Manti L et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to a UMTS signal at a frequency carrier of 1.95 GHz for 24 hours at 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg SAR. Cells were also given 4 Gy of X rays immediately before RF radiation or sham exposures, and chromosome aberrations were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. No significant variations due to the UMTS exposure were found in the fraction of aberrant cells, but the frequency of exchanges per cell showed a small but statistically significant increase of 0.11 exchange per cell compared to 0 W/kg SAR.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers measured radiofrequency fields from wireless local area networks using Wi-Fi technology against background RF fields in the frequency range 75 MHz to 3 GHz. They conducted 356 measurements at 55 sites including residences, commercial spaces, healthcare and educational institutions, and other public spaces in the U.S., France, Germany, and Sweden. Measurements were taken under conditions that would result in the higher end of exposures, including close to Wi-Fi access points and at a distance of approximately 1 m from a laptop uploading and downloading large files. In all cases, measured Wi-Fi signal levels were very far below international exposure limits (IEEE C95.1-2005 and ICNIRP) and in nearly all cases far below other RF signals in the same environments.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed murine L929 fibroblasts, rat C6 glioblastoma cells, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and rat primary astrocytes to 872 MHz RF radiation. Cells were exposed for 2, 8, or 24 hours to continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at specific absorption rates of 1.5, 2.5, or 6.0 W/kg. ODC activity in rat primary astrocytes decreased significantly at 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg with both signal types. Secondary cell lines showed generally no change in ODC activity.
Sommer AM, Bitz AK, Streckert J, Hansen VW, Lerchl A · 2007
Schmid G et al. · 2007
A numerical model of the human middle and inner ear was developed at 0.1 mm resolution based on a real human tissue sample. The model was inserted into a commercial head model and FDTD computations were run for handheld device exposures from 400 to 3700 MHz. Highest absorption occurred at 400 MHz with 166 microW in the labyrinth and 12 microW in the vestibulocochlear nerve for a 500 mW device. For typical mobile phone frequencies (900 MHz and 1850 MHz) and output power values (250 mW and 125 mW), absorbed RF power was more than one order of magnitude lower than the values given above. The researchers concluded that temperature-related biologically relevant effects from typical handheld devices are unlikely.
Schmid G et al. · 2007
Researchers measured the dielectric properties of 20 freshly removed human pineal glands less than 20 hours after death. They developed a high-resolution numerical model of the brain region around the pineal gland based on a real human tissue sample. FDTD computations were performed for handheld device exposures close to the head at 400-1850 MHz. The highest absorption was at 400 MHz with 11 microW absorbed in a 96 mg gland from a 500 mW device. At 900 MHz and 1850 MHz, absorption was lower by factors of 4.2 and 36 respectively.
Saran A et al. · 2007
Two hundred Ptc1+/- mice and wild-type siblings were enrolled, and newborns were exposed to 900 MHz radiation at 0.4 W/kg average SAR for 5 days, 0.5 hours twice daily, or sham exposed. GSM-simulated RF fields did not affect survival, with no statistically significant differences between exposed and sham groups. No effects were seen on cerebellar tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, or skin proliferative lesions.
Ribeiro EP, Rhoden EL, Horn MM, Rhoden C, Lima LP, Toniolo L · 2007
Researchers randomly divided 16 male Wistar rats into experimental and control groups; the experimental group was exposed to GSM radiofrequency (1,835–1,850 MHz) for 1 hour daily over 11 weeks. They measured rectal temperature, testicular and epididymal weight, lipid peroxidation, serum testosterone, sperm count, and histopathological endpoints. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control groups in any measured endpoint.
Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A, Stovner L · 2007
Seventeen eligible individuals who experienced symptoms in an open provocation test took part in a double-blind, randomized provocation study with cross-over design. Sixty-five pairs of sham and mobile phone RF exposures were conducted. The increase in pain or discomfort on visual analogue scales was 10.1 in RF sessions and 12.6 in sham sessions (P=0.30). Changes in heart rate or blood pressure were not related to the type of exposure (P: 0.30-0.88). The study gave no evidence that RF fields from mobile phones may cause head pain or discomfort or influence physiological variables.
Oberto G et al. · 2007
Researchers conducted an 18-month carcinogenicity study in Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz RF radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0.5, 1.4, or 4.0 W/kg. A total of 500 mice, 50 per sex per group, were exposed, sham-exposed, or used as cage controls, and the study was conducted blind. The study found no effect of the RF radiation on tumor incidence at any site and did not confirm the earlier report of increased lymphomas in Repacholi et al.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed rat heads to 1439 MHz RF-EMF for 10 minutes at three intensity doses of 0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 W/kg BASAR. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, plasma velocity, and vessel diameter using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of intravenously injected dyes from pial venules was found at any BASAR level. No significant changes in the number of endothelial-adhering leukocytes after exposure were found. Plasma velocities and vessel diameters remained constant within the physiological range throughout each exposure.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed the heads of rats for four weeks (60 min/day, 5 days/week) to RF-EMF at 2.4 W/kg of brain averaged specific absorption rate (BASAR). They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, and plasma velocity using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of dyes from pial venules was found, no significant changes in endothelial-adhering leukocytes occurred, and plasma velocity remained constant within the physiological range. These findings suggest that there were no effects on the cerebral microcirculation under the given RF-EMF exposure conditions.
