Unknown authors · 2009
The study reviewed recent trends in public health in Sweden using data from official Swedish registries. Population health generally improved during the early 1990s but suddenly started to deteriorate from 1997 onwards. The authors state that this dramatic change is not likely explained only by improved diagnostics and that a connection with increasing GHz radiation exposure cannot be ruled out.
Unknown authors · 2009
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human cardiovascular parameters remain undetermined. Epidemiological studies used dosimetry estimations of employee workplace exposure with altered heart rate variability as predictive of certain cardiovascular pathologies. Laboratory studies focused on macrocirculatory indicators including heart rate, HRV and blood pressure. Few studies have been conducted on the response of the microcirculatory system to EMF exposure. Attempts to replicate both epidemiological and laboratory studies have been mostly unsuccessful as study design, small sample populations and confounding variables have hampered progress to date.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers found that an ultralow-frequency, extremely weak alternating magnetic field component showed marked antitumor activity when combined with a static magnetic field. The alternating field parameters that produced this effect were frequencies of 1, 4.4, or 16.5 Hz at intensities of 300, 100, or 150–300 nT, combined with a collinear static field of 42 µT. In mice with tumors, tumor tissue was practically absent after exposure to the weak magnetic fields, while control animals showed tumor invasion into surrounding tissues. In animals without tumors, no pathological deviations were observed after exposure to the weak magnetic field, suggesting the field was not toxic to healthy organisms.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review found that long-term significant occupational exposure to ELF magnetic fields may certainly increase the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer. Two biological processes, increased production of amyloid beta and decreased production of melatonin, are influenced by high long-term ELF magnetic field exposure and may lead to Alzheimer's disease. Decreased melatonin production may also lead to breast cancer. Exposures to radio frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields have similar biological consequences.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed MCF-7 breast cancer cells from two sources to homogeneous 50-Hz electromagnetic fields at 1.2 microT. Gene expression was measured using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Exposure markedly increased urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 expression, marginally increased the urokinase receptor in one cell line, and slightly decreased tissue plasminogen activator expression. The authors suggest that EMFs may increase the metastatic potential of breast tumors.
Unknown authors · 2009
A morbidity study in a Rome district under a 60 kV line included 345 subjects resident between 1954 and 2003, excluding those deceased before 1998. Residential magnetic field levels were estimated from current load, line characteristics, and distance from the power line, and the area was divided into sub-areas with differing levels. Standardized morbidity ratios were computed from hospital discharge records for 1998 to 2003. Non statistically significant increases were observed for all and primary cancers, while primary cancers were significantly increased among subjects with more than 30 years' residence and latency, and no increase was seen in neoplastic haematological diseases.
Unknown authors · 2009
Resting and grazing cattle and deer tend to align their body axes with the geomagnetic North-South direction. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines disrupt this alignment, making body orientation random near power lines. The disturbing effect diminishes with distance from the conductors.
Unknown authors · 2009
Data were obtained from 317 individuals, including 192 UK Adult Brain Tumour Study subjects, 101 occupational proxies, and 24 interest readings. Average exposure was significantly higher at work than at home, and elevated occupational exposure was found for welding trades, printers, telephonists, and filing and other records assistants.
Unknown authors · 2009
The purpose of the work was to review and compare recent findings on the induction of DNA strand breaks by magnetic field exposure. The review found 29 studies, with 50% showing an effect of magnetic fields and 50% showing no DNA strand breaks. When considering only genotoxic studies, 37.5% found induction of DNA strand breaks, while 69.2% of epigenetic studies found induction. The authors suggest magnetic fields could act as a co-inductor of DNA damage.
Unknown authors · 2009
A research team from ISS searched for a suitable location to implement an epidemiological study aimed at a wide range of outcomes for which a priori hypotheses could be formulated. The project's recently published findings showed an increase in primary and secondary malignant neoplasms, ischaemic disease, and haematological diseases. The authors recommended that future studies address the most exposed sectors of the population, consider different outcomes, and follow protocols that enable pooled analyses.
Unknown authors · 2009
The study aimed to determine the effects of an extremely low-frequency 50 Hz magnetic field on oviposition and development in Drosophila melanogaster. Exposure of parental females and all F1 developmental stages to the field weakened oviposition in subsequent generations.
Unknown authors · 2009
The comment was published in Bioelectromagnetics, volume 31, issue 2, pages 102-3, in February 2010. It comments on the article "Extremely low frequency electric fields and cancer: assessing the evidence" by Kheifets et al., which appeared in the same journal, volume 31, issue 2, pages 89-101. The comment's author affiliation is Microwave News in New York.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers recruited 548 childhood brain tumor cases and 760 controls from Québec and Ontario between 1980 and 2002, interviewed their mothers, and estimated occupational ELF-MF exposure in microTesla using individual estimates or a job-exposure matrix with cumulative, average, and maximum metrics. Using the average exposure metric before conception, an increased risk for astroglial tumors was observed (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.4), and during pregnancy significantly increased risks were found for astroglial tumors (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.5) and all childhood brain tumors (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2). Based on job titles, sewing machine operators showed a twofold risk increase for astroglial tumors (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8-6.3) and all childhood brain tumors (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-5.4).
