Unknown authors · 2009
The review states that electromagnetic fields in both extremely low frequency and radio frequency ranges activate the cellular stress response, inducing stress response genes such as HSP70 and increasing stress proteins like hsp70. The 20 stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as chaperones that help repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves DNA activation, and the same cellular pathways respond to both frequency ranges despite their large energy difference. Specific DNA sequences on the HSP70 promoter are responsive to EMF, and model systems suggest EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. Increasing EMF energy in the radio frequency range can lead to breaks in DNA strands.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper reviews literature on electromagnetic field effects on reproductive organs and prenatal and postnatal development in vertebrate animals. Review articles published until 2001 covering the entire frequency range were surveyed, and experimental studies from 2001 onward were summarized. The review placed special focus on radiofrequencies related to mobile communication. The majority of investigations found no strong effects of mobile telephony EMF on animal reproduction and development.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review examined 101 publications that studied genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in vivo and in vitro. Of these studies, 49 reported a genotoxic effect and 42 did not. Eight studies found that RF-EMF enhanced the genotoxic action of other chemical or physical agents without directly affecting genetic material. The author concluded there is ample evidence that RF-EMF can alter the genetic material of exposed cells in vivo and in vitro in more than one way.
Unknown authors · 2009
The study examined the effects of pulsed EMF at 2.45 GHz and 2.8 mW/cm(2) on postnatal neurogenesis in newborn (P7) and senescent (24-month-old) rats. Two exposure patterns were compared: short-term exposure of 2 days at 4 hours per day and long-term exposure of 3 days at 8 hours per day, each followed by acute (24 hours) and chronic (1-4 weeks) post-irradiation survival periods. The EMF exposure induced significant age- and dose-dependent changes in proliferating cell numbers within the rostral migratory stream. The authors concluded that concerns about EMF risk from electrical equipment and communication sets are justified regarding early postnatal neurogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2009
This report is the third update to the Royal Society of Canada review covering 2004 to 2007. It examined new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Investigators found no clear evidence of adverse health effects from RF fields but recommended continued research, especially on children's exposure.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper reviews early cellphone studies with short exposure duration and two sets of recent studies with longer exposure: the Interphone studies and the Swedish studies led by Dr. Lennart Hardell. With four exceptions the industry-funded Interphone studies found no increased risk of brain tumors, while the independent Swedish studies reported numerous findings of significant increased risk from cellphone and cordless phone use. An analysis of the Interphone data suggests either cellphone use protects against brain tumors or the studies had serious design flaws. The Interphone studies have all 11 identified flaws while the Swedish studies have 3 flaws.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a confirmation study to test whether 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation alters the blood-brain barrier in rats. Unanesthetized rats were exposed for 30 minutes to continuous-wave or modulated 915 MHz energy at whole-body SARs of 0.0018 to 20 W/kg. Albumin immunohistochemistry on perfused brain sections showed no significant increase in albumin extravasation in exposed rats compared to sham-exposed or home cage controls.
Unknown authors · 2009
Recent reviews report that firefighters have an increased risk of several cancers including leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, male breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and cancers of the brain, stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, urinary bladder, testes, and thyroid. Respiratory system cancers are usually not increased in firefighters, unlike in workers exposed to known inhaled carcinogens. The pattern of cancers in firefighters strongly overlaps the pattern seen in workers exposed to electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers examined the feasibility of a cohort study on health risks from occupational radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in Germany. They developed criteria covering exposure level and duration, cohort assembly, and disease endpoint ascertainment. Twenty occupational settings and amateur radio operators were reviewed, identifying broadcasting technicians, amateur radio operators, and dielectric heat sealer workers as promising. Further analysis found dielectric heat sealer workers infeasible due to small numbers and complex exposure assessment, while amateur radio operators had limited exposure assessment and broadcasting technicians were too few.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed sixty-four male F344 rats to a 915 MHz electromagnetic field at whole-body average specific absorption rates of 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 W/kg for 2 hours. The brains were examined 14 and 50 days after exposure using histological and immunohistochemical methods. No albumin immunoreactivity was observed in any exposed group. Dark neurons were rare and did not differ significantly between exposed and sham-exposed animals. The authors concluded that the study did not confirm the earlier findings of Salford et al.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 18 male and 18 female rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1000 microT, 100 microT, and 0 microT, and another 18 male and 18 female rats to 1.8 GHz fields at 50 V/m, 25 V/m, and 0 V/m. They measured glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Different effects on circadian rhythms were observed, with changes in those haematochemical parameters (P < 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile telephones on the human nervous system have been the subject of a large number of experimental studies in recent years. Some evidence indicates that GSM-type signals affect spontaneous EEG, but this is not corroborated by evoked potentials studies. No consistent significant effects on cognitive performance in adults were observed, and any effect appears small with exposure possibly improving performance. Short-term exposure to mobile phone signals does not influence hearing or balance, and provocation studies have not demonstrated a causal link between EMF exposure and subjective symptoms.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review discusses hazardous health effects reported from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones. It examines effects of RF-EMW on plasma membrane structures including NADH oxidase, phosphatidylserine, ornithine decarboxylase, and voltage-gated calcium channels. The review addresses controversial effects of RF-EMW on mammalian cells and sperm DNA, apoptosis, and epidemiological, in vivo animal, and in vitro studies on the male reproductive system. It also covers exposure assessment and dosimetry by computational biomodeling.
