EMF Research Studies

Combined exposure of peripubertal male rats to the endocrine-disrupting compound atrazine and power- frequency electromagnetic fields causes degranulation of cutaneous mast cells: a new toxic environmental hazard?

Unknown authors · 2010

Brain DNA damage and 70-kDa heat shock protein expression in CD1 mice exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2010

Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Decreased Calcium, Zinc and Magnesium Levels in Costa of Rat

Unknown authors · 2010

Rats were exposed to 100 and 500 μT ELF-MF for 2 h/day during 10 months. Calcium levels decreased in the ELF-500 exposure group compared to the sham group. Magnesium levels decreased in the ELF-500 exposure group compared to both the sham and ELF-100 exposure groups. Zinc levels were lower in the ELF-500 exposure group than in the sham and ELF-100 exposure groups. No significant differences were found in phosphorus, copper, or iron levels between groups.

Testicular development evaluation in rats exposed to 60 Hz and 1 mT electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2010

Effects of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on the micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocyte and blood lymphocyte frequency and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in lymphocytes of mice

Unknown authors · 2010

One hundred and twenty Swiss albino mice were equally divided into 6 groups. The study groups were exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 microT 50 Hz-EMFs for 40 days. ELF-EMF exposure caused a nonlinear decline of nucleus area, a sharp drop in AgNOR area at 1 microT that then rose to an insignificantly higher level than controls, and no change in mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus. Relative AgNOR area was highest in the 1 microT group and similar in the 5 microT group, while the remaining groups had significantly lower values similar to controls. The field exposure at any intensity did not significantly affect the frequency of either MPBLs or MPCEs, but the number of MN per PBL in the 4 and 5 microT-exposure groups were significantly higher than those of the lower intensity exposure groups.

Effect of long-term exposure to a randomly varied 50 Hz power frequency magnetic field on the fertility of the mouse

Unknown authors · 2010

Studies on the synergistic effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and the endocrine-disrupting compound atrazine on the thyroid gland

Unknown authors · 2010

Researchers exposed male Wistar rats from postnatal day 23 to 53 to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100-300 μT for 4 hours daily, atrazine at 20 or 200 mg/kg body weight, or both combined. Light and electron microscopy showed no significant alterations in thyroid structure in any treated group compared to controls. The magnetic field group showed significant differences in thyroid follicle volume density and connective tissue compared to atrazine and combined groups. High-dose atrazine significantly affected mast cell numbers compared to controls.

Effect of ELF electric field on some on biochemistry characters in the rat serum

Unknown authors · 2010

The present study investigated the potential effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of adult male rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: controls without exposure, a group exposed to 50 Hz for 10 days, and a group exposed to 50 Hz for 30 days. Total cholesterol concentration in the short-term exposure group was 65.33 ± 15.31 mg/dL and in the long-term exposure group was 59.55 ± 15.01 mg/dL, both significantly lower than the control value of 70.44 ± 19.60 mg/dL. Plasma triglyceride levels were 67.33 ± 15.63 mg/dL in one exposed group and 51.53 ± 14.17 mg/dL in the other, compared with 84.44 ± 16.79 mg/dL in controls.

Preliminary study on the induction of sperm head abnormalities in mice, Mus musculus, exposed to radiofrequency radiations from global system for mobile communication base stations

Unknown authors · 2010

Researchers exposed male mice to radiofrequency radiations from GSM base stations at a workplace complex and residential quarters. Exposed mice showed 39.78% and 46.03% sperm head abnormalities compared to 2.13% in controls. The increase was statistically significant and dose dependent, with major abnormalities including knobbed hook, pin-head, and banana-shaped sperm heads.

Lack of adverse effects of whole-body exposure to a mobile telecommunication electromagnetic field on the rat fetus.

Takahashi S et al. · 2010

Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2.14 GHz electromagnetic fields for 20 hours per day during gestation and lactation at low and high specific absorption rates. No abnormal findings were observed in the dams, the F1 generation, or the F2 offspring across multiple parameters including growth, organ weights, survival, development, hormonal status, memory function, reproductive ability, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity. The authors concluded that under their experimental conditions, whole-body exposure to 2.14 GHz for 20 hours per day during gestation and lactation did not cause any adverse effects on pregnancy or the development of rats.

