Li L, Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL. · 2014
Researchers evaluated 50 Hz ELF-EMF occupational exposure on neurobehavior tests of 310 inspection workers and 300 logistics staff. Neurobehavior tests included mental arithmetic, curve coincide, simple visual reaction time, visual retention, auditory digit span and pursuit aiming. No statistically significant changes in neurobehavior scores were found. Results across different age and seniority groups also showed no significant changes.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers investigated acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF on naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Acute exposure up to 1000 μT did not affect basal or depolarization-evoked calcium levels in naïve cells. Sub-chronic exposure up to 1000 μT had no consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, or membrane integrity in naïve cells. In chemically stressed cells, both acute and sub-chronic exposure also failed to exert consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity. The authors concluded that exposure up to 1000 μT does not induce neurotoxic effects in vitro in either cell type.
Shirai T et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 hours a day over three generations. No abnormalities were observed in mother rats or offspring across any biological parameters including neurobehavioral function. The study used three SAR levels: high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), and sham exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed from gestational day 7 to weaning, and offspring were continuously exposed until 6 weeks of age.
Klose M et al. · 2014
Female Wistar rats from 14 days to 19 months were exposed in the head region for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week to a GSM-modulated 900 MHz field at SAR values of 0, 0.7, 2.5, and 10 W/kg. Four behavioral and learning tests (rotarod, Morris water maze, 8-arm radial maze, open field) were performed three times in juvenile, adult, and presenile rats. No profound differences were identified between exposure groups, though rotarod data showed significantly longer holding times for sham-exposed rats on some days, but these findings were not consistent. The results do not indicate harmful effects of long-term RF-EMF exposure begun at an early age on development, learning, and behavior, even at relatively high SAR values.
Kim HS et al. · 2014
Researchers assigned male Sprague-Dawley rats to cage-control, sham-exposed, and CDMA-exposed groups, with six rats per group. The CDMA-exposed rats received whole-body exposure to an 848.5 MHz CDMA signal at 2 W/kg for either 1 or 8 hours daily, five days a week, for two weeks. During the last five exposure days, all rats were injected with BrdU to label dividing cells, and the numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus were estimated using an unbiased stereological method. The study found no significant difference in BrdU-positive cell counts in either brain region between CDMA-exposed rats and both control groups.
Kang KA et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed U87, PC12, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to combined radiofrequency radiation at 837 MHz CDMA and 1950 MHz WCDMA with a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg each for 2 hours. They also tested co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione and measured intracellular reactive oxygen species using flow cytometry with a fluorescent probe. Combined RF radiation alone did not consistently affect ROS levels in a time-dependent manner, and co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione showed no statistically significant change compared to the chemicals alone.
Fasseas MK et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed synchronized populations of C. elegans at different developmental stages to radiation from GSM mobile phones, Wi-Fi routers, and DECT phones at electric field levels below ICNIRP guidelines. They examined wild-type and aging- or stress-sensitive mutant worms for changes in growth, fertility, lifespan, chemotaxis, short-term memory, ROS production, and apoptosis using fluorescent markers and qRT-PCR. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control animals in any of the measured outcomes.
Szyjkowska A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W, Bortkiewicz A. · 2014
Most respondents used their phones daily or almost daily. Users who talked frequently and for long periods reported headaches (63.2%) and fatigue (45%) significantly more often than other users. Intensive users also reported warmth around the ear (47.3%) and at the auricle (44.6%) more frequently. Most symptoms appeared during or right after a call and disappeared within 2 hours, though 26% reported continuous headache lasting over 6 hours.
Zhou H et al. · 2014
Researchers used the finite-difference time-domain method to compute the specific absorption rate (SAR) of radio frequency (RF) waves in the human brain and to investigate the effects of geometry and polarisation on SAR value. The results suggested that high SAR values were found in the brain at approximately 250 MHz for vertical polarisation and 900-1200 MHz for both vertical and horizontal polarisation, which may be the result of head resonance at these frequencies.
Vijayalaxmi, Prihoda TJ. · 2014
The study aimed to investigate whether mobile phone radiofrequency fields and brain cancer show an adaptive response. The authors re-examined all odds ratios from the INTERPHONE study published in 2011. Their analysis showed 24.3% decreased and 0.7% increased risk for meningioma and 22.1% decreased and 6.6% increased risk for glioma. They hypothesized that the overwhelming evidence for decreased risk may be due to induction of an adaptive response.
Vereshchako GG, Chueshova NV, Gorokh GA, Naumov AD. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of prolonged 897 MHz cell phone radiation exposure on male rats from irradiated parents during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Irradiation decreased the number of births and shifted the sex ratio toward more males. Radiation accelerated sexual development at two months, caused disproportions in spermatogenic cell stages, and increased mature sperm count while reducing their viability.
Varsier N et al. · 2014
Researchers analyzed the influence of pregnancy stage and fetus position on whole-body and brain exposure of the fetus to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 2100 MHz. They used semi-homogeneous pregnant woman models between 8 and 32 weeks of amenorrhea. Whole-body and average brain exposures decreased during the first trimester. From the beginning of the second trimester, whole-body and average brain exposures were quite stable. A fetal head-up position produced slightly higher brain exposure than a head-down position, while whole-body exposures were similar.
Trunk A et al. · 2014
Researchers recorded EEG and event-related potentials in an oddball paradigm during four sessions combining caffeine and UMTS mobile phone exposure. Caffeine significantly shortened reaction time and decreased the P300 area under the curve compared to control or mobile phone exposure alone. No effects on reaction time or P300 were observed for UMTS mobile phone exposure alone or combined with caffeine. The authors concluded no interactive or synergistic effects of caffeine and UMTS mobile phone exposure on neural or cognitive measures.
