EMF Research Studies

Human fibroblasts in vitro exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous and pulsed wave signals: evaluation of biological effects with a multimethodological approach

Unknown authors · 2020

Comparing chromosome damage induced by mobile telephony radiation and a high caffeine dose: Effect of combination and exposure duration

Panagopoulos, D.J. · 2020

Researchers exposed lymphocytes from six healthy subjects to UMTS mobile phone radiation for 15 minutes during the G2/M phase at 1 cm distance during an active call. A high caffeine dose alone produced a similar but slightly smaller degree of chromatid-type aberrations. The combined exposure increased aberrations dramatically and the effect rose almost linearly with longer exposure durations.

Effects of radiofrequency radiation on gene expression: a study of gene expressions of human keratinocytes from different origins

Unknown authors · 2020

Testing of behavioral and cognitive development in rats after prenatal exposure to 1800 and 2400 MHz radiofrequency fields

Unknown authors · 2020

Pregnant rats were exposed to radiofrequency fields starting on day 21 of pregnancy, and offspring were tested with Y maze at 3 weeks, open field at 7 weeks, and hippocampal NMDAR expression at 9 weeks. The 1800 MHz and 1800 MHz + WiFi groups showed a downward trend in body weight, and the WiFi group opened eyes earlier than controls. In open field tests, the 1800 MHz + WiFi group had shorter overall path length and delayed stationary time, the WiFi group had shorter path length and increased velocity in the error arm, and the 1800 MHz + WiFi group showed increased central area activity. Both exposure groups down-regulated NR2A and NR2B and up-regulated NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B, while the WiFi group also up-regulated NR1 and NR2C.

Lerchl A, Klose M, Drees K

Unknown authors · 2020

Effects of a single head exposure to GSM-1800 MHz signals on the transcriptome profile in the rat 124 cerebral cortex: enhanced gene responses under proinflammatory conditions

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers applied a 2-h head-only GSM-1800 MHz exposure to rats with LPS-induced acute neuroinflammation, to healthy rats, and to transgenic hSOD1 G93A rats modeling presymptomatic ALS. Gene responses were measured 24 hours later in a motor area of the cerebral cortex where the mean SAR was 3.22 W/kg. In LPS-treated rats, RNA-seq revealed significant but moderate gene expression changes affecting 2.7% of expressed genes, including neuronal and glial genes and genes involved in protein ubiquitination or dephosphorylation.

Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field radiations in root meristems of Allium cepa

Kumar A, Kaur S, Chandel S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK · 2020

Behavioral changes and gene profile alterations after chronic 1,950-MHz radiofrequency exposure: An observation in C57BL/6 mice

Jeong et al. · 2020

Public concerns exist about deleterious biological consequences of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These concerns have led to wide consideration of the potential effects of RF-EMF on the central nervous system.

Evaluation of the Effect of Chronic 94 GHz Exposure on Gene Expression in the Skin of Hairless Rats In Vivo

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed young and adult rats to 94 GHz millimeter waves for 5 months, 3 hours per day, 3 days per week, at 10 mW/cm². Skin samples were analyzed with a gene expression microarray. The exposure did not significantly change gene expression in either age group.

The Effect of Radiation Emitted by Cell Phone on The Gelatinolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 of Mouse Pre- Antral Follicles during In Vitro Culture

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers found that exposure to the cell phone alters the growth and maturation rate of murine ovarian follicle. This effect occurred through changes in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes.

. Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 and 24 hours. Exposure for 24 hours increased the autophagy marker ATG5, but did not change LC3B-I, LC3B-II, or pERK in either cell type. A transient increase in glutathione was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells, while hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase were unaffected. Apoptosis, living cell number, and apoptosis-inducing factor were not altered by exposure at either duration.

The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Cochlear Stria Marginal Cells in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Unknown authors · 2020

The study applied 1,800 MHz mobile phone RFR at 2 and 4 W/kg with a 5-minute on, 10-minute off cycle for 24 hours. They measured DNA damage, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species in marginal cells using Comet assay, flow cytometry, DAPI staining, and a fluorescent probe. No DNA damage or increase in apoptosis was observed, but ROS production was significantly higher in the 4 W/kg group compared with controls.

Biochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometrical investigation of the effect of thymoquinone on the rat testis following exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2020

The study aimed to investigate the effects of 900 MHz EMF exposure (60 min/day for 28 days) on rat testis and to determine whether thymoquinone (10 mg/kg/day) reduced the deleterious effect. EMF exposure significantly decreased primary spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, serum testosterone, and testis weight compared to controls. Thymoquinone treatment significantly increased primary spermatocyte numbers compared to EMF alone.

Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) affects anti-oxidant capacity, DNA repair genes expression and, apoptosis in pregnant mouse placenta

Unknown authors · 2020

Pregnant mice were exposed to Wi-Fi signal (2.4 GHz) for 2 and 4 hours. Placenta tissues were examined for MDA and SOD levels, and gene expression of SOD, CDKNA1, GADD45a, Bax, and Bcl-2 was measured by real-time PCR, while apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay. MDA and SOD levels significantly increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and SOD mRNA expression also significantly increased. CDKN1A and GADD45a gene expression increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and apoptosis increased as shown by quantitative PCR and TUNEL assay (P-value<0.05).

