Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers assessed ELF-MF exposure in 21 welders using personal dosimeters and compared micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequencies in their lymphocytes to 21 matched controls. The exposed welders had a significantly higher micronuclei frequency (6.10±0.39) than controls (4.45±0.30), and this increase showed a dose-response relationship with ELF-MF exposure levels. Sister chromatid exchange frequency was significantly lower in exposed welders (3.73±0.21) than in controls (4.89±0.12). Replication indices did not differ between exposed and control groups. The authors concluded that the correlation between genotoxic assays and ELF-MF exposure was partially supported, especially for micronuclei, and recommended a larger study.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers monitored ELF-MF exposure in 543 workers for 2 days using personal meters and calculated time-weighted average levels at work, at home and outside the home. Median exposure at work, at home and outside the home were 0.14, 0.03 and 0.05 μT, respectively. Occupational exposure accounted for about 60% of 24-h exposure. A job-exposure matrix based on the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 88) was created and showed that about 50% of the classified occupations included significantly different individual TWAs. The frequent occurrence of workers with different TWA included under the same job title highlights the risk of misclassification in epidemiological studies on ELF-MF effects based on JEM.
Unknown authors · 2011
Average environmental exposure was higher in clinic offices (0.55 µT) than in hospital departments (0.15 µT). Clinic dentists spent more time above 0.3 and 0.4 µT than hospital dentists.
Unknown authors · 2011
Short-term spot measurements using a Narda EFA-300 probe were conducted in two national banks and one industrial company with over 500 employees. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields up to several tens of μT were measured in these workplaces. Twenty-five percent of measurements were below 0.3 μT, while 75% were above 0.3 μT with a maximum of 6.8 μT. The mean and median personal exposures were 1.19 μT and 0.56 μT, respectively.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers analyzed singleton live births and stillbirths in metropolitan areas of Québec from 1998 to 2007, calculating residential distance to power transmission lines. They used generalized estimating equations to compute odds ratios for stillbirth across distance categories, accounting for individual and area factors. No association was found between distance and preterm stillbirth. Term stillbirth odds were higher for residences within 25 meters compared to 100 meters or more (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.45), but no dose-response pattern appeared.
Unknown authors · 2011
The study used a prospective cohort design in which 626 children were followed for up to 13 years and their mothers carried meters to measure magnetic field levels during pregnancy. After adjusting for confounders, each 1-milligauss increase in maternal magnetic field level during pregnancy was associated with a 15% higher asthma rate in offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27). When magnetic field levels were categorized, children of mothers with high exposure (>2.0 mG) had a 3.5-fold higher asthma rate compared to those with low exposure (≤0.3 mG), while medium exposure (>0.3-2.0 mG) was associated with a 74% higher rate. A statistically significant synergistic interaction was found between magnetic field exposure and maternal history of asthma and firstborn birth order.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 162 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 565 matched controls in São Paulo, Brazil. Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields was assessed by measurements inside homes and distance to power lines. For 24-hour bedroom measurements, magnetic fields of 0.3 microtesla or higher showed no increased leukemia risk compared to levels below 0.1 microtesla (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.33-3.61). Nighttime measurements gave an odds ratio of 1.52 (95% CI 0.46-5.01), while living within 200 meters of power lines gave an odds ratio of 1.67 (95% CI 0.49-5.75) and within 50 meters an odds ratio of 3.57 (95% CI 0.41-31.44).
Reid A et al · 2011
Researchers conducted an Australian case–control study of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children aged under 15 years and asked parents about tasks they undertook in each job. Exposure variables were created for any occupational exposure before the birth of the child, in jobs 2 years before birth, in jobs 1 year before birth and up to 1 year after birth. There was no association between maternal (odds ratio (OR)=0.96; 95% CI=0.74–1.25) or paternal (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.56–1.09) exposure to ELF any time before the birth and risk of childhood ALL.
Unknown authors · 2011
Over eight years, the VINČA Institute performed spot broadband measurements of ELF and RF fields in over 35 Serbian municipalities. The study was motivated by public requests for information about exposure levels in living spaces. Measured values in households under overhead power lines were far below the recommended safe levels.
