Kim JH, Chung KH, Hwang YR, Park HR, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim HR · 2021
Researchers exposed pups and dams to whole-body RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 h per day for 4 weeks from postnatal day 1 to P28. Total dendritic spines decreased significantly in the dentate gyrus but not in CA1, while mushroom-type dendritic spines decreased significantly in both CA1 and DG. BDNF expression in CA1 and DG was significantly lower, and PSD95 puncta were significantly decreased at DIV 5, 7, and 9 after RF-EMF exposure. Neurite outgrowth length and branch number decreased significantly without soma size changes, and the memory index showed statistically significant decreases in exposed mice.
Unknown authors · 2021
The study found that exposure to RFID signals at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg is sufficient to alter serotonin metabolism in rats. This effect occurred regardless of whether the exposure level was considered biohazardous.
Delen K et al. · 2021
Dalecki A, Verrender A, · 2021
Thirty-six adults participated in three experimental sessions with sham, low (1 W/kg), and high (2 W/kg) RF-EMF exposures. Resting EEG was recorded at baseline, during, and after exposure. Alpha power increase was greater for eyes open than eyes closed during both low and high exposures. There was also a trend for the increase to be larger at the end of the high exposure compared to the start.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional analysis of preadolescents aged 9-11 years and adolescents aged 17-18 years from the Dutch ABCD study (n=1664 preadolescents) and the Spanish INMA project (n=1288 preadolescents and n=261 adolescents). Overall whole-brain RF-EMF doses were estimated from mobile and DECT phone calls, other mobile phone uses, tablet use, laptop use, and far-field sources. Higher overall doses from all sources and from phone calls were associated with lower non-verbal intelligence in Dutch and Spanish preadolescents (-0.10 points per 100 mJ/kg/day increase, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.02), but no doses were related to any other cognitive outcome in Spanish preadolescents or adolescents.
Unknown authors · 2021
Thirty young men participated in a double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study with all-night 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure. Declarative memory improved overnight with Wi-Fi exposure, but emotional and procedural memory were unaffected. No sleep-specific physiological parameters changed with exposure, so the behavioral effect lacked physiological support and may be a random finding.
Zhao X et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse cortical neuron cultures to a single-frequency terahertz laser and found increased excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal firing activity. A microarray assay showed gene expression changes after terahertz exposure that matched the morphology and electrophysiology results. A specific terahertz irradiation schedule reduced oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and increased their differentiation. The myelination process was enhanced following terahertz exposure.
Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields. Medium from the exposed cells reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in recipient non-exposed cells (P<0.05, comet assay). Direct exposure to the same RF conditions also reduced DNA damage (P<0.05) and increased extracellular hsp70 without changing intracellular hsp70.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers investigated the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic waves on hippocampal expression of two apoptotic genes in male BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to electromagnetic waves for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours twice daily for 30 days, with an additional group receiving 4 hours once daily and a control group receiving no radiation. The study found that mobile phone radiation can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the mouse hippocampus.
Qin F, Cao H, Feng C, Zhu T, Zhu B, Zhang J, Tong J, Pei H · 2021
Researchers exposed four-week-old mice to 1800 MHz RF at 0.50 W/kg SAR in the morning and evening each day for three weeks. They measured pathological changes and functional indices in the testes. RF exposure reduced testicular weight, daily sperm production, and testosterone secretion. Morning exposure was associated with 615 differentially expressed lncRNAs, while evening exposure was associated with 183. Morning RF exposure lncRNAs were correlated with pathways including Fanconi syndrome, metabolic processes, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA replication.