Klaeboe L, Blaasaas KG, Tynes T. · 2007
Researchers tested whether radio-frequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones increase the incidence of gliomas, meningiomas, and acoustic neuromas in adults. They collected detailed mobile phone use information from 289 glioma patients, 207 meningioma patients, 45 acoustic neuroma patients, and 358 controls. For regular mobile phone use defined as at least once a week for at least six months, the odds ratios were 0.6 for gliomas, 0.8 for meningiomas, and 0.5 for acoustic neuromas. No increasing trend was observed for gliomas or acoustic neuromas with longer duration, time since first use, or cumulative use. The results indicate that mobile phone use is not associated with an increased risk of these tumors.
Juutilainen J, Heikkinen P, Soikkeli H, Mäki-Paakkanen J. · 2007
Jia F, Ushiyama A, Masuda H, Lawlor GF, Ohkubo C. · 2007
Researchers measured local temperature changes in rabbit pinnae during 20-minute RF exposures at SAR levels of 0, 2.3, 10.0, and 34.3 W/kg under normal blood flow and without blood flow. Blood flow significantly suppressed temperature increases even at 34.3 W/kg, while 2.3 and 10.0 W/kg did not induce significant temperature rises under normal blood flow conditions. However, 2.3 W/kg induced local skin temperature elevation when blood flow was absent. The authors concluded that physiological blood flow effects should be considered when extrapolating modeling data to living animals.
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human-derived cell lines TK6, HL60, and Mono-Mac-6 to intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 hours at SARs of 0, 1, and 10 W/kg. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle kinetics were measured immediately after exposure and 18 hours later. Cytokine expression (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12) was also assessed. No detectable changes in cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, or cytokine expression were observed in any exposed group compared to sham controls. The positive heat-shock control showed decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and a G(2)/M cell cycle block.
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers examined the effect of RF field exposure on late onset gene expression in U87MG cells after a 24 h exposure period. A human monocyte-derived cell line (MM6) was exposed to intermittent RF fields for 6 h and gene expression was assessed immediately and at 18 h postexposure. Both cell lines were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 or 24 h at SARs of 0.1-10.0 W/kg. The study found no evidence that nonthermal RF field exposure altered gene expression in either U87MG or MM6 cells relative to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 h altered the expression of well-characterized heat-shock proteins in both cell lines.
Speit G, Schütz P, Hoffmann H. · 2007
Researchers exposed ES1 cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 2 W/kg SAR with intermittent exposure and tested for DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. They also tested V79 Chinese hamster cells and found no genotoxic effect in either assay. Quality control measures were used to rule out test performance issues, exposure failure, or evaluation bias.
Platano D et al. · 2007
Researchers studied the non-thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on barium currents through voltage-gated calcium channels in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons using the patch-clamp technique. Neurons were exposed for one to three periods of 90 seconds to 900 MHz continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals during whole-cell recording at specific absorption rates of 2 W/kg for both modulation types. Single or multiple acute exposures to either continuous wave or GSM-modulated 900 MHz fields did not significantly alter the current amplitude or the current-voltage relationship through voltage-gated calcium channels.
Perentos N, Croft RJ, McKenzie RJ, Cvetkovic D, Cosic I · 2007
Researchers used a fully counterbalanced cross-over design with 12 participants to test mobile phone-like RF exposure effects on EEG. Exposures lasted 15 minutes using a dipole antenna more closely resembling a real GSM handset.
Irlenbusch L et al. · 2007
Researchers measured the visual discrimination threshold in 33 subjects during both RF and sham exposures. Each experiment consisted of two 30-minute periods with a 5-minute break, and the threshold was recorded every 10 seconds. The RF exposure used a 902.4 MHz GSM signal pulsed at 217 Hz with a power flux density of 1 W/m². No statistically significant difference in the threshold was found between RF and sham exposures.
Hirose H et al. · 2007
Researchers performed an in vitro study of low-level RF fields from IMT-2000 base stations to test if modulated signals cause hsp27 phosphorylation and overexpression. No significant differences in phosphorylated hsp27 at serine 82 or in hsp gene expression were found between exposed and sham-exposed groups.
Fritzer G et al. · 2007
Wilén J, Wiklund U, Hörnsten R, Sandström M. · 2007
The study aimed to investigate changes in heart rate variability among RF plastic sealer operators. Researchers found significantly increased total HRV and VLF power during nighttime in RF operators compared to a control group. This finding, together with a previous finding of lower nighttime heart rate, indicates a relative increase in parasympathetic cardiac modulation in RF operators.
