EMF Research Studies

Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to frequency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure: Biochemical and histopathological evidence

Unknown authors · 2021

The effect of 4.5 G (LTE Advanced- Pro network) mobile phone radiation on the optic nerve

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers divided rats into a sham-exposed control group and an experimental group exposed to a mobile phone with LTE-Advanced Pro network for 2 hours per day over 6 weeks. Visual evoked potential amplitudes were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Morphometric analysis showed that axonal diameter and myelin thickness were lower and the G-ratio was higher in the exposed rats. The experimental group also had significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

Unknown authors · 2021

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: moderate aerobic exercise, exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for 3 hours per day, combined exercise and exposure, or exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Hippocampal dead cell count was significantly higher in the radiation-only group compared to the exercise, combined, and control groups. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the radiation-only group than in the exercise, combined, and control groups. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the exercise, combined, and control groups compared to the radiation-only group.

The Effect of Mobile Radiation on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Pregnant Mice

Unknown authors · 2021

Twenty-one pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control, mobile radiation-exposed, and mobile radiation plus vitamin C at 200 mg/kg. The exposure groups received 900 MHz radiation at 2 watts and a power density of 0.045 μw /cm2 for eight hours per day over ten consecutive days. After five days of rest, blood levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Radiation exposure significantly increased MDA and 8-OHdG and decreased total antioxidant capacity, while vitamin C inhibited the increases in MDA and 8-OHdG.

Effects of 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields on signal transduction and antioxidant proteins in human A172 glioblastoma cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band High-Power Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice

Unknown authors · 2021

Forty-eight male ICR mice were exposed to L-HPM at power densities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m² and brain function was examined at different time periods after exposure. Brain morphology was examined using HE and TUNEL staining, and cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers, and c-fos expression were evaluated. Exposure to L-HPM at 1.5 W/m² can cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. The deleterious effects were closely related to power density and exposure time, indicating that long-term and high-power density exposure may be detrimental to the nervous system.

Fahmi A, Saad-Hussein A, Ibrahim KS, Madboly A, Abdur-Rahman M

Unknown authors · 2021

One-hundred male volunteers were recruited and classified into two groups based on mobile phone usage. Group 1 used phones less than one hour per day for less than five years, while group 2 used phones more than one hour per day for more than five years. The higher-use group had significantly lower testosterone and superoxide dismutase and significantly higher luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and malondialdehyde.

The effects of Gum Arabic, curcumin (Curcuma longa) and Garcinia kola on the rat hippocampus after electromagnetic field exposure: A stereological and histological study

Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S · 2021

Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups of six, and the EMF+Cur, EMF+GK, EMF+GA, and EMF groups were exposed to 900MHz EMF for one hour a day for 28 days. Stereological analysis showed a significant decrease in the total number of CA pyramidal neurons in the EMF group compared with control and sham groups. The EMF group also had significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities than controls.

Potential influence of prenatal 2.45 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on Wistar albino rat testis

Unknown authors · 2021

Pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 2.8 mW/cm² for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were not exposed after birth and were examined at 75 days of age. Exposed adult rats showed irregular seminiferous tubules, degenerated germ cells, reduced tubule diameter and epithelial height, and increased interstitial space. Exposed rats also had more vacuoles, altered organelles, necrotizing cells, empty spaces between Sertoli and germ cells, and increased lipid droplets in Leydig cells. Fluoro Jade-C and superoxide dismutase 2 positivity were increased in exposed rats.

Effects of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters and DNA Damage in the Liver of Rats

Unknown authors · 2021

Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups of six each. Two groups were exposed to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 7 months, while a third group served as sham control. After exposure, liver tissue was analyzed for DNA damage, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and total oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Both exposure frequencies significantly increased MDA, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and comet assay tail intensity, while decreasing total antioxidant status.

Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones may Affect Rat Brain During Development

Unknown authors · 2021

During operation, mobile phones emit energy in the form of electromagnetic fields that can be absorbed by the user's head. Researchers studied the influence of mobile phone exposure on nervous response by analyzing electrophysiological measurements of brain wave activity. EEG test measurements were taken when the participant was not using and when using a mobile phone.

Teacher Guide: Cell Phones, Wireless, and Your Health

Unknown authors · 2020

A 2018 US National Toxicology Program study of about 3,000 rats and mice exposed for two years found exposed male rats developed gliomas in the brain and schwannomas in the heart while no control rats developed these tumors. The Ramazzini Institute found the same heart schwannomas in male rats exposed to lower radiation levels. A 2011 NIH study of 47 people found 50 minutes of cell phone radiation changed brain activity near the antenna.

Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects

Unknown authors · 2020

The review carried out in this study shows that electromagnetic radiation should be considered seriously as a complementary driver for the dramatic decline in insects, acting in synergy with agricultural intensification, pesticides, invasive species and climate change. Evidence for the effects of non-thermal microwave radiation on insects has been known for at least 50 years. The extent that anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation represents a significant threat to insect pollinators is unresolved and plausible. For these reasons, and taking into account the benefits they provide to nature and humankind, the precautionary principle should be applied before any new deployment (such 5G) is considered.

Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects

Unknown authors · 2020

Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar rats

Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar ratsH M Fahmy et al. · 2020

Researchers exposed Wistar female rats to a standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source with an averaged whole-body specific absorption rate of 0.01 W kg−1 24 h−1 daily for 40 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi–exposed groups. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, transaminase levels, molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathology, and ultrastructure. Exposure led to severe oxidative stress, deleterious effects on liver function, altered molecular structure, and severe histological and ultrastructural alterations indicating hepatotoxic effects.

Estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses and brain volumes in preadolescents

Estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses and brain volumes in preadolescents Alba Cabré-Riera et al. · 2020

The study analyzed 2,592 preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from the Generation R Study in Rotterdam, Netherlands. An integrated exposure model estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic field doses from sources such as phone calls, tablet use, laptop use, and far-field sources. The estimated overall whole-brain dose was 84.3 millijoules per kilogram per day, with the highest lobe-specific dose in the temporal lobe at 307.1 millijoules per kilogram per day. Overall doses from all sources, phone calls, and far-field sources were not associated with global, cortical, or subcortical brain volumes. However, higher whole-brain dose from mobile phone internet use, texting, tablet use, and wireless laptop use was associated with a smaller caudate volume.

Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions

Kostoff et al · 2020

The article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most laboratory experiments are not designed to identify severe adverse effects reflective of real-life operating environments. The article presents evidence that 5G technology will have adverse systemic effects beyond skin and eyes.

(2020) The association between smartphone use and breast cancer risk among Taiwanese women: A case-control study

Shih et al · 2020

This case-control study included 894 healthy controls and 211 breast cancer patients. Smartphone addiction was associated with a 1.43-fold higher risk of breast cancer, and using a smartphone for more than 4.5 minutes before bedtime was associated with a 5.27-fold higher risk compared to using it for 4.5 minutes or less. A closer distance between the smartphone and the breasts was associated with a 1.59-fold higher risk, and carrying the smartphone near the chest or waist-abdomen was associated with 5.03-fold and 4.06-fold higher risks, respectively, compared to carrying it below the waist.

Static magnetic field on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Tasić T et al. · 2020

Researchers exposed spontaneously hypertensive rats to upward or downward oriented static magnetic fields of moderate intensity for a subchronic period. Rats exposed to downward oriented fields showed a lack of anxious-like behavior. Both field orientations decreased platelets in peripheral blood, granulocytes in spleen and bone marrow, and increased erythrocytes in the spleen. Upward oriented fields decreased blood lymphocytes and bone marrow erythrocytes, while downward oriented fields increased bone marrow lymphocytes. Heart and kidney morphological characteristics were unaffected by either field orientation.

Maldonado-Moreles A, Cordova-Fraga T, Bonilla-Jaime H, Lopez-Camacho PY, Basurto-Islas Low frequency vortex magnetic field reduces amyloid β aggregation, increase cell viability and protect from amyloid β toxicity

Unknown authors · 2020

The researchers designed a coil to generate vortex magnetic fields and tested their effect on amyloid β aggregation and on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Amyloid β exposed to vortex magnetic field for 24 hours showed about 86% less fibril formation than controls. Vortex magnetic field stimulation also reduced amyloid β fibril cytotoxicity and increased viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Low Strength Magnetic Fields Serve as a Cue for Foraging Honey Bees but Prior Experience is More Indicative of Choice

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers tested honey bees in three experiments: a sucrose feeder, a flower patch with color-dependent magnetic fields, and a Y-maze with alternating colors on a stronger magnetic field. In free-flying feeder experiments, magnetic field served as a temporary cue, but bees preferred an equal caloric alternative with a weaker magnetic field. Flower patch experiments showed initial color biases were abandoned in response to magnetic field induction, and laboratory experiments revealed a color-dependent behavioral response to the magnetic field.

Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis

Zhang M et al. · 2020

Induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis by a tumor suppressing magnetic field through ROS-mediated DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY)

Yuan LQ, Wang C, Lu DF, Zhao XD, Tan LH, Chen X · 2020

Researchers tested a 50 Hz electromagnetic field modulated by a static magnetic field at 5.1 mT applied for 2 hours daily over more than 3 consecutive days. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels increased shortly after exposure and remained elevated. Pronounced DNA damage and activation of DNA repair pathways were detected both in vitro and in vivo. A free radical scavenger reduced DNA damage and partially decreased cell death. The field inhibited cell proliferation and triggered both apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations

Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Liao Y, Tang C, Cai P · 2020

Researchers exposed Caenorhabditis elegans continuously to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF at 20°C across multiple generations from the egg stage. They measured body length, ATP content, ATP synthase activity, and expression of ATP synthase genes in the 15th generation adult worms. In the 15th generation, body length increased significantly, ATP content increased significantly, ATP synthase activity was significantly enhanced, and the expression of r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, and atp-3 genes was upregulated. In the 15th generation, SOD activity increased significantly and the expression of sod-1, sod-2, and sod-3 genes was upregulated.

In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors using pulsed electromagnetic field

Vinod E, Kachroo U, Rebekah G, Thomas S, Ramasamy B · 2020