Thors B et al. · 2014
The paper investigated different methods for practical numerical radio frequency exposure compliance assessments of radio base station products. Assessments based on peak field strengths were less computationally intensive but led to larger compliance distances than spatial averaging of electromagnetic fields combined with localized SAR assessments. For adult exposure, shorter compliance distances were obtained using assessments based on localized and whole-body SAR. Numerical simulations using base station products with MIMO transmission schemes agreed with reference measurements.
Soran ML, Stan M, Niinemets U, Copolovici L · 2014
Researchers exposed Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens and Anethum graveolens to microwave irradiation at WLAN and GSM frequencies. Exposure resulted in thinner cell walls, smaller chloroplasts and mitochondria, and increased emissions of monoterpenes and green leaf volatiles. The structural and emission changes were stronger for WLAN-frequency microwaves. GSM-frequency microwaves increased essential oil content, while WLAN-frequency microwaves decreased it.
Sepehrimanesh M et al. · 2014
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 1, 2, or 4 hours per day over 30 days, with a sham-exposed control group. At the end of the experiment, the long-time exposure group showed significantly higher FSH and LH levels than the sham group. The long-time exposure group also had significantly increased activin B and prolactin, decreased inhibin B compared to sham and short-time exposure groups, and decreased testosterone compared to short- and moderate-time exposure groups.
Sasaki K, Wake K, Watanabe S · 2014
Previous measurements of skin dielectric properties typically included all three skin layers together. This study provides new data for the epidermis and dermis measured in vitro from 0.5 GHz to 110 GHz. The results agreed with Gabriel's data for the dermis up to 20 GHz. For 20 to 100 GHz, experimental results showed larger values than extrapolated Gabriel data. For frequencies over 20 GHz, the parametric model tends toward the experimental results for the epidermis.
Nordin S, Neely G, Olsson D, Sandström M · 2014
This study assessed differences in odor and noise intolerance between persons with EHS and healthy controls using the Chemical Sensitivity Scale and Noise Sensitivity Scale. The EHS group scored significantly higher than controls on all CSS and NSS scales. Correlation coefficients between CSS and NSS scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.65 across measures. The findings suggest an association between EHS and odor and noise intolerance.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2014
Researchers previously found that radiofrequency radiation exposure can induce a survival adaptive response in laboratory animals. They also reported that pre-exposing mice to GSM mobile phone radiation increased resistance to subsequent Escherichia coli infection. In this study, animals receiving both radiofrequency pre-exposure and bacterial challenge had a 56% survival rate versus 20% for those receiving only the bacterial challenge.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA · 2014
Exposure raised triglycerides and testosterone significantly in all groups, with oil groups showing dose-dependent increases. Exposed rats had significantly lower SOD and CAT activities than controls, while sesame oil groups showed dose-dependent increases in these enzymes. Total cholesterol decreased significantly only in the 3 ml sesame oil group, which also showed significantly elevated GSH-Rx. HDL-c and LDL-c changed in opposite directions between exposed and sesame oil groups.
Koca O, Gokce AM, Akyuz M, Ercan F, Yurdakul N, Karaman MI. · 2014
Twenty-one adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was exposed to electromagnetic waves for 8 hours per day for 20 days, Group 2 received the same exposure followed by 20 days without exposure, and Group 3 was not exposed. Microscopic examination showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria and muscle layer of the first group, mild infiltration in the second group, and mean inflammation scores of 5.5 ± 2.5, 0.8 ± 1.3, and 1.2 ± 1.5 for the three groups respectively, with group 1 significantly higher (p = 0.001).
Kim K, Kim HJ, Song DJ, Cho YM, Choi JW. · 2014
Researchers analyzed the difference between risk perception of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones and other factors such as environment and food, and also examined psychological and social factors affecting the high risk perception group. A questionnaire survey on risk perception of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones was carried out on 1001 subjects over the age of 20. In the high risk perception group, women had higher risk perception than men. High risk perception was associated with higher personal knowledge (OR: 1.416, 95% CI: 1.216-1.648), higher perceived seriousness of risk to future generations (OR: 1.410, 95% CI: 1.234-1.611), and higher outrage about accidents related to electromagnetic waves (OR: 1.460, 95% CI: 1.264-1.686).
Karaman MI et al. · 2014
Jovanovic D, Bragard G, Picard D, Chauvin S. · 2014
Researchers used three 3G HSPA smartphones from different manufacturers to make 220 two-minute calls on a national mobile network in Paris between 28 July and 04 August 2011. The SYRPOM measuring equipment recorded radiation power levels and frequency bands at a sampling rate of 20,000 per second. The mean normalized power was 0.75% of maximum for 3G VoIP calls and 0.22% for 3G VoCS calls. The very low average power levels indicate that RF exposure from 3G devices with VoIP or VoCS is far from exceeding the basic restrictions of current SAR exposure limits.
Hashemipour MS, Yarbakht M, Gholamhosseinian A, Famori H. · 2014
Researchers collected stimulated salivary samples from both parotid glands of 86 healthy volunteers. They measured salivary flow rate and concentrations of protein, amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin A. In participants who predominantly held phones on the right side, flow rate and protein concentration were significantly higher on the right side, while amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and peroxidase concentrations decreased. The authors noted that although mobile phone use influenced salivary composition, the relationship was not significant.
