EMF Research Studies

INFORMAL REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS AND RF FIELD INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS MADE AT A COMMERCIAL FM/TV TOWER LOCATED IN EL PASO, TEXAS

Z. Glaser, R. Curtis · 1978

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RECOMMENDATIONS: OBSERVATIONS ON THE USES OF RF/MICROWAVE ENERGY

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health et al. · 1978

NIOSH mailed more than 300 contact letters in July 1978 to manufacturers, users, trade associations, professional societies, and labor unions. The letters requested information on bioeffects studies, engineering controls, medical monitoring, protective devices, measurement techniques, work practices, recordkeeping, and warning devices. The Summary Plant Observation Report prepared in March 1979 was incorporated into the draft criteria document chapters on environmental data and engineering controls and on work practices.

Local resistance from nearby residents and landowners is often based on fears of adverse health effects despite reassurances from telecommunications service providers that international exposure standards will be followed

Unknown authors · 1978

The paper reviews existing studies of people living or working near cellular infrastructure for long-term, low-level radiofrequency radiation exposures. Anecdotal reports and some epidemiology studies found headaches, skin rashes, sleep disturbances, depression, decreased libido, increased rates of suicide, concentration problems, dizziness, memory changes, increased risk of cancer, tremors, and other neurophysiological effects in populations near base stations. Epidemiological research in this area is sparse and contradictory, and exposures are difficult to quantify given increasing background RFR from consumer products. Some research warrants caution in infrastructure siting and further epidemiology research on total ambient RFR exposures is warranted.

RF Dielectric Properties Measurement System: Human and Animal Data

J. Toler, J. Seals · 1977

RF (10-40 MHz) Personnel Exposure-Industrial Hygiene Problems

David L. Conover · 1977

RF Radiation Absorption Patterns: Human and Animal Modeling Data

Arthur W. Guy, Michael D. Webb, John A. McDougall · 1977

Measurement of RF Power-Absorption in Biological Specimens (10 to 100 MHz)

Frank M. Greene · 1977

The exact measurement point on the feed line is not critical, and measurements can be made at full operating power without interrupting exposure tests. In an example with 100 watts forward power and 11.1 watts reflected power, the specimen absorbed 44.4 watts, which is half the load power. The absorbed power can never exceed half the forward power, reaching this maximum when reflected power is 25 percent of forward power.

Measurement of RF Power-Absorption in Biological Specimens

Frank M. Greene · 1977

Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation, ICP/CEP 803

Michaelson SM · 1977

RF dielectric properties measurement system-- Human and animal data, DHEW Publication #77-176

Toler J, Seals J · 1977

Spermatozoan Activity and Insemination in Tenebrio molitor Following Radiofrequency Electrical Treatment (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

P. S. Rai, H. J. Ball, S. O. Nelson, L. E. Stetson · 1977

AN OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES AND APPROPRIATE INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC PERSONNEL HAZARD SURVEYS

Maj R. B. Graham, Capt John M. Hemphill · 1977

A SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE RADIOFREQUENCY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE HIGH FREQUENCY BAND

Douglas A. Hill et al. · 1977

Researchers built a rectangular coaxial TEM cell to measure radiofrequency absorption in the human body from 10 to 26 MHz radiation. They made 17 preliminary measurements on three volunteers at 23.25 MHz, finding absorption results reproducible for each subject but differing between subjects. With 400 W incident power producing 1 mW/cm² power density, subjects absorbed 0 to 2 W, with higher absorption in EKH orientation than KEH orientation, and EKH absorption exceeded ellipsoid model predictions.

Trends in Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Bioeffects Research and Related Occupational Health Aspects

C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977

The authors selectively reviewed international literature from circa 1970 to 1977 on biological and clinical phenomena associated with microwave or radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. The review concluded that mechanisms of EM field bioeffects were becoming better understood as investigative technology and methodology improved. Recent Western evidence supported Soviet and European claims that EM fields can affect nervous system function and morphology in small mammals, birds, and invertebrates at power levels below those defined as thermogenic in the West. Clinical studies in the West did not corroborate Soviet and East European clinical surveys reporting reversible psychophysiological dysfunctions from chronic low-level exposure.

RF Cell Culture Irradiation System with Controlled Temperature and Field Strength

Arthur W. Guy · 1977

The system was designed for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to determine human RF exposure thresholds in the frequency range D.C. to 100 MHz. The final design uses concentric stainless steel rings with a teflon bottom that forms a liquid-tight seal compressed by brass retainer clamps.

THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Leonard S. Taylor, Augustine Y. Cheung · 1977

The paper reviews representative studies on microwave and radiofrequency biological effects and proposed interaction mechanisms. The review considers neuroendocrine alterations, hematopoietic effects, and effects on neural systems. Studies report alterations in CNS bioelectrical activity, behavior, and excitable cell systems at microwave intensities of 10 mi/om² or less.

Radiofrequency in the operating-theatre (lett)

Fox JW, Knadle RT Jr., Brook RH · 1976

Microwave leakage indication

Kashyap SC, Wong JY, Dunn JG · 1976

The first system uses a liquid crystal film backed by microwave absorbing material that changes color from black to blue when exposed to microwaves. The color change occurs at a power density determined by the film's operating temperature and the absorbing material's properties. Normal room temperature changes have negligible effect on the strip, and hot vapor effects can be minimized with thermal insulation backing. The second system uses RF detector diodes distributed on a transmission line connected to a voltmeter, indicating the maximum RF field along the slot. With diodes spaced at 2λ intervals on a 1.0-inch wide, 12-inch long slot line, the device indicates when leakage exceeds a permissible level.

RF field intensity measurements in selected broadcast facilities, Serial No. 3

Wang JCH, Linthicum JM · 1976

A Measurement of RF Field Intensities in the Immediate Vicinity of an FM Broadcast Station Antenna

R. A. Tell · 1976

Materials for Selective Tissue Heating in a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field for the Combined Chemothermal Treatment of Brain Tumors

R. A. MOIDEL, S. K. WOLFSON, JR., R. G. SELKER, S. B. WEINER · 1976

Pacemakers and External Interference

Elmqvist H · 1976

The paper describes interference mechanisms, the most common sources of external electromagnetic interference, and their influence on different types of pacemakers. It identifies three ways external electromagnetic interference can influence pacemaker function. Remote sources include microwave ovens, radar installations, and radio-transmitters, while direct contact sources include defibrillation, diathermy, short-wave treatment equipment, and household appliances with poor insulation. A survey of over 2200 patients found only 10 cases of interference with no serious consequences. Modern pacemakers use an interference filter that discriminates signals by repetition rate and a metal encapsulation that reduces microwave effects.

Analysis of Transit Time Effects on Doppler Flow Measurement

Vernon L. Newhouse, Phillip J. Bendick, L. William Varner · 1976

The study derived a mathematical relation between the transmitted spectral density and the output spectral density for broad-bandwidth random-signal Doppler flow measurement systems operating under transit-time-limited conditions. The authors showed that random or pseudorandom Doppler systems give the same output spectrum as pulsed RF Doppler systems provided the transmitted spectral density envelopes match.

RF Field Intensity Measurements in Selected Broadcast Facilities

John C.H. Wang, Jack M. Linthicum · 1976

DEVELOPMENT OF AN RF NEAR-FIELD EXPOSURE SYNTHESIZER (10 to 40MHz)

Frank M. Greene · 1976