Li M et al. · 2021
Researchers found that combined radiofrequency ablation and melatonin treatment improved clinical outcomes for early lung cancer patients with multiple pulmonary nodules. In a mouse lung tumor model, radiofrequency ablation stimulated antitumor immunity that could inhibit tumor growth in non-ablated areas. Melatonin enhanced natural killer cell activity and worked synergistically with radiofrequency ablation. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses showed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, reduced acidification and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting reprogrammed tumor metabolism. Combined treatment also depressed MAPK, NF-kappa B, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, upregulated P53 pathway, reversed the Warburg effect, and decreased tumor malignancy.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed peripheral blood cells from five male donors to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field for up to 90 minutes. They measured expression of 667 microRNAs using a quantitative PCR array and compared the results to sham and hyperthermia controls. In the initial screening, two miRNAs — miR-194 at 30 minutes and miR-939 at 60 minutes — were down-regulated about two-fold and their p-values survived Bonferroni correction. A repeat experiment two years later found similar overall miRNA expression patterns but could not reproduce the previously identified differentially expressed miRNAs, and the authors concluded that the data do not support early miRNA changes or EMF-responsive individuals.
Kundu A et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants to a one-time electromagnetic irradiation at 1837.50 MHz and 2.75 mW/m2 for 2 h 30 min inside a reverberation chamber. The exposure was conducted in a controlled reverberation chamber to ensure a pure electromagnetic environment with deterministic power density.
Kumar, R , Deshmukh, P.S. , Sharma, S., Banerjee, B.D. · 2021
Kim JH et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to 1760 MHz LTE RF-EMF at 4 W/kg SAR for 4 hours per day over 4 days. The exposure significantly reduced cell growth and proliferation and delayed the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. DNA damage and apoptosis were not involved, as γH2AX levels were not markedly altered and the apoptotic pathway was not activated. RF-EMF exposure significantly elevated Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and increased total and phosphorylated p53. Activated p53 increased p21 and p27 expression, inhibited CDK2 and CDK4, and reduced phosphorylated retinoblastoma, decreasing proliferation.
Kim HS, H-D Choi , J-K Pack, N Kim, Y H Ahn · 2021
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RF-exposed groups and exposed to RF-EMF at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 8 h/day from gestational Day 1 to 19. Maternal cortisol in circulating blood and adrenal gland was significantly higher in the RF-exposed group than in the sham group. Placental cortisol remained stable and placental 11β-HSD2 mRNA expression did not change in the RF-exposed group.
Unknown authors · 2021
Jin H et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed murine melanoma B16 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells to EMF-LTE at 1.762 GHz and 8 W/kg. EMF-LTE alone did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, or induce DNA double-strand breaks. EMF-LTE reduced DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation and bleomycin in those cells and lowered γ-H2AX in mouse skin after four weeks of exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz radiation at 45 V/m or 65 V/m for one week and compared them to a sham-exposed group. They tested memory using object location and Y-maze tasks. Rats exposed to 65 V/m performed worse on both memory tasks. The same rats had lower hippocampal levels of the cholinergic biomarkers AChE, ChAT, and VAChT.
Ghandehari M, Sadri D, Farhadi S · 2021
Researchers conducted a descriptive study on cell phone users at a dental faculty, using Papanicolaou staining of mucosal smears. The study analyzed 100 samples, finding micronucleus-containing cells at 2.94% ± 1.89% and micronuclei per cell at 1.02% ± 1.68%. Daily cell phone usage correlated significantly with both micronucleus measures (r = 0.70 for micronucleus-containing cells, r = 0.57 for micronuclei per cell, both P = 0.0001), while age and sex showed no significant correlation.
D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Bhargavan R · 2021
Researchers exposed fertilized hen eggs to 2G or 3G cell phone radiation for 72 minutes per day from day 9 to 12 of development. They used the alkaline comet assay to measure DNA damage in the embryo brains. Exposure to both 2G and 3G radiation significantly increased comet length, tail length, percentage of DNA in the tail, and tail moment, with greater effects in the 3G group.
Yavaş MC, Yegin K, Oruç S, Delen K, Sirav B · 2021
Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a sham-control group and a 2100 MHz exposed group. The exposed rats received GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. Serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels were higher in the exposed group with p values of 0,219 for total thiol, 0,416 for native thiol and 0,566 for disulphide. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were also higher in the exposed group. The researchers concluded that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
Wen X et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. ROS levels increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Expression of HSP10, HSP60, and ClpP proteins increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours but reversed by 24 hours. When JNK2 was inhibited with siRNA, the RF exposure no longer increased these protein levels.
Verma S et al. · 2021
