Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL. · 2009
The study found a synergism between aluminum and radiofrequency that increased early mortality in lymphoma-bearing mice. This synergism was stronger with aluminum lactate than with aluminum citrate due to higher ionization at physiological pH. The dissociation of aluminum complexes appears to induce a remarkable acceleration of mortality and lymphoid-related hypertrophy of the spleen and liver at an early age. Calcium chloride overload had no effect when cellular calcium homeostasis was functional. The researchers measured organ hypertrophy using the organ-to-body-weight ratio and histopathological examination.
Hässig M, Jud F, Naegeli H, Kupper J, Spiess BM. · 2009
Researchers conducted a cohort study tracking the geographical location of each dam and calf from conception through the fetal period to slaughter, with particular emphasis on the first trimester of gestation (organogenesis). Antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured in aqueous humor to evaluate redox status. Among 253 calves, 79 (32%) had nuclear cataract and 9 (3.6%) had severe nuclear cataract. Oxidative stress was increased in eyes with cataract, with an odds ratio of 0.80 per kilometer distance from the nearest base station and a 95% confidence interval of 0.62,0.93, and the authors state that it has not been shown that antennas actually affected stress.
Balci M, Namuslu M, Devrim E, Durak I · 2009
Four groups of ten Wistar rats each were studied for three weeks. Rats in the computer and computer plus vitamin C groups were exposed to computer monitors, and vitamin C was given orally at 250 mg/kg/day. In corneal tissue, monitor exposure increased malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity, while vitamin C further raised malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and lowered catalase activity. In lens tissue, monitor exposure raised malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase activities and increased superoxide dismutase, while vitamin C increased superoxide dismutase and decreased catalase activity.
Capone F et al. · 2009
Researchers used transcranial brain stimulation to study the effect of PEMFs on cortical excitability in 22 healthy volunteers. After 45 minutes of PEMF exposure, intracortical facilitation increased by about 20% while other cortical excitability parameters remained unchanged. Sham field exposure produced no effects. The increase in paired-pulse facilitation suggests PEMFs may enhance cortical excitatory neurotransmission.
Zareen N, Khan MY, Ali Minhas L · 2009
Embryos exposed for 10 post-incubation days showed decreased retinal growth and mild epithelial pigmentation. Extending exposure to 15 post-incubation days reversed growth retardation to enhancement and shifted pigmentation from mild to intense. The authors concluded that mobile phone EMF causes derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. Retinal thickness and epithelial pigmentation grades were statistically compared between control and experimental groups.
Vácha M, Puzová T, Kvícalová M · 2009
Researchers tested how weak radio frequency magnetic fields affect the American cockroach's ability to sense the geomagnetic field. A 1.2 MHz field disrupted this sense at intensities between 12 nT and 18 nT, while a 2.4 MHz field required between 18 nT and 44 nT. A 7 MHz field had no effect even at the highest tested intensity of 44 nT. The disruptive effect was strongest at the Larmor frequency of 1.2 MHz. The researchers measured the rise in locomotor activity induced by periodic changes in the geomagnetic North position by 60 degrees.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 1000 adults aged 18–65 to test whether wireless telephone use was associated with changes in serum transthyretin. Logistic regression found increased but non-significant odds ratios for dichotomized transthyretin levels. Linear regression showed that in men, longer use of analogue or combined mobile and cordless desktop phones was associated with higher transthyretin, while longer UMTS use was associated with lower levels. In women, shorter time since the most recent call was associated with higher transthyretin concentrations. Time since first use of mobile phones and DECT combined was associated with higher transthyretin regardless of usage fractions.
Zhijian C et al. · 2009
Researchers used the in vitro comet assay to determine whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation can influence DNA repair in human leukocytes exposed to X-rays. Leukocytes from four young healthy donors were intermittently exposed to RFR at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 24 hours with fields on for 5 minutes and off for 10 minutes, then irradiated with X-rays at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. DNA damage was measured at 0, 15, 45, 90, 150 and 240 minutes after X-rays using percent tail DNA, and repair speed was assessed via DNA repair percentage. The results showed individual differences in DNA repair speeds among the four donors. Intermittent RFR exposure did not directly induce DNA damage or show synergistic effects with X-rays.
