Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Kuzay D, Ozer C, Seyhan N. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between micronuclei frequency and RF radiation in exfoliated bladder cells of diabetic and non-diabetic rats using three groups of six animals each. The RF exposure was 2100 MHz with a whole-body average SAR of 0.24 W/kg and an ERMS field of 17.5 V/m at non-thermal levels. No statistically significant differences in micronuclei frequency were found between any of the groups, including between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-exposed diabetic rats, and between RF-exposed diabetic rats and non-diabetic controls. The authors concluded that the study suggested no possible genotoxic effects of RF radiation in humans, especially those with chronic disorders such as diabetes.
Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
Percherancier Y et al. · 2015
Researchers used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching microscopy to measure dye diffusion between NIH3T3 fibroblasts through gap junctions. They exposed cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.4 or 1 mT for 24 hours and assessed direct effects on gap junctional intercellular communication. They also tested for synergism with the inhibitor phorbol ester by incubating cells with TPA for 1 hour after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure. Under these conditions, they observed neither direct inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication nor synergism with TPA-induced inhibition.
Silva V et al. · 2015
Researchers prepared primary human thyroid cell cultures from normal thyroid tissue of surgical patients and exposed them to simulated cell phone radiofrequency energy under different conditions. They assessed proliferation using Ki-67 and p53 expression, and measured DNA ploidy, HSP70, and ROS by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. No irradiation condition affected Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy, HSP70, or ROS, and the researchers concluded there was no potential carcinogenic effect.
Messiha HL, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P, Jones AR, Scrutton NS · 2015
Researchers investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of several flavoenzymes with important cellular roles. No magnetic field sensitivity was detected in reaction kinetics from stopped-flow measurements in any system studied.
Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL · 2015
Researchers investigated whether ELF-EMF exposure could induce oxidative stress in workers performing tour-inspection near transformers and distribution power lines. The study included 310 exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff as controls. No significant changes in enzyme activities or MDA concentration were found. Micronucleus lymphocyte frequency and micronuclei frequency also showed no statistically significant changes.
Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2015
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field for 24 hours with or without menadione co-exposure. Micronuclei, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were measured at 15, 30, and 45 days after exposure. Micronuclei levels were significantly elevated at 15 and 30 days but not at 45 days after exposure. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased at 30 and 45 days after exposure.
Jin H, Yoon HE, Lee JS, Kim JK, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether combined exposure to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT or 2 mT with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide causes genomic instability in non-tumorigenic human lung epithelial L132 cells. They examined the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells and aneuploid cells after exposures. Exposure to 0.5 Gy ionizing radiation or 0.05 mM hydrogen peroxide for 9 hours increased aneuploidy but did not cause apoptotic cell death. ELF-MF alone did not affect the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells, aneuploid cells, or subG1 phase populations. Combining ELF-MF with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide did not further increase G2/M arrest or aneuploidy.
Sieroń-Stołtny K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz mobile phone electromagnetic field for 28 days and measured bone size, mechanical properties, mineral content, and bone turnover markers. The authors concluded that the field does not directly affect bone size but alters bone mineralization and turnover processes, influencing mechanical strength.
Shokri S, Soltani A, Kazemi M, Sardari D, Mofrad FB. · 2015
Three-month-old male Wistar rats (n=27) were exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation in a chamber with two Wi-Fi antennas and divided into a control group and groups exposed for 1 hour or 7 hours per day for two months. Sperm parameters, caspase-3 concentrations, histomorphometric changes of testis, and apoptotic indexes were evaluated. Both exposure groups showed a decrease in sperm parameters in a time-dependent pattern, increased apoptosis-positive cells and caspase-3 activity in seminiferous tubules, and significantly reduced seminal vesicle weight compared to controls.
Sehitoglu I et al. · 2015
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz cell-phone radiation 24 hours a day for 20 days throughout pregnancy. Seven male offspring from each group were evaluated at 60 days, with testicular size, weight, histology, and serum testosterone measured. Exposed males had lower serum testosterone (3.51±0.21 ng/ml vs 4.04±0.47 ng/ml, p=0.018), higher caspase-3 activity (2.00±0.88 vs 1.00±0.63, p=0.026), and lower Johnsen scores (8.4±0.5 vs 9.4±0.5, p=0.010) than controls.
Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Asatourian A, Mehriar P, Sheibani N · 2015
Fifty healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliances gave saliva samples after a week without using their mobile phones. They then recorded their mobile phone usage for a week and gave a second saliva sample. The study found a significant difference in nickel levels between the control and experimental periods. The amount of nickel released correlated with the duration of mobile phone use.
Nazıroğlu M, Özkan FF, Hapil SR, Ghazizadeh V, Çiğ B · 2015
Mugunthan N et al. · 2015
Mice were exposed to 2G and 3G radiation for 48 minutes per day over periods of 30 to 180 days. Exposed mice showed significant reductions in body weight at the first, second, and fourth months, and in testis weight and volume during the first three months. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in exposed mice at the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth months, with no significant difference between the 2G and 3G groups. Histological analysis revealed lower seminiferous tubule density and diameter, fewer Sertoli and Leydig cells, and microscopic changes such as wide interstitium, cell detachment, vacuolar degeneration, reduced epithelial thickness, maturation arrest, and Johnson scores of 7 to 9.
Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015
Fifty-six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly for 30 minutes to 2.45 GHz radiation at different non-thermal SARs calculated by finite difference time domain technique. The diathermy model applied maximum exposure to the left front leg to study radiation effects on nearby thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine HSP-90 expression and morphological changes in thyroid tissue. Ninety minutes after highest SAR exposure, central and peripheral follicles increased in size; twenty-four hours after 12 W exposure, peripheral follicles were smaller; and repeated 3 W exposure increased peripheral follicle size.
Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015
Gramowski-Voß A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed differentiating murine cortical networks on multiwell microelectrode arrays to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with alternating 10 and 16 Hz modulation on a 150 MHz carrier. The development of cortical activity was accelerated under these exposure conditions. The percentage of neurons in the co-culture increased without changing the total cell count, indicating enhanced neurogenesis. ELEMF exposure selectively promoted the proliferation of GABAergic neurons, increasing their proportion. The exposure also stimulated electrical network activity and intensified burst structure.
Çiğ B, Nazıroğlu M. · 2015
Researchers exposed MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation at distances from 0 to 25 cm for one hour. At distances of 0, 1, and 5 cm, exposed cells showed higher reactive oxygen species, calcium concentrations, apoptosis, and caspase activity compared to controls, while cell viability increased with distance. No statistically significant differences were observed between control cells and those exposed at 20 or 25 cm.
Bogomazova AN et al. · 2015
Researchers studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in human embryonic stem cells exposed to narrow-band terahertz radiation at 2.3 THz under strict temperature control. The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased after irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in the cells. No effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the cells was observed following exposure.
Bedir R et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field during the first 20 days of pregnancy. Kidney tissue from exposed fetuses showed mild congestion, tubular defects, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule. Apoptosis assessed by caspase-3 staining was stronger in exposed renal tubular cells, and serum potassium was significantly higher in the exposed group while urea, creatinine and other electrolytes did not differ.
Bakacak M et al. · 2015
The study used 16 rats, with eight rats exposed to an electromagnetic field in the abdominal region for 15 minutes per day for 15 days and eight rats serving as controls. After 15 days the ovaries were removed and examined histologically, revealing mean follicle counts of 34.00 ± 10.20 (right) and 36.00 ± 10.53 (left) in exposed rats versus 78.50 ± 25.98 (right) and 71.75 ± 29.66 (left) in controls. The exposed group had significantly fewer follicles overall (p < 0.001 for the right ovary, p = 0.011 for the left ovary, and p = 0.002 for the total).
Aydoğan F et al. · 2015
Mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy and nasal tissue was examined with a transmission electron microscope. The researchers concluded that the radiation damaged the nasal septal mucosa and disturbed mucociliary clearance, with ciliary disorganization and loss causing the deterioration.
Gulati S et al. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate genetic damage from mobile tower radiation and to test for associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in 116 exposed and 106 control subjects. DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay for tail moment in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Exposed subjects showed significantly higher BMN frequency and TM values than controls, while GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were not associated with DNA damage levels in either group.
Gandhi G, Kaur G, Nisar U. · 2015
The study was a cross-sectional case-control study that assessed genetic damage with the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 residents near a mobile phone tower and 28 matched healthy controls. The power density within 300 meters of the base station exceeded permissive limits and was significantly higher than in the control area. DNA migration length, damage frequency, and damage index were all significantly elevated in the exposed group compared to controls. Female residents had significantly higher damage frequency than male residents. Linear regression identified daily mobile phone usage, location of residence, and power density as significant predictors of genetic damage.
