DNA & Genetic Damage

Anti-apoptotic effect of a static magnetic field in human cells that had been treated with sodium fluoride

Unknown authors · 2020

Chromosome aberration in typical biological systems under exposure to low- and high-intensity magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers investigated chromosome response in human neuronal-like cells and plant roots (Allium sativum and Vicia faba) exposed to static and 50 Hz magnetic fields at intensities from 1 mT to 0.8 T. FTIR spectroscopy showed a significant decrease in phosphate band intensity in DNA after exposure of neuronal-like cells to 1 mT static and 50 Hz fields, suggesting chromatin uncoiling and unpackaging. Microscopy directly observed this effect in Allium sativum and Vicia faba roots exposed to a 0.8 T static magnetic field.

Effect of low frequency magnetic field on efficiency of chromosome break repair

Burgos-Molina AM et al. · 2020

Researchers studied the repair of DNA double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under magnetic field exposure. They induced pairs of DSB using HO endonuclease by plating cells on galactose-containing media. The repair processes occurred during 21 days of exposure to a 50Hz, 2.45mT sinusoidal magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils. Magnetic field exposure increased colony formation 1.29-fold for Pho91 and 1.5-fold for Rmd5 at day 21 compared to untreated controls. DNA repair kinetics showed a 55.56-fold increase at day 15 for Rmd5 versus a 1.18-fold increase for Pho91.

Double- strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA of humans exposed to [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose and the static magnetic field in PET/MRI

Unknown authors · 2020

Thirty-two healthy young volunteers were allocated to three arms and exposed to [18F]FDG alone, a 3-T SMF alone, or both combined over 60 minutes at a PET/CT or PET/MRI system. Absorbed doses to lymphocytes exposed to [18F]FDG over 60 to 120 minutes varied between 1.5 and 3.3 mGy. The radiotracer caused a significant median relative increase of 28% in the rate of lymphocytes with at least one γH2AX focus relative to background, while the SMF alone did not. Simultaneous application of both agents did not result in a significant synergistic or antagonistic outcome.

The effect of vitamin E and C on comet assay indices and apoptosis in power plant workers: A double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Unknown authors · 2020

The trial enrolled 81 thermal power plant employees between July and November 2017 and randomly assigned them to four groups receiving vitamin E, vitamin C, both vitamins, or no intervention. Comet assay