Unknown authors · 2009
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from DC to 300 Hz have been shown to affect pain sensitivity in snails, rodents, and humans. In this fMRI study, researchers exposed normal volunteers to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and measured brain activation during acute thermal pain. Significant interactions between pre- and post-exposure activation were found between sham and exposed groups in the ipsilateral right insula, anterior cingulate, and bilateral hippocampus/caudate areas.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed Caco 2 cells to 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic fields for 24–72 hours to study protein oxidation and 20S proteasome functionality. The exposure caused a time-dependent increase in cell growth and protein oxidation, more pronounced with TPA, but did not affect cell viability. The fields also globally activated the 20S proteasome catalytic components, especially at 72 hours and with TPA, and the antioxidant EGCG reversed these pro-oxidant effects, indicating the activation was due to increased free radicals.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 volunteers to extremely low frequency (ELF) and Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields (TAMMEFs) in vitro. ELF fields were 100 Hz, while TAMMEFs had variable frequencies, intensities, and wave shapes. Adenylate kinase activity increased after ELF exposure and decreased slightly after TAMMEF exposure, but ecto-5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine kinase activities were unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2009
In 121 workers, individual ELF-MF exposure was monitored for two work shifts and exposure levels were calculated as time-weighted averages. Subjects were grouped into low (≤0.2 μT), medium (0.21–0.99 μT), and higher (≥1 μT) exposure categories. NK activity was significantly reduced in the higher exposure group compared with the low exposure group (p<0.01), while the medium group showed a non-significant reduction.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a cytogenetic monitoring study on 55 workers at transformer and distribution line stations and 17 controls to assess genotoxic risk from ELF-EMF exposure. Chromosomal aberration and micronucleus frequencies were significantly higher in exposed workers than in controls. Chromosomal aberration frequency increased with years of exposure, while smoking did not significantly affect either marker.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers built a movable reflecting wall to test human sensitivity to radio-frequency standing waves from a radio-TV tower. When the reflector moved, the standing-wave pattern shifted and changed the electromagnetic intensity in the test subject's body. A computer recorded hand-movement transducer signals and RF-meter readings from 100 MHz dipole antennas. Nine of the 29 adults showed hand-movement patterns that matched the RF-meter. Six participants showed responses that did not correlate with the RF-meter, and 14 participants showed no reaction.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper comprehensively surveys recent research on wearable Internet of Things and classifies wearables into health, sports and daily activity, tracking and localization, and safety clusters. It groups and analyzes the fundamental algorithmic differences within each cluster and discusses research challenges and open issues. The survey reveals that Cellular IoT has many advantages for wearables but has been rarely studied by researchers. The article also addresses opportunities and challenges for implementing Cellular IoT-enabled wearables.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper reviews the impact of radiofrequency radiation from wireless telecommunications on wildlife. Electromagnetic radiation is described as a form of environmental pollution that may hurt wildlife. Phone masts continuously irradiate species that could suffer long-term effects including reduced natural defenses, health deterioration, reproduction problems, and habitat loss. Electromagnetic radiation can cause aversive behavioral responses in rats, bats, and birds such as sparrows. The review suggests microwave and radiofrequency pollution is a potential cause for animal population declines and plant health deterioration near phone masts.
Unknown authors · 2009
A meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a quantitative estimate of the extent of genetic damage in mammalian somatic cells exposed to extremely low frequency electro-magnetic fields and to compare with that in unexposed control cells. Three specific variables related to ELF-EMF exposure characteristics were examined: frequency (Hz), flux density (mT), and occupationally exposed individuals. The difference between ELF-EMF-exposed and control cells as well as the effect size due to ELF-EMF exposure were biologically small although statistically significant with very few exceptions. Considerable evidence for publication bias was found in the meta-analysis.
Unknown authors · 2009
The authors state that a major concern of EMF exposure is cancer induction because most cancers start with damage to a cell's genome. The review describes the comet assay, which detects single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, and crosslinks in DNA. It also reviews studies on chromosomal conformational changes and micronucleus formation after EMF exposure. The review discusses lessons learned from the authors' own work in this area.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
The meta-analysis of brain tumors gave an overall glioma odds ratio of 1.0 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.9 to 1.1. For acoustic neuroma the overall odds ratio was 1.0, increasing to 1.3 with a 10-year latency, and ipsilateral exposure gave an odds ratio of 1.6. No consistent pattern of increased risk was found for meningioma, and no consistent pattern of association was found for salivary gland tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or testicular cancer.