Xu Q, Tong J, Jin ZD, Lu MX, DU HB, Cao Y. · 2009
Researchers randomly assigned 96 healthy Kunming mice to four groups: normal control, microwave (120 microW/cm(2), 900 MHz), gamma-ray irradiation (5 Gy), and combined microwave plus gamma-ray (120 microW/cm(2) + 5 Gy). The microwave and combined groups were exposed to 120 microW/cm(2) microwave for 1 h/d for 14 days before the gamma-ray and combined groups received 5 Gy (60)Co gamma-ray irradiation on the 15th day. Bone marrow pathology in the combined exposure group was milder and recovered faster than in the gamma-ray only group. Splenic cell apoptosis was significantly lower in the combined group on days 6 and 9 after irradiation (23.02% +/- 15.18% and 25.37% +/- 11.62%). Serum superoxide dismutase increased and lipid peroxide decreased significantly in the combined group (P < 0.05).
Trosić I, Pavicić I. · 2009
The study aimed to determine the influence of mobile phone frequency radiation on proliferation, cytoskeleton structure, and mitotic index of V79 cells after 1, 2, and 3 hours of exposure. V79 cells were exposed to continuous-wave 935 MHz radiation at an electric field strength of (8.2+/-0.3) V m(-1) and a specific absorption rate of 0.12 W kg(-1). Cell proliferation declined in cells exposed for three hours when measured 72 hours after irradiation. Microtubule structure was clearly altered immediately after three hours of irradiation. The mitotic index in exposed cells did not differ from negative controls.
Tkalec M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed Allium cepa seeds for two hours to 400 and 900MHz fields at strengths of 10, 23, 41 and 120Vm(-1), and also tested a four-hour exposure and modulation at 23Vm(-1). Germination rate and root length did not change significantly under any exposure condition. At 900MHz, higher field strengths (41 and 120Vm(-1)) and modulated fields significantly increased the mitotic index, while all 900MHz exposures increased the percentage of mitotic abnormalities. At 400MHz, the mitotic index increased only after modulated exposure, and higher numbers of mitotic abnormalities were found after modulated exposure and after higher field strengths (41 and 120Vm(-1)). The chromosomal aberrations were mainly lagging chromosomes, vagrants, disturbed anaphases and chromosome stickiness.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Lymphocytes were collected at 72 hours to measure micronuclei frequency in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Four donors exhibited a significant reduction in micronuclei after RF pre-exposure, indicating an adaptive response. One donor showed no significant difference in micronuclei between pre-exposed and unexposed cells, indicating a non-responder. The data indicated heterogeneity in the induction of an adaptive response between individuals exposed to RF radiation.
Pérez-Castejón C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human astrocytoma cells (Clonetics line 1321N1) to a 9.6 GHz carrier wave amplitude-modulated by extremely low frequency pulses in a GTEM cell. The exposure parameters included pulse widths of 100-120 ns, pulse repetition frequencies of 100-800 Hz, power of 0.34-0.60 mW, electric field strength of 1.25-1.64 V/m, and a SAR of 4.0 x 10-4 W/Kg. Cells were exposed for 15, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours using a double-blind method with sham controls. Cytoskeleton proteins, cell morphology, and viability were unchanged, but cell proliferation rate increased significantly after 24 hours of exposure. Hsp-70 and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins were present in both control and exposed samples, while connexin 43 protein expression increased in exposed samples.
Moisescu MG, Leveque P, Verjus MA, Kovacs E, Mir LM. · 2009
The exposure increased Lucifer Yellow uptake, and this increase was not due to heating. Chlorpromazine and ethanol blocked the increase while Filipin did not, indicating involvement of clathrin-coated vesicles.
Li X et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 70 male rats to microwave radiation at average power densities of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mW/cm(2). Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after exposure. Protein levels of AQP4 increased initially and then recovered at 10 and 30 mW/cm(2), but increased progressively at 100 mW/cm(2) within 14 days. Gene expression of AQP4 increased at 6 hours after 10 mW/cm(2) exposure and returned to baseline, while at 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) it peaked at 7 days and did not return.
Gao XF et al. · 2009
Researchers established a model of primary cultured Sertoli cells in vitro and exposed them to microwave radiation at average power densities of 0, 30, and 100 mW/cm(2) for five minutes. Cell cycle distribution shifted at exposure to 30 mW/cm(2) compared with the control groups, but the changes of rate of apoptosis and death and intracellular Ca2+ concentration showed no difference at 6 h after exposure. At 6 h after exposure to 100 mW/cm(2) microwave, there was a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and rate of apoptosis and death, and the researchers identified the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration as one of the injury mechanisms.