Unknown authors · 2009
They analyzed 53BP1 foci marking DNA repair sites using laser confocal microscopy. Microwaves inhibited 53BP1 focus formation in both human primary fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, with the same GSM (915 MHz) and UMTS (1947.4 MHz) frequencies effective across all cell types. Exposure at 905 MHz did not inhibit foci in differentiated cells but showed some effects in stem cells, and stem cells did not adapt to chronic exposure over 2 weeks unlike fibroblasts.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 180 adult leukemia cases and 756 age- and sex-matched hospital controls in Bangkok, Thailand. Data were collected by interview and analyzed using unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios. Myeloid leukemia was associated with benzene exposure, other solvents, occupational pesticides, and working with or near powerlines. No associations were found for diagnostic X-rays, cigarette smoking, or other occupational exposures.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers monitored 455 calls in 30 adolescents using hardware-modified phones for one week to log laterality, number, and duration of calls. Agreement between measured and self-reported laterality was modest (κ=0.3), concordance for call number was fair (ICC=0.38), and for call duration was poor (ICC=0.01). The authors concluded that adolescent self-reported laterality has limited validity and that self-reported phone use by number and duration is generally inaccurate but comparable to adult studies.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers analyzed glioma and meningioma incidence trends from 1974 to 2003 using national cancer registry data from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The study included 59,984 men and women aged 20-79 years diagnosed with brain tumors in a population of 16 million adults. From 1974 to 2003, glioma incidence increased by 0.5% per year among men and 0.2% per year among women. Meningioma incidence increased by 0.8% per year among men and by 3.8% per year among women after the early 1990s. No change in incidence trends was observed from 1998 to 2003 when mobile phone associations would be informative.
Ziemann C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male and female B6C3F1 mice to GSM 902 MHz and DCS 1747 MHz signals for two years. The exposure regimen was 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body averaged SARs of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 W/kg. Micronuclei were counted in peripheral blood erythrocytes stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa or acridine orange. No significant differences in micronuclei frequency were observed between RF-exposed, sham-exposed, and cage control mice. Positive control mice injected with mitomycin C had significantly increased micronuclei, and the authors concluded that the data did not indicate RF-induced genotoxicity after two years.
Tamer A, Gündüz H, Ozyildirim S · 2009
Researchers evaluated the effect of a mobile phone on cardiac electrical activity by measuring heart rate variability, QT and P dispersions, and blood pressure while the phone was placed on the precordium. In the first step, no statistically significant differences were found in blood pressure, heart rate, P-wave dispersion, QT dispersion, or QT corrected dispersion. In the second step, no significant differences were observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or heart rate variability parameters during 30-minute Holter recordings with the phone on versus off.
Stang A et al. · 2009
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 459 uveal melanoma case patients matched with population, ophthalmologist, and sibling control subjects. Regular mobile phone use showed no association with uveal melanoma risk across all control groups. No trend was observed for cumulative exposure measures. The study did not confirm earlier findings of increased risk.
Sommer et al. · 2009
Male and female C57BL mice were exposed lifelong to UMTS fields at 1966 MHz with SARs of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 1.3 W/kg. Development and fertility were tracked over four generations using histological, physiological, reproductive, and behavioral measures. No harmful effects on fertility or development were observed. Pup numbers and development were unaffected by exposure. Some data suggested effects on food consumption without a clear dose-response relationship.
Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ · 2009
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Southeast England from 2001 to 2005 with 291 cases and 630 controls. Detailed information on cellular phone use was collected by personal interview. Tumor risk was not associated with cellular phone use overall, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.3). Risk was not appreciably increased after 10 or more years since first use (OR 1.0, 0.5-1.9) or after 10 or more years of cumulative use (OR 1.1, 0.5-2.4). Odds ratios were 1.2 (0.7-1.9) for the highest quartile of cumulative calls and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for the highest quartile of hours of use, and separate analyses of analog and digital phone use showed no associations.
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO, Kagawa S · 2009
Researchers used 30 adult male rabbits and exposed the phone group to 900 MHz radio frequency in standby mode for 8 hours daily over 12 weeks. At week 10 the phone group showed a significant drop in fructose levels and motile sperm percentage compared with baseline. Citrate levels and other measured parameters did not change significantly in any group throughout the study.
Peyman A, Gabriel C, Grant EH, Vermeeren G, Martens L · 2009
