Rostami A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male rats to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 3 Hz and 60 Hz for several days and measured effects on brain activity and behavior. They found that both frequencies significantly reduced the rats' movement and decreased the firing rate of neurons in the locus coeruleus, a brain region important for arousal and attention. The study also detected widespread changes in brain proteins, suggesting that ELF-EMF exposure can alter brain function at multiple biological levels.
Ambalayam S, Jain S, Mathur R. · 2016
Researchers studied how spinal cord injuries affect eating behavior in rats and whether extremely low frequency magnetic fields could help. They found that spinal cord injury disrupts normal feeding patterns by affecting a brain region called the hypothalamus, but exposure to magnetic fields restored normal eating behavior and promoted nerve healing. This suggests magnetic field therapy might help address neurological complications from spinal injuries.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed young rats to 900 MHz radiation (cell phone frequencies) daily during adolescence. Brain examination revealed significant hippocampus damage including dead neurons, fewer healthy brain cells, and oxidative stress markers. This suggests cell phone radiation during development may cause lasting memory and learning problems.
Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2016
Researchers exposed young rats to cell phone frequency radiation (900 MHz) for just one hour daily throughout their adolescent development and found significant damage to their spinal cords. The exposed rats showed structural abnormalities, increased cell death, and biochemical markers of oxidative stress in spinal cord tissue. This suggests that even limited daily exposure to radiofrequency radiation during critical developmental periods can harm nervous system tissue.
Erdem Koç G et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats exposed to cell phone-level radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily produced offspring with fewer brain cells in the hippocampus, the memory center. However, melatonin and omega-3 supplements during pregnancy prevented this brain damage in the developing babies.
Shehu A, Mohammed A, Magaji RA, Muhammad MS · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to mobile phone radiation for 4 weeks using different phone modes (silent, vibration, ringtone, or both) and measured anxiety-like behavior and cellular damage markers. All exposed groups showed increased anxiety compared to controls, and rats exposed to ringtone modes also showed decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. This suggests that mobile phone radiation may affect both brain function and cellular health, even from relatively short daily exposures.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats exposed to cell phone-frequency radiation (900-MHz) for one hour daily produced offspring with significantly fewer brain cells in the cerebellum, the region controlling movement and coordination. The brain damage persisted into young adulthood, suggesting prenatal EMF exposure may harm developing brains.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to radiation from 2G mobile phones (900-1800 MHz) for 48 minutes daily over 1-6 months and examined brain tissue under microscopes. They found significant damage to the hippocampus, the brain region crucial for memory and learning, including reduced numbers of neurons and smaller cell nuclei. This suggests that prolonged mobile phone radiation exposure may harm brain cells in ways that could affect cognitive function.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
Scientists exposed mouse brain cells to radiofrequency radiation and glutamate, a brain chemical that becomes toxic during diseases like Alzheimer's. RF exposure alone caused minimal harm, but when combined with glutamate, it dramatically increased cell death, suggesting RF radiation may worsen brain damage in diseased conditions.
İkinci A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed young male rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields (similar to cell phone radiation) for one hour daily during adolescence and examined their spinal cords. They found significant damage including deterioration of the protective myelin sheaths around nerve fibers, tissue atrophy, and increased oxidative stress markers. This suggests that RF radiation exposure during critical developmental periods may harm the nervous system's structure and function.
Choi Y-J, Choi Y-S · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to smartphone electromagnetic radiation for 9-11 weeks to study effects on brain function and memory. While the radiation didn't impair spatial memory or damage brain cell growth, it did activate astrocytes (brain support cells that respond to injury) and caused hyperactivity-like behavior weeks after exposure ended. This suggests smartphone radiation may trigger subtle brain changes that aren't immediately obvious but could have delayed effects.
Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2016
Italian researchers exposed rat brain cells to cell phone radiation at the legal safety limit for 24 hours and found that a key brain enzyme called acetylcholinesterase increased by 40%. This enzyme is crucial for memory, learning, and proper brain function, and disruptions to it are linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Sun C, Wei X, Fei Y, Su L, Zhao X, Chen G, Xu Z · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse embryonic cells to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) at high power levels for 1-12 hours and found it initially caused DNA breaks. However, after prolonged exposure, the cells' DNA repair systems became so active that DNA damage dropped below normal background levels - a phenomenon called hormesis where low doses of a harmful substance trigger beneficial protective responses.
Stasinopoulou M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to DECT phone base station radiation (the same frequency as cordless phones) for 12 hours daily during pregnancy and early life. They found increased heart rates in developing embryos, altered birth measurements in newborns, and significant brain cell loss in the hippocampus region of 22-day-old pups. These brain changes occurred whether the animals were exposed only before birth or both before and after birth.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (GSM 900 MHz) for either 3 or 6 hours daily over 7 days to study effects on insulin production and organ health. While insulin levels remained unchanged, the radiation caused inflammatory damage in the liver and harmed insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, with longer exposure times producing more severe damage.
He Q, Sun Y, Zong L, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow cells to cell phone-level radiation for three hours daily over five days. The cells showed significant increases in PARP-1, a protein that repairs DNA damage, suggesting the radiation triggered cellular stress requiring DNA repair mechanisms.
Barthélémy A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to radiofrequency radiation for 15 minutes at different intensities and measured brain inflammation and memory function. They found that even low-level exposure (1.5 W/kg) caused significant brain inflammation, while higher exposure (6 W/kg) impaired long-term memory and increased inflammation in multiple brain regions. This study provides direct evidence that brief RF exposure can trigger brain inflammation and memory problems in living animals.
Sun C, Wei X, Fei Y, Su L, Zhao X, Chen G, Xu Z. · 2016
Scientists exposed mouse cells to cell phone radiation and discovered it initially damaged DNA but then activated repair systems that left cells healthier than unexposed ones. This "hormesis" effect had never been seen with phone radiation before, suggesting potential protective cellular responses.
Ji Y, He Q, Sun Y, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Chinese researchers exposed mouse bone marrow cells to cell phone-level radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz) for 4 hours daily over 5 days, then hit them with gamma radiation to damage their DNA. Surprisingly, the cells that received RF preconditioning showed less DNA damage and repaired themselves faster than cells exposed to gamma radiation alone, suggesting RF exposure may trigger protective cellular responses.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) at extremely low levels for 90 days. The rats developed impaired learning and memory, elevated stress proteins, and DNA damage in brain cells at radiation levels thousands of times below current safety standards.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 10 Hz magnetic fields for 15 days to study brain chemistry effects. Three hours of daily exposure decreased serotonin breakdown products in the brain's mood-regulating region, while one hour had no effect. This suggests magnetic fields can alter brain chemistry linked to mood.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for up to 120 days and found it caused significant anxiety-like behavior. The study identified that these fields disrupt brain chemistry by affecting NMDA receptors and increasing glutamate levels in key brain regions. This suggests that long-term exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields can alter brain function and behavior.
Madjid Ansari A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type generated by power lines and electrical appliances) to study effects on depression-like behavior. They found that short-term exposure (2 hours) had no effect, but long-term exposure (2 hours daily for 2 weeks) actually reduced depressive symptoms in the mice. The study suggests this effect may work through changes in nitric oxide levels in the brain.
Hu Y et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed genetically modified mice with Alzheimer's disease to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50Hz, 500μT) for three months daily. The magnetic field exposure improved cognitive function, reduced brain cell death, and decreased tau protein abnormalities that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that controlled magnetic field exposure might have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative conditions.
Ansari AM et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and electrical devices) for either 2 hours once or 2 hours daily for 2 weeks. They found that long-term exposure reduced depression-like behavior in the mice, while short-term exposure interfered with antidepressant medications. This suggests that chronic EMF exposure may alter brain chemistry and affect how psychiatric medications work.
