EMF Research Studies

Expression levels of tam receptors and ligands in the testes of rats exposed to short and middle-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2024

Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones

Karamazı Y, Emre M, Uçar S, Aksoy G, Emre T, Tokuş M · 2024

The study used 20 female and 20 male Wistar Albino rats divided into four groups with different exposure patterns to 6 GHz RF-EMF at 0.054 W/kg. Rats were exposed for 4 hours per day for 6 weeks before mating, and pregnant rats in Group-II and Group-III were exposed for 4 hours per day for 18 days of gestation. Fetal weight, body lengths, and bone measurements all increased significantly in every exposure group compared with controls.

The impact of radiofrequency exposure on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed 30 Aedes aegypti eggs to radiofrequency radiation at baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz, with each frequency tested in triplicate. They assessed hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation periods until adult emergence. The 900 MHz group showed the highest hatching rate at 79 ± 10.54% and the lowest adult emergence rate at 33 ± 2.77%, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.03).

Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on male fertility

Unknown authors · 2024

The study aimed to determine the effect of electromagnetic waves from mobile phone stations on sperm parameters and the male reproductive system. Researchers enrolled 216 men aged 18 to 60 years, dividing them into two equal groups based on whether they lived close to cell phone tower stations for at least six months or 100 meters away. The exposed group showed a trend toward a lower percentage of normal sperm morphology compared to the non-exposed group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The exposed group also showed trends toward decreased total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility, again without statistical significance.

Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, a sham control and an exposure group, and exposed the latter to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Histological examination of brain tissue from the exposed group revealed vascular alterations and significant edema. The comet assay showed much more cellular damage in the exposed group (18.26% tail DNA) than in controls (4.06% tail DNA). Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells in the exposed group. Bax and bcl-2 mRNA levels differed significantly between groups, while p53 did not change.

Effects of 4.9 GHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure on Brain Metabolomic and Proteomic gap junction communication

Wang et al. · 2024

Radio-Frequency-Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Human Sleep Electroencephalogram: A Randomized Controlled Study in CACNA1C Genotyped Healthy Volunteers

Sousouria G et al. · 2024

Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G communications on the spatial memory and emotionality in mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers investigated the effects of 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field on emotional behaviors and spatial memory in adult male mice. They used open field test, tail suspension test, and Y maze to assess anxiety, depression-like behavior, and spatial memory. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory did not change after exposure, but depression-like behavior was induced. Neuron number decreased and pyroptosis increased in the amygdala but not the hippocampus.

Evaluation of electric field (E) exposure levels and its relationship with the sleep quality of residents around the BTS antennas in Sabzevar, Iran

Unknown authors · 2024

The study aimed to evaluate RF-EMF exposure at three time intervals and three distances from BTS antennas in Sabzevar, Iran. Electric field averages and maximum averages differed significantly across time periods, distances of 50, 100, and 300 meters, and between suburban and downtown antenna locations. No significant differences in electric field levels were found across different microenvironments. Residents near BTS antennas reported poor sleep quality, with significantly worse sleep for those living within 100 meters compared to those beyond 300 meters. All measured electric field levels were below safety limits set by Iranian and international standards, indicating no potential risk in the study area.

2024 Orientation of birds in radiofrequency fields in the absence of the Earth’s magnetic field: a possible test for the radical pair mechanism of magnetoreception. J. R

Unknown authors · 2024

The magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds is thought to derive from magnetically sensitive photochemical reactions in cryptochromes located in photoreceptor cells in the birds’ retinas. Spin dynamics simulations indicate that birds may orient in a monochromatic radiofrequency field without the Earth’s magnetic field.

Influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on sleep patterns in preterm neonates

Unknown authors · 2024

The study found no consolidated disruption in sleep structure. It is the first to show that some sleep parameters seem to have a certain sensitivity to chronic but not acute RF-EMF exposure in preterm newborns. The authors call for further studies to confirm the results and examine possible mid- to long-term sleep-related cardiorespiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Maternal linalool treatment protects against radiofrequency wave-induced deteriorations in adolescent rats: A behavioral and electrophysiological study

Azimzadeh M, Noorbakhshnia M · 2024

Pregnant rats were divided into four groups (control, wave, wave+linalool, linalool), received linalool at 25 mg/kg by gavage for 21 days, and were irradiated from day 0 to day 21 of pregnancy. Offspring were tested on postnatal days 50 and 60 and showed anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test, impaired learning and memory in the Morris water maze and shuttle box, and reduced fEPSP amplitude and slope at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse. Hippocampal iron, copper, manganese, and copper/zinc ratio were increased while zinc was decreased in exposed offspring, and linalool administration reversed the increases and normalized most trace elements except zinc.

Rat brain and testicular tissue effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure: Histopathological, DNA damage of brain and qRT-PCR analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH. JUL 2024

Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S · 2024

Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, one sham control and one exposed to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Brain tissue from exposed rats showed vascular alterations and significant edema. The exposed group had 18.26% tail DNA compared to 4.06% in controls, indicating more cellular damage. Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells. Bax and bcl-2 gene expression changed significantly, while p53 did not.