Prenatal exposure to non-ionizing radiation: effects of WiFi signals on pregnancy outcome, peripheral B-cell compartment and antibody production.

Sambucci M et al. · 2010

Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals for 2 hours daily over 14 consecutive days starting 5 days after mating. No effects were found on mating success, number of newborns per mother, or body weight at birth. Offspring showed no differences in spleen cell number, B-cell frequency, or antibody serum levels. B cells from all groups produced comparable IgM and IgG and proliferated similarly when challenged with LPS in vitro. These findings were consistent in both female and male offspring at juvenile and adult ages.

The lack of histological changes of CDMA cellular phone-based radio frequency on rat testis.

Lee HJ et al. · 2010

Male rats were exposed to 848.5 MHz RF for 12 weeks. The exposure schedule consisted of two 45-min RF exposure periods separated by a 15-min interval. The whole-body average SAR was 2.0 W/kg. Researchers measured sperm counts, malondialdehyde concentrations, spermatogenesis stage frequency, germ cell counts, apoptotic cells, and performed immunoblotting for p53, bcl-2, caspase 3, p21, and PARP. The study concluded that subchronic exposure did not have observable adverse effects on rat spermatogenesis.

Is there any possible genotoxic effect in exfoliated bladder cells of rat under the exposure of 1800 MHz GSM-like modulated radio frequency radiation (RFR)?

Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Yuvaci HU, Turhan N, Coskun ZK, Seyhan N. · 2010

Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 1800 MHz GSM-modulated RFR for 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for one month. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells to assess genotoxic damage. No significant difference in micronucleus frequency was found between exposed and control groups (p>0.05). The authors concluded that 1800 MHz RFR did not produce any genotoxic effect under these exposure conditions.

A Study on the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on UV-induced radical reactions in murine fibroblasts.

Markkanen A, Naarala J, Juutilainen J · 2010

Murine L929 fibroblast cells were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields of 100 or 300 μT during or before UV exposure. No significant magnetic field effects were found, and the results did not support the hypothesis that such fields modify biological responses to UV radiation by changing oxidative reactions.

Exposure to GSM RF fields does not affect calcium homeostasis in human endothelial cells, rat pheocromocytoma cells or rat hippocampal neurons.

O'Connor RP, Madison SD, Leveque P, Roderick HL, Bootman MD · 2010

Researchers used a high-throughput imaging platform to monitor calcium changes in cells exposed to 900 MHz GSM fields at specific absorption rates of 0.012–2 W/kg. The study examined resting calcium, agonist-evoked calcium signals, calcium store emptying, and store-operated calcium entry. GSM field data were compared with continuous wave fields and no-field controls. No changes in calcium signals were detected even at the highest field strengths, which exceeded typical phone exposure levels. The researchers concluded they could not detect any consequence of RF exposure under their experimental conditions.

Microglial activation as a measure of stress in mouse brains exposed acutely (60 minutes) and long-term (2 years) to mobile telephone radiofrequency fields

Finnie JW, Cai Z, Manavis J, Helps S, Blumbergs PC · 2010

Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or five days per week for 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages, and positive controls received a stab wound. No increase in microglial Iba1 expression was found in exposed brains compared to controls, while positive controls showed substantial activation. Acute or two-year exposure did not produce microglial activation detectable by Iba1 immunostaining.

Comparison of radiofrequency exposure of a mouse dam and foetuses at 900 MHz.

McIntosh RL et al. · 2010

Researchers developed detailed anatomical mouse models with 49 tissues for finite difference numerical analysis. The pregnant mouse model with eight mature fetuses was used to assess RF dosimetry in a radial cavity system at 900 MHz and a 900 MHz plane wave exposure. Fetal SAR levels were around 14% lower than the dam's average and peak temperature increase was 45% lower.