Effect of mobile phone radiation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and contextual fear memory in Wistar rat

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed young adult male Wistar rats to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiation at 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 16 weeks. Another set of animals was kept under similar conditions without radiation exposure as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress hormones. Exposed rats showed significantly increased hippocampal oxidative stress, elevated levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, increased adrenal gland weight, and higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. However, changes in contextual fear memory were not statistically significant.

The protective effect of melatonin on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields of mobile phone-induced testicular damage in an experimental mouse model

Unknown authors · 2020

The study used 32 adult male BALB/c mice divided into four groups: control, melatonin (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days), RF-EMR exposure (900 MHz, 100 to 300 MT, 54 to 160 W/m, 4 hours per day whole body), and melatonin plus RF-EMR. After exposure, researchers evaluated oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level, and testicular histopathology. RF-EMR exposure induced oxidative stress, testicular tissue damage, and decreased testosterone. Melatonin treatment improved oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), testis injury score, increased germinal epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone in EMR-exposed mice, with significant differences (p < .05).

Effect of electromagnetic radiation on redox status, acetylcholine esterase activity and cellular damage contributing to the diminution of the brain working memory in rats

Sharma S, Shukla S · 2020

Exposed rats showed significantly increased malondialdehyde and depleted superoxide dismutase, catalase, and redox enzymes indicating oxidative stress. Acetylcholinesterase levels were depleted, indicating altered neurotransmission. Cellular degeneration was observed in the hippocampus of radiation-exposed rats. The study concluded that microwave radiation induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and working memory reduction in a time-dependent manner.

Exposure of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Biochemical and Pathological Alterations

Sharma A , Shrivastava S, Shukla S · 2020

The study evaluated microwave radiation at 1800 MHz and a specific absorption rate of 0.433 W/kg on male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed for 90 days at four hours per day, five days per week. DNA damage increased in brain neurons and acetylcholinesterase levels declined significantly.

Protective Effects of Zinc on 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HEK293 Cells

Unknown authors · 2020

Radio frequency-induced superoxide accumulation affected the growth and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Li Q, Tian M, Teng J, Gao P, Tang BQ, Wu H · 2020

Researchers investigated the effect of 2.6-5 MHz RF-EMF at below 0.1 mT on growth and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth increased 43.5% at 30 hours but decreased 20.7% at 89 hours. Cell viability improved 70.1% at 8 hours and reduced 33.5% at 28 hours. Superoxide accumulation increased with radiation time, which may explain the inhibition of viability and growth.

Lipid Oxidation Induced by RF Waves and Mediated by Ferritin Iron Causes Activation of Ferritin-Tagged Ion Channels

Hernández-Morales M, Shang T, Chen J, Han V, Liu C · 2020

The study used the FeRIC system to uncover how RF waves activate ferritin-tagged ion channels. In cells with TRPVFeRIC channels, RF increased the labile iron pool in a ferritin-dependent way. The released iron produced reactive oxygen species and oxidized lipids that activated the channels. The pathway suggests RF could similarly activate other lipid-sensitive TRP channels.

Effects of different mobile phone UMTS signals on DNA, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes

Gulati et al. · 2020

Researchers compared genotoxic effects of three UMTS frequency channels used by 3G phones (1923, 1947.47, and 1977 MHz) in human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were exposed for 1 hour and 3 hours and tested for ROS, DNA damage, TP53 mutations, preleukemic fusion genes, and apoptosis. No effects were seen on ROS, apoptosis, preleukemic fusion genes, or TP53 mutations at any frequency, though bulk RNA expression was inhibited. A small but statistically significant increase in DNA damage occurred depending on the UMTS frequency channel, with the maximum effect at 1977.0 MHz.

Continuous Exposure to 1.7 GHz LTE Electromagnetic Fields Increases Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species to Decrease Human Cell Proliferation and Induce Senescence

Choi J, Min K, Jeon S, Kim N, Pack JK, Song K · 2020

Researchers exposed multiple human cell types, including adipose-derived stem cells, liver cancer stem cells, HeLa, SH-SY5Y, and IMR-90 fibroblasts, to 1.7 GHz LTE RF-EMF continuously for 72 hours at 1 and 2 SAR. Cell proliferation decreased in all cell types, with a stronger effect at 2 SAR than at 1 SAR and a milder effect in adipose-derived stem cells. Exposure did not cause DNA double-strand breaks or apoptosis but caused a slight G1-to-S cell-cycle delay, and senescence appeared in ASCs and Huh7 cells at 2 SAR, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS that mediated the anti-proliferative effect.

Impact of Cerebral Radiofrequency Exposures on Oxidative Stress and Corticosterone in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Unknown authors · 2020

Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers randomly divided 120 Wistar rats into ten groups of 12 and exposed them to RF-EMF, 10 cGy x-rays, 8 Gy x-rays, combinations of these, or sham exposure. They measured liver enzymes in serum, as well as histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers including MDA, nitric oxide, antioxidant power, total thiols, and PCO. Gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation, but aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some association. MDA and PCO levels increased after 8 Gy irradiation, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF modulated these changes, and lobular inflammation frequency was associated with the intervention type.