Tice RR, Hook GG, Donner M, McRee DI, Guy AW. · 2002
DNA damage in leukocytes was assessed with the alkaline comet assay and chromosomal damage in lymphocytes with the micronucleus assay. No significant increase in DNA damage was seen after 3 or 24 hours, and no increase in micronucleated lymphocytes occurred after 3 hours. However, 24-hour exposures at 5.0 or 10.0 W/kg significantly increased micronucleated lymphocytes about fourfold, regardless of signal type, modulation, or frequency.
Natarajan M, Vijayalaxmi , Szilagyi M, Roldan FN, Meltz ML · 2002
Lass L et al. · 2002
The study enrolled 100 subjects (37 female, 63 male) and randomly assigned them to an exposed group (10-20 min, 0.158 mW cm(-2)) or a sham-exposed group. The aim was to examine low-level 7 Hz-modulated 450 MHz radiation effects on human performance in visually presented neuropsychological tasks associated with attention and short-term memory. A battery of three different tests measured attention and short-term memory. The results of tasks 1 and 3 showed a significant increase in variances of errors (p<0.05) in the exposed versus the sham-exposed group. The results of task 2 indicated a significant decrease in errors (p<0.05) in the exposed group.
d'Ambrosio G, MassaR, Scarfi MR, Zeni O · 2002
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood cultures to 1.748 GHz microwaves, either as continuous wave or phase-only modulated wave, for 15 minutes. The study measured cell proliferation kinetics and micronucleus frequency to look for genotoxic effects. No changes in cell proliferation kinetics were found after either type of exposure. A statistically significant micronucleus effect was found following exposure to the phase modulated field, but not after continuous wave exposure. The researchers suggested these results indicate a genotoxic power of the phase modulation itself.
Cao XZ, Zhao ML, Wang DW, Dong B. · 2002
Researchers studied whether electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could induce apoptosis in a human lung carcinoma cell line called GLC-82. Cells were irradiated with EMP at an electric field intensity of 60 kV/m, 5 pulses per 2 minutes, and analyzed using cytometry, MTT chronometry, and flow cytometry. EMP visibly inhibited proliferation and activity of the GLC-82 cells, and the highest apoptosis rate reached 13.38% at 6 hours after irradiation. EMP also down-regulated bcl-2 expression and up-regulated p53 expression in the GLC-82 cells.
Bartsch H et al. · 2002
Researchers tested a GSM-like RF signal on mammary tumors induced by DMBA in female Sprague-Dawley rats as a model for human breast cancer. Three experiments were carried out under strictly standardized conditions using a GSM-like signal at 900 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz. The overall results showed no statistically significant effect of RF-field exposure on tumor latency, and cumulative tumor incidence was unaffected as well. The researchers concluded that low-level RF radiation does not appear to possess carcinogenic or cancer-promoting effects on DMBA-induced mammary tumors.
Zhang MB, He JL, Jin LF, Lu DQ. · 2002
Researchers studied whether 2450-MHz microwave radiation interacts with the chemical mitomycin C (MMC) to produce genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes in vitro. Blood cells from a male donor and a female donor were exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves at 5.0 mW/cm2 for 2 h, to MMC alone for 24 h, or to MMC for 24 h following microwave exposure. Microwave exposure alone did not significantly increase comet lengths compared with controls, but combined microwave plus MMC exposure produced significantly longer comet lengths than MMC alone at doses of 0.025 microgram/mL or higher.
Mueller CH, Krueger H, Schierz C · 2002
This double-blind laboratory experiment tested whether people can perceive a 50 Hz electric and magnetic field at 100 V/m and 6 μT, and whether self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is related to that ability. A total of 63 volunteers, 49 with self-reported EHS and 14 controls, each judged 10 sham and 10 exposed two-minute blocks in randomized order. Seven of the 63 subjects reached a statistically significant result, but there was no relevant difference between self-reported EHS subjects and controls in perception success rate or in the number and types of symptoms reported.
Trosic I, Busljeta I, Kasuba V, Rozgaj R. · 2002
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to continuous 2450 MHz radiofrequency microwave radiation for 2 hours a day, 7 days a week, for up to 30 days, at a power density of 5–10 mW/cm2. Peripheral blood smears were examined for micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes as an indicator of genotoxicity. Micronuclei per 1000 PCEs were significantly increased after eight irradiation treatments compared with sham-exposed controls. The researchers noted that an adaptive mechanism in both erythrocytopoiesis and genotoxicity likely appeared during the subchronic irradiation treatment.
Unknown authors · 2001
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers exposed normal human skin fibroblasts to nitrogen ions at LETs of 80-225 keV/microm and measured DNA double-strand breaks using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. DSB yield increased from 4.5 +/- 0.2 to 10.0 +/- 0.3 DSBs per particle traversal when LET increased from 80 to 225 keV/microm. Fragment size distribution showed an excess of fragments at 50-200 kbp and around 1 Mbp, and repair was slower at higher LET with nonrandom distributions persisting after 1 hour.