Unknown authors · 2011
The Health Council of the Netherlands examined whether exposure limits should shift from specific absorption rate to a maximum allowable temperature increase. The council evaluated this change across six criteria including consistency, applicability, and causality. The council concluded that changing the dosimetric quantity would not advance the debate on non-thermal effects from long-duration, low-intensity exposure. The council recommended keeping the current system of basic restrictions and reference levels expressed as SAR and in V/m or µT.
Unknown authors · 2011
The comment appeared in the International Journal of Epidemiology in August 2011. It addresses social and economic patterning in the Interphone study. The comment references earlier Interphone study publications from June and August 2010.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers examined trends in newly diagnosed brain cancer cases in England between 1998 and 2007. No overall time trends in brain cancer incidence were observed for either gender or any age group. Small increases in temporal lobe cancer rates were seen in men and women, while rates for parietal lobe, cerebrum, and cerebellum cancers decreased in men.
Unknown authors · 2011
The commentary states the Interphone Study used a case-control design with recall of past exposures that had substantial inaccuracy. It also notes the study had low participation rates. The author questions the wisdom of this design choice. The commentary argues funding should have been used for a large-scale cohort study that could examine endpoints beyond cancer.
Unknown authors · 2011
The random sample consisted of 34 people who were supplied with a personal exposure meter for seven consecutive days and kept a time-location-activity diary. A total of 225,414 electric field strength measurements were recorded in 12 different RF bands. Summary statistics were calculated with the robust regression on order statistics method. The study found evidence for statistically significant variability of individual RF exposure across days of the week, though the relative magnitude of the differences observed was small. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and determine whether day of the week is an important determinant for inclusion in individual RF exposure prediction models.
Unknown authors · 2011
Typical general public exposures around mobile radio service base stations consume only tiny fractions of exposure levels. Mobile phones cause higher exposures to the user than base stations. Both base stations and mobile phones apply power control mechanisms that can significantly reduce transmit power and exposure.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
The authors used two Danish nationwide cohort studies covering 2.9 million adults and followed them for vestibular schwannoma up to 2006. A subscription of 11 years or more was not associated with higher risk in men (relative risk 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.46), and no cases occurred in long-term female subscribers versus 1.6 expected. Tumors did not appear more often on the right side of the head, nor were they larger in long-term male subscribers.
Unknown authors · 2011
The algorithm was applied to Interphone Study subjects in five countries. The main determinants of cumulative RF energy were communication system, frequency band, brain location, and amount and duration of phone use. Categorization by cumulative RF energy agreed substantially with cumulative call time, but misclassification was non-negligible, especially at higher frequency bands. Factors such as adaptive power control (except in CDMA networks), discontinuous transmission, and conditions of phone use had relatively minor influence.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers analyzed brain tumor patients from five countries in the Interphone study, with tumors localized by neuroradiologists, and matched controls on age, sex, and region. The study included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases with 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively, and estimated RF dose as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE) absorbed at the tumor's estimated centre. Ever regular mobile phone use showed odds ratios of 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. For glioma, odds ratios were below 1 in the first four TCSE quintiles but rose to 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90) in the highest quintile, and increased with TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in highest quintile).
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1105 acoustic neuroma patients and 2145 controls across 13 countries, assessing past mobile phone use by personal interview. In the primary analysis, the odds ratio for ever regular mobile phone use was 0.85 (95% CI 0.69-1.04), and for use beginning 10 or more years before the reference date it was 0.76 (0.52-1.11). There was no trend of increasing risk with greater cumulative call time; the highest decile (≥1640 hours) showed an odds ratio of 1.32 (0.88-1.97) with implausible reported use, and with five-year censoring the odds ratio for that decile rose to 2.79 (1.51-5.16).
Unknown authors · 2011
The existing certification process uses a plastic head model called SAM that represents the top 10% of U.S. military recruits from 1989 and greatly underestimates SAR for typical users, especially children. A superior computer simulation certification process has been approved by the FCC but is not used to certify phones. When electrical properties are considered, a child's head absorption can be over two times greater and skull bone marrow absorption ten times greater than adults. The authors recommend a new certification process incorporating different modes of use, head sizes, and tissue properties using anatomically based models.
Valentini E, Ferrara M, Presaghi F, De Gennaro L, Curcio G. · 2011
Roux D et al. · 2011
