines and 32% higher odds of headache symptoms compared to unexposed children. While the study cannot prove cell phones directly cause headaches, the large population size and consistent pattern suggest a potential connection worth taking seriously.

The sound of a mobile phone ringing affects the complex reaction time of its owner.

Zajdel R et al. · 2012

Researchers tested 42 healthy students' reaction times while performing complex tasks, comparing their performance when their personal mobile phone was ringing versus when it was silent. They found that the phone's ringing sound significantly slowed reaction times by about 36 milliseconds (from 597ms to 633ms), with women showing greater impairment than men. This suggests that even the sound of a ringing phone can distract the brain enough to measurably affect cognitive performance.

Mobile phone emission increases inter-hemispheric functional coupling of electroencephalographic alpha rhythms in epileptic patients.

Vecchio F et al. · 2012

Researchers exposed 10 epilepsy patients to mobile phone radiation for 45 minutes and measured their brain waves using EEG. They found that phone radiation significantly increased the synchronization of brain wave patterns between the left and right sides of the brain in these patients, compared to both normal controls and sham exposure conditions. This suggests people with epilepsy may be more vulnerable to mobile phone radiation effects on brain function.

Mobile phone emission modulates event-related desynchronization of α rhythms and cognitive-motor performance in healthy humans.

Vecchio F et al. · 2012

Researchers exposed 11 healthy adults to cell phone radiation for 45 minutes and measured their brain waves and reaction times during cognitive tasks. After exposure, participants showed altered brain wave patterns (alpha rhythms) and faster reaction times compared to a sham exposure session. The study suggests that cell phone radiation can measurably change brain activity and cognitive performance in healthy people.

Mobile phone emissions modulate brain excitability in patients with focal epilepsy.

Tombini M et al. · 2012

Researchers exposed 10 epilepsy patients to mobile phone radiation for 45 minutes and measured brain activity using magnetic stimulation. They found that phone radiation increased brain excitability (electrical activity) in epilepsy patients, but only when the phone was held on the side of the head opposite to where their seizures originate. This suggests that mobile phone radiation affects the brains of epilepsy patients differently than healthy people.

The effect of melatonin on body mass and behaviour of rats during an exposure to microwave radiation from mobile phone.

Sokolovic D et al. · 2012

Researchers exposed rats to microwave radiation from mobile phones for 4 hours daily over 20-60 days and found the animals lost significant body weight and developed anxiety-like behaviors including agitation and irritability. When the same rats were given melatonin (a natural hormone and antioxidant), it prevented the weight loss and reduced the stress-related behaviors caused by the radiation exposure.

Effect of microwave exposure on the ovarian development of Drosophila melanogaster.

Panagopoulos DJ · 2012

Researchers exposed fruit flies to cell phone radiation (GSM) and found that exposed females developed significantly smaller ovaries compared to unexposed flies. The radiation caused DNA damage and cell death in egg chambers, disrupting normal reproductive development. This suggests that wireless radiation may interfere with reproductive processes in biological systems.

2.45-Gz wireless devices induce oxidative stress and proliferation through cytosolic Ca²⁺ influx in human leukemia cancer cells.

Nazıroğlu M, Ciğ B, Doğan S, Uğuz AC, Dilek S, Faouzi D. · 2012

Researchers exposed human leukemia cancer cells to 2.45 GHz radiation (the same frequency used by WiFi and microwaves) for periods ranging from 1 to 24 hours. They found that this radiation caused cancer cells to multiply more rapidly and triggered harmful oxidative stress by allowing excess calcium to flood into the cells. The longer the exposure, the more pronounced these effects became.

Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time.

Mortazavi SM et al. · 2012

Researchers tested 160 university students to see how 10 minutes of mobile phone exposure affected their visual reaction times (how quickly they could respond to what they saw on a computer screen). They found that students reacted about 9 milliseconds faster after real phone exposure compared to fake exposure. The researchers suggest this faster reaction time might actually be beneficial, potentially reducing accidents by helping people respond more quickly to hazards.

Occupational exposure of dentists to electromagnetic fields produced by magnetostrictive cavitrons alters the serum cortisol level

Mortazavi SM et al. · 2012

Iranian researchers studied 41 dentists and dental students, comparing cortisol levels (a stress hormone) between those who used magnetostrictive dental scalers and those who didn't. They found that dentists exposed to the electromagnetic fields from these common dental tools had significantly lower cortisol levels by the end of their workday. This matters because cortisol helps regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular function, and immune system response, so chronically low levels could affect health.

The Heritability and Genetic Correlates of Mobile Phone Use: A Twin Study of Consumer Behavior.

Miller G, Zhu G, Wright MJ, Hansell NK, Martin, NG · 2012

Australian researchers studied 1,036 teenage twins to understand whether mobile phone use patterns are influenced by genetics. They found that how often teens make calls and send texts is significantly heritable (34-60% genetic influence), with family environment playing a smaller role. The study also revealed genetic links between heavier phone use and personality traits like extraversion, while showing negative correlations with intelligence.

Individual differences in the effects of mobile phone exposure on human sleep: rethinking the problem.