Unknown authors · 2001
The study group consisted of 14 people who reported a hypersensitivity to electricity, including disabling fatigue. Cholinesterase activity was assessed three times: twice based on current symptoms (severe fatigue attributed to electromagnetic fields and absence of this symptom) and once at a randomly selected time. No significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase was identified in any subject, and no correlation between reported degree of fatigue and cholinesterase activity was observed.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers conducted a nationwide population-based case-control study of breast cancer risk among 30- to 54-year-old Danish women who worked predominantly at night. Employment histories were reconstructed back to 1964 for 7035 women with breast cancer and their individually matched controls from a nationwide pension scheme. The odds ratio for breast cancer among women who worked at night for at least half a year was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.7), with a tendency toward higher odds with longer duration of nighttime employment.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study across former West Germany. They measured 24-hour residential magnetic fields for 514 children with acute leukemia and 1,301 control children. Childhood leukemia and 24-hour median magnetic fields showed only a weak relationship. However, a significant association emerged for magnetic field exposure during the night.
Unknown authors · 2001
A marked excess risk was found for machinery repairers, and increased relative risks were noted for several other occupations. The relative risk for exposure above 0.12 microtesla was 1.31 (95% CI 0.94-1.81) without a clear exposure-response pattern, but intermittent exposure showed indications of an exposure-response relationship. The authors concluded there is no clear evidence for an etiological role of ELFMF in male breast cancer, but large variations in exposure over the workday may be associated with increased risk.
Unknown authors · 2001
A peak in childhood leukemia at ages two through four emerged in the 1920s in the United Kingdom and later in the United States. During 1928-1932, states with above 75% residential electrification showed increasing leukemia mortality with age, while less electrified states showed a decreasing trend. At ages 2-4, a 10% increase in home electrification was associated with a 24% increase in leukemia mortality.
Unknown authors · 2001
The study examined 30 human volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to a 28 microT circularly polarized 50 Hz magnetic field for 50 minutes in a double-blind crossover design. The majority of cognitive measures showed no significant effect of exposure. Verbal recall of a 15-word list after interference was significantly impaired during field exposure. Performance on a trail-making task requiring executive functioning also decreased with exposure.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study of 843 breast cancer cases and 773 controls to examine occupational electromagnetic field exposure and breast cancer incidence. Exposure was classified based on the two longest-held jobs and cumulative magnetic field indices from a measurement survey. Breast cancer was not associated with office or industrial work, and cumulative exposure over the career and recent periods showed odds ratios close to null. Moderately elevated risks appeared for intermediate cumulative exposure 20 or more years ago (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1-2.0), with stronger associations for premenopausal women (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.7) and ER+ tumors (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.1-4.0), but no consistent dose-response patterns were observed.
Unknown authors · 2001
Unknown authors · 2001
In 1998, researchers studied the effect of residential exposure to electric and magnetic fields from high-power lines on female urinary excretion of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the Quebec City metropolitan area. A sample of 221 women living near a 735-kV line was compared with 195 women of the same age living away from any power lines. Participants provided morning urine samples on two consecutive days and wore a magnetic dosimeter for 36 consecutive hours while indoor electric fields were assessed by spot measurements. After adjustment for factors such as medication use and light exposure, nighttime concentration of 6-OHMS was similar in the two groups. When either 24-hour or sleep-time exposure to magnetic or electric fields was used, no exposure-effect relation was evident.
Unknown authors · 2001
Each woman provided data over a 72-hour period in two different seasons, including bedroom magnetic field and ambient light measured every 30 seconds, personal magnetic field measured at 30-second intervals, and complete nighttime urine samples on three consecutive nights. Lower nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were associated with more hours of daylight, older age, higher body mass index, current alcohol consumption, and current use of beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or psychotropics. After adjusting for these factors, higher bedroom magnetic field levels were associated with significantly lower urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration during the same night, primarily in women using those medications and during times of year with the fewest hours of darkness.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers used indirect immunofluorescence to examine histamine-containing mast cells in skin biopsies from 13 healthy volunteers before and after they sat in front of ordinary TV or PC screens for 2 or 4 h. In 5 of the 13 volunteers, the number of mast cells in the papillary and reticular dermis increased after exposure. Mast cells migrated toward the uppermost dermis, the normally empty zone disappeared, and some cells showed degranulation. Two volunteers showed a decrease in mast cell number, but the upward shift was still visible. All changes returned to baseline within Twenty-four h.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers evaluated leukemia mortality among adults and childhood leukemia incidence in a 10 km area around the Vatican Radio Station in Rome. The station transmitted up to 600 kW and electric field measurements near it ranged from 1.5 to 25 V/m. Childhood leukemia incidence was higher than expected within 6 km (SIR = 217; 95% CI 99-405), and Stone's test showed a significant decrease in risk with distance for male adult mortality (p = 0.03) and childhood incidence (p = 0.04).
Unknown authors · 2001
The patient experienced headaches, unilateral left blurred vision and pupil constriction, and unilateral altered sensation on the forehead. Current perception threshold testing showed abnormalities in the left trigeminal ophthalmic nerve. Nerve function recovered during 6 months follow-up. The exposure was 0.015-0.06 mW/cm(2) over 1-2 h.
Vijayalaxmi et al. · 2001
Eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2450 MHz RFR in circularly polarized waveguides, and eight sham-exposed rats were kept in similar waveguides without RFR transmission. Four rats treated with mitomycin-C served as positive controls, and all rats were necropsied 24h after exposure to examine peripheral blood and bone marrow smears for micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes. The incidence of micronuclei per 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes was not significantly different between RFR-exposed and sham-exposed rats.