Gao XF,Pei LP, Chen CH, Yang XS, Zhang GB, Deng ZH, Yu ZP. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to whole-body microwave irradiation at 90 and 5 W/cm² for 20 minutes and measured changes in HSP70 in the hippocampus. Both mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in the rat hippocampus increased after the exposures. Anal temperature and SAR values also increased significantly, and these changes were positively correlated with power and irradiation time.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Lu MX, Jin ZD, DU HB, Li JX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
Researchers treated male Kunning mice with low-dose microwave radiation before exposing them to gamma-ray irradiation, then measured survival, blood parameters, and markers of bone marrow activity. Mice pre-exposed to 120 microW/cm² 900 MHz microwave had a higher 30-day survival rate and more white blood cells compared with gamma-ray-treated mice that did not receive microwave pre-exposure. The microwave pre-exposure group also showed increases in thymus and spleen organ indexes, bone marrow cell proliferation activity, CFU-GM hematopoietic foci numbers, and serum concentrations of GM-CSF and IL-3. The researchers suggested that low-dose microwave radiation may exert potential antagonistic effects on hematopoietic injuries induced by ionizing radiation.
Brescia F et al. · 2009
Researchers measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to a 1950 MHz UMTS signal at Specific Absorption Rates of 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg. Exposures ranged from short durations of 5 to 60 minutes up to 24 hours, and the study also tested RF radiation given before or at the same time as ferrous ions. RF exposure did not increase ROS formation or affect cell viability, and combining RF with ferrous ions did not produce more ROS than ferrous ions alone.
Reba Goodman et al. · 2009
Researchers used regenerating planaria Dugesia dorotocethala as a model to determine whether an intermittent modulated extremely low frequency electromagnetic field produces elevated levels of hsp70 and stimulates intracellular pathways known to be involved in injury and repair. Individual head and tail portions from the same worm were exposed to a 60 Hertz 80 milliGauss ELF-EMF for 1 h twice daily for 15 days post-transection. ELF-EMF exposure caused a significant increase in regeneration for both heads and tails, and exposed tails developed eyes at day seven post-transection, while sham control tails showed the first appearance of eyes 48 h later. Exposed animals also showed an elevation in hsp70 protein, an activation of an ERK cascade, and an increase in SRF-SRE binding.
Amara S et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male rats to a static magnetic field at 128 mT for one hour per day over 30 consecutive days and then measured antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and DNA oxidation in the brain. In the frontal cortex, exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase activity by 39%, CuZn superoxide dismutase activity by 35%, and catalase activity by 59%. In the hippocampus, exposure decreased CuZn-SOD activity by 51% and Mn-SOD activity by 13%, and increased malondialdehyde concentration by 32%. DNA oxidation was not detected, and the researchers suggested that an increase in metallothioneins in the frontal cortex may have protected DNA from oxidative damage.
Sharma VP, Singh HP, Kohli RK, Batish DR. · 2009
Researchers exposed mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds to cell phone EMF radiation at a power density of 8.55 microW cm(-2) in the 900 MHz band for durations of 1/2, 1, 2, and 4 hours. Cell phone EMF radiation significantly inhibited germination at exposures of 2 hours or more, and inhibited radicle and plumule growth at 1 hour or more, in a time-dependent manner. The radiation enhanced MDA content, increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and raised root oxidizability, indicating oxidative stress and cellular damage. The study concluded that cell phone EMF radiation inhibits root growth by inducing oxidative stress despite increased activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Sharifian A, Gharavi M, Pasalar P, Aminian O · 2009
Researchers measured antioxidant markers in 46 spot welders occupationally exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and compared results with a non-exposed control group. In the red blood cells of exposed workers, SOD activity decreased by 22% and GPX activity decreased by 12.3%, both statistically significant. Total serum antioxidant status showed no significant difference between the two groups. The researchers concluded that ELF-MF could influence red blood cell antioxidant activity and might act as an oxidative stressor.
Henrykowska G et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human blood platelet suspensions for 15 minutes to a 50 Hz magnetic field of different shapes at a flux density of 10 mT. The study measured catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and free radical generation in human blood platelets. Free radicals, malondialdehyde, and catalase all showed increased values compared with the initial level regardless of field shape, while superoxide dismutase activity was lower than at the onset of the experiment.
Varró P, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G, Világi I. · 2009
Researchers exposed whole rats or excised rat brain slices to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 250–500 µT to examine effects on synaptic efficacy in the central nervous system. Slices treated directly ex vivo showed a decrease in basic synaptic activity, observed as a diminution in amplitude of evoked potentials. Following whole-body exposure, enhanced short- and long-term synaptic facilitation in hippocampal slices and increased seizure susceptibility in neocortical slices were observed. The researchers noted that the overall changes may strongly depend on the synaptic structure and neuronal network of the affected region, together with the specific spatial parameters and constancy of the EMF.