Study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced in human fibroblasts by exposure to pulsed and continuous 1.6 GHz radiofrequency

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed human dermal fibroblasts to continuous and pulsed 1.6 GHz radiofrequency at 0.4 W/kg for 2 hours. Exposure altered heat-shock protein expression, cytoskeletal organization, and increased lysosomes, with autophagosomes only after pulsed exposure. Mitotic spindle anomalies occurred but no significant effects were seen on cell cycle, chromosome segregation, micronuclei, or DNA damage foci.

Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Enhances Melanin Synthesis by Activating the P53 Signaling Pathway in Mel-Ab Melanocytes

Kim JH et al. · 2024

Researchers exposed Mel-Ab melanocytes to 1760 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg for 4 hours per day over 4 days. Exposure significantly increased melanin production, indicating enhanced skin pigmentation. Phosphorylation of CREB and expression of MITF were significantly increased after RF-EMF exposure. Tyrosinase expression increased significantly but its activity did not change. Expression of p53 and MC1R also increased significantly.

Exposure to Radiofrequency Induces Synaptic Dysfunction in Cortical Neurons Causing Learning and Memory Alteration in Early Postnatal Mice

Unknown authors · 2024

The study investigated the effects of 1850 MHz RF-EMF exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg on cortical neurons in mice at postnatal day 28. Daily exposure for 4 weeks significantly reduced the number of mushroom-shaped dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex. Prolonged exposure over 9 days gradually decreased postsynaptic density 95 puncta and inhibited neurite outgrowth in developing cortical neurons. Expression levels of genes associated with synapse formation, such as synaptic cell adhesion molecules and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, were reduced in the cerebral cortexes of exposed mice. Behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze revealed altered spatial learning and memory after the 4-week exposure period.

Transcriptional response of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Cantu JC, Butterworth JW, Payne JA, Echchgadda I · 2024

The effect of exposure to radiofrequency LTE signal and coexposure to mitomycin-C in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells to a 1950 MHz LTE signal at SAR values of 0.3 and 1.25 W/kg. Exposure to the LTE signal alone did not cause any measurable chromosomal damage, oxidative stress, or changes in cell cycle progression. A 20-hour pre-exposure at 1.25 W/kg before mitomycin-C treatment significantly reduced micronuclei, and ROS formation was significantly decreased at both SAR levels. Shorter pre-exposures, lower SAR, or continuous wave exposure did not alter mitomycin-C-induced micronuclei.

Evaluation of mitochondrial stress following ultraviolet radiation and 5G radiofrequency field exposure in human skin cells

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers evaluated the impact of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz RF EMF on mitochondrial stress in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes exposed for 24 hours at specific absorption rates of 0.25, 1, and 4 W/kg. They found a statistically significant reduction in mitochondrial ROS in fibroblasts at 1 W/kg, a slight but statistically significant enhancement of UV-B effects in keratinocytes at 0.25 and 1 W/kg, and no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential or apoptosis in any cell type or exposure condition.

Changes in honey bee nutrition after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed 2-day-old Carniolan worker honey bees to radiofrequency fields of 12 V/m, 28 V/m, and 61 V/m for 0.25, 1, and 3 hours. Hemolymph was collected from 40 bees per group immediately after exposure to measure total proteins, glucose, triglycerides, and TAS activity. The 12 V/m and 28 V/m exposure groups showed statistically significant differences in total proteins, TAS, and triglycerides compared to controls in most cases. The researchers concluded that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields disturb honey bee nutrition and the changes may have long-term effects.

Investigating the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on molecular pathways related to insulin resistance and adipogenesis in zebrafish embryos - A pilot study without quantitative exposure metrics

Unknown authors · 2024

Effects of non-ionizing radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on the development and behavior of early embryos of Danio rerio

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to mobile phone radiation at 1800 MHz and 1.13 W/kg for 1 hour daily over 5 days, starting at 1, 6, or 24 hours post-fertilization. No significant changes were observed in survival rate, morphology, oxidative stress, or cortisol levels across any exposure group. However, embryos exposed from 1 hour post-fertilization showed statistically significant reductions in distance travelled and increased yolk sac area compared to controls.

Radio frequency electromagnetic radiations interfere with the Leydig cell functions in-vitro

Unknown authors · 2024

Frequency-Dependent Antioxidant Responses in HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells Exposed to Weak Radio Frequency Fields

Gurhan, H., Barnes, F. · 2024

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genetic Instability Among Residents Near Mobile Phone Base Stations in Germany

Gulati S et al. · 2024

Researchers identified two neighboring housing estates with relatively low or high RF-EMF from nearby mobile phone base stations and 24 healthy adults who had lived in their homes for at least five years volunteered. Homes were surveyed for EMF and blood samples were tested for oxidative status, DNA alterations, chromosomal damage, and cancer-related genetic markers such as MLL gene rearrangements. Long-term exposure had no measurable effect on MLL gene rearrangements or c-Abl-gene transcription, and lipid oxidation and oxidative DNA lesions were higher but not statistically significant. Dicentric chromosomes, chromatid gaps, chromosomal fragments, and total chromosomal aberrations were significantly higher in the exposed group. No potential confounder interfered with these findings.