Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing all 6,486 studies
Lewis C. Gershman
Researchers exposed rabbits to microwave radiation at 5.85 GHz pulsed or 2.45 GHz continuous wave at 15 milliwatts/cm² for one hour daily over ten days. The previously reported decrease in albumin/globulin ratio was not observed. The authors concluded that microwave irradiation under these conditions had no significant effect on the animals' physiologic processes.
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H. D. Baillie
The study used fifteen adult mongrel dogs exposed to 2.5 GHz microwaves at a power density of 5 W/cm². A single-exposure threshold of 60 seconds was identified at normal body temperature. The authors concluded that microwave cataractogenesis is directly or indirectly a thermal phenomenon.
Alvin M. Burner
M. Saito, H. P. Schwan
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Utility Tower Company
CARL H. SUTTON
The review covers recent advances in using microwaves and other RF radiations for physical diagnosis and cancer therapy. A diagnostic technique combining radiometric readings of endogenous infrared and microwave emissions detects breast cancer with accuracy equal to xero-mammography and poses no radiation risk. A therapeutic approach combining microwaves with X irradiation for malignant melanoma allows reduction of the ionizing radiation dose without losing therapeutic efficacy. These and other applications in clinical use or animal model trials are discussed alongside biomedical, regulatory, and economic problems slowing research and development.
Unknown authors
H. M. Schlicke
P. Lövsund, P.A. Öberg, S.E.G. Nilsson
Houk, B., Zeischka (?), and others
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The study covered 94 patients. 86 of those patients achieved partial or complete symptomatic relief. Among 46 patients with before and after roentgenograms, observable absorption of calcium was seen in 42 cases. The authors concluded that sufficient evidence shows Diapulse PUHF energy is a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for rheumatic diseases.
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The standard applies to microwave ovens manufactured after October 6, 1971 that operate at frequencies from 890 megahertz to 6,000 megahertz. It requires two safety interlocks, one concealed, and mandates that failure of any single component cannot disable all interlocks. Compliance is tested with the oven at maximum output heating 735 milliliters of tap water at 20° ± 5 centigrade. Manufacturers must provide service instructions with warnings about microwave radiation exposure.
Ronald W. P. King, Glenn S. Smith
Clyde E. Ingalls
Experiments showed that radar transmitters operating at 1, 3, and 10 k Mc/sec could be heard. The hearing occurred without using the ear, as window screening blocked the sound but placing the ear through a hole in the screen did not restore it, while only a spot on the head above the forehead allowed perception. The author concluded that neither air nor bone conduction explains the effect and that direct nervous system involvement is more likely.
Sheldon S. Sandler, Glenn S. Smith, Ernest N. Albert
Researchers exposed freshly dissected bullfrog spinal cord and brainstem tissue to a pulsed electric field of 1.3 × 10⁶ V/m for about 25 ms (six pulses). The pulse design produced a high electric-field intensity while keeping the estimated temperature rise to 0.001 °C per pulse, making thermal heating negligible. Light microscopy of thionin- and hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections revealed no gross histological alterations in large motor neurons of exposed tissue compared with controls. Exposed neurons showed no signs of eccentric nuclei, vacuolation, or hypochromasia of the cytoplasm.
J. D. Hardy, D. Murgatroyd
Pain reports were predictably related to skin temperature at the end of exposure, not to irradiance or exposure time alone. On the face, pain threshold temperature did not change significantly with area size, varying between subjects from 43.3°C to 46.9°C. Whole anterior or posterior body exposure lowered the pain threshold to about 43°C and was described as intolerable.
Arne Eriksson, Kjell Hansson Mild