Effects of mobile phone radiation on serum testosterone in Wistar albino rats.

Meo SA, Al-Drees AM, Husain S, Khan MM, Imran MB · 2010

Researchers used 34 male Wistar albino rats divided into a control group and two groups exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 or 60 minutes daily for three months. The 60-minute daily exposure group showed a significant decrease in serum testosterone compared to controls (p=0.028).

Cranial and postcranial skeletal variations induced in mouse embryos by mobile phone radiation.

Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH. · 2010

Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to GSM 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone. Within 5h after birth most pups were fixed and processed with double staining and paraffin histology, while other pups remained with their mothers until teeth eruption. Exposed newborns appeared normal externally, but histological examination revealed variations in cranial bone and rib ossification and displacement of Meckelian cartilage.

The effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on the bioactivity of insulin and a preliminary study of mechanism.

Chen YB, Li J, Qi Y, Miao X, Zhou Y, Ren D, Guo GZ. · 2010

Researchers exposed insulin solution to EMP using a GTEM cell and compared it with sham-exposed insulin. EMP-exposed insulin showed significantly reduced bioactivity in lowering fasting blood glucose in type I diabetic mice (p = 0.023). The percentage of FITC labeling of HL-7702 cells was significantly lower with EMP-exposed insulin (22.7% vs 13.8%). Fluorescence intensity of insulin was also significantly reduced after EMP exposure (p < 0.001).

Effects of 900-MHz microwave radiation on gamma-ray-induced damage to mouse hematopoietic system.

Cao Y, Xu Q, Jin ZD, Zhang J, Lu MX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2010

Researchers examined the effects of microwave exposure on the hematopoietic system adversely altered by gamma-ray irradiation in mice. Preexposure to low-dose microwaves reduced the damage from gamma-ray irradiation, shown by less severe pathological changes in bone marrow and spleen. The authors suggested the protection came from increased hematopoietic growth factors, stimulated granulocyte-macrophage proliferation, and reduced suppression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. They concluded that prior microwave exposure may protect against gamma-ray injury to the hematopoietic system in mice.

Static magnetic field affects oxidative stress in mouse cochlea

Politański P et al. · 2010

Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 8 hours of 119 dB SPL 4 kHz octave band noise and assessed auditory brainstem response, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the cochlea before and at five time points over two weeks. The auditory brainstem response showed no permanent functional damage from noise exposure in either the static magnetic field exposed group or the non-exposed group. However, lipid peroxidation levels, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity differed significantly between mice exposed to both noise and static magnetic field and those exposed to noise only.

The influence of weak magnetic fields on the production of the reactive oxygen species in peritoneal neutrophils in mice.

Belova NA et al. · 2010

Researchers studied the influence of weak magnetic fields of different types on the rate of reactive oxygen species formation in mouse peritoneal neutrophils. Exposure to a magnetic field tuned to the parametric resonance for Ca2+ ions decreased ROS generation by 23% in neutrophils activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The same field increased ROS generation by about 21% in neutrophils stimulated by the bacterial peptide FMLP.

Static magnetic field exposure reproduces cellular effects of the Parkinson's disease drug candidate

Wang Z, Che PL, Du J, Ha B, Yarema KJ. · 2010

Researchers investigated static magnetic fields by focusing on the adenosine A2A receptor in PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells that display metabolic features of Parkinson's disease. Static magnetic fields reproduced several responses elicited by ZM241385 and counteracted several PD-relevant endpoints exacerbated by CGS21680 in a manner similar to ZM241385.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields differentially regulate estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression in the rat olfactory bulb.

Reyes-Guerrero G et al. · 2010

Researchers studied the influence of ELF EMF on estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb of adult female and male rats using RT-PCR. ELF EMF exerted a biphasic effect on female olfactory bulb ERβ mRNA expression, increasing it during diestrous and decreasing it during estrous. No influence of ELF EMF was observed on female olfactory bulb ERα mRNA expression. In male rats, ERα and ERβ mRNA expression levels did not vary with ELF EMF exposure.