Loughran SP, McKenzie RJ, Jackson ML, Howard ME, Croft RJ. · 2012

Researchers exposed 20 volunteers to mobile phone emissions for 30 minutes before sleep and measured their brain activity throughout the night. They found that phone exposure increased brain wave activity in the sleep spindle frequency range during the first 30 minutes of non-REM sleep, but the effect varied significantly between individuals. This study suggests that previous research showing no effects may have missed real impacts because people respond differently to EMF exposure.

Mobile phone use and glioma risk: comparison of epidemiological study results with incidence trends in the United States.

Little MP et al. · 2012

Researchers compared cancer registry data from 1992-2008 with predictions based on two major studies that found increased brain cancer (glioma) risk from mobile phone use. They found that actual brain cancer rates remained steady during this period, even as mobile phone use increased from nearly 0% to almost 100% of the US population. This suggests the higher cancer risks reported in one Swedish study may not reflect real-world population-level impacts.

A population-based case-control study of radiofrequency exposure in relation to childhood neoplasm.

Li CY, Liu CC, Chang YH, Chou LP, Ko MC. · 2012

Taiwanese researchers analyzed cancer rates in over 2,600 children living near cell phone towers, comparing them to nearly 78,000 healthy children. They found that children living in areas with higher radiofrequency radiation from cell towers had a 13% increased risk of developing cancer overall. While the increased risk for specific cancers like leukemia and brain tumors wasn't statistically significant, the pattern suggests concern about long-term exposure to tower radiation.

Specific Absorption Rate Evaluation for Passengers Using Wireless Communication Devices inside Vehicles with Different Handedness, Passenger Counts, and Seating Locations.

Leung S, Diao Y, Chan K, Siu Y, Wu Y. · 2012

Researchers used computer modeling to measure how much radiofrequency energy (SAR) people absorb when using mobile phones inside vehicles versus outdoors. They found that phone users in cars absorb 5% more energy than in open spaces, and surprisingly, even passengers not using phones can absorb significant energy depending on where they sit and how many people are in the car.

Reported functional impairments of electrohypersensitive Japanese: A questionnaire survey.

Kato Y, Johansson O. · 2012

Researchers surveyed 75 people in Japan who reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), a condition where individuals experience symptoms they attribute to EMF exposure from devices like cell phones and base stations. The study found that 85% reported severe fatigue, 81% experienced memory and concentration problems, and many had to make major life changes including job loss and relocating to avoid EMF sources. Most participants (65%) reported feeling sick from other people's mobile phones on public transportation, highlighting the profound social and economic impacts of this condition.

Poor-to-moderate agreement between self and proxy interviews of mobile phone use.

Hutter HP, Ehrenhöfer L, Freuis E, Hartl P, Kundi M. · 2012

Researchers studied how accurately people can report their partner's cell phone usage habits by having 119 couples fill out questionnaires about both their own and their partner's phone use. They found that partners were only moderately accurate (55% agreement) when estimating usage duration and were particularly poor at knowing which side of the head their partner held the phone during calls (accuracy only slightly better than guessing). This matters because many health studies rely on family members to provide phone usage information when patients are too ill to respond themselves.

[Increased occurrence of nuclear cataract in the calf after erection of a mobile phone base station].

Hässig M, Jud F, Spiess B. · 2012

Swiss researchers investigated a dairy farm where calves developed nuclear cataracts (clouding of the eye lens) at unusually high rates after a cell tower was installed nearby. They found calves born at this farm had a 3.5 times higher risk of severe cataracts compared to the national average, after ruling out common causes like infections or poisoning. While the researchers couldn't definitively prove the cell tower caused the cataracts, they couldn't identify any other explanation for the dramatic increase.

Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones and Survival of Patients with Glioma.

Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2012

Swedish researchers followed 1,251 brain tumor patients for over a decade to see if wireless phone use affected their survival after diagnosis. They found that patients with glioma (a type of brain tumor) who used mobile or cordless phones for more than 10 years had a 20% higher risk of dying compared to non-users. The effect was strongest for the most aggressive type of brain tumor (glioblastoma), where long-term phone users had a 30% higher death rate.

Effects of radiofrequency radiation on human ferritin: an in vitro enzymun assay.

Fattahi-Asl J et al. · 2012

Researchers exposed human blood serum samples to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz for 30 minutes and found that ferritin levels (a protein that stores iron in the body) decreased significantly compared to unexposed samples. The exposed samples showed ferritin levels drop from 87.25 to 84.94 micrograms per liter, a statistically significant 2.6% reduction. This suggests that cell phone radiation may interfere with iron storage proteins in blood, potentially affecting how our bodies manage iron metabolism.

How does long term exposure to base stations and mobile phones affect human hormone profiles?

Eskander EF, Estefan SF, Abd-Rabou AA. · 2012

Researchers in Egypt studied how long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation from cell phones and cell towers affects hormone levels in people. They found significant decreases in multiple critical hormones, including stress hormones (ACTH and cortisol), thyroid hormones, and reproductive hormones like testosterone and prolactin. This suggests that chronic RF exposure may disrupt the body's delicate hormonal balance, particularly affecting the pituitary-adrenal system that controls stress response and metabolism.

Browse by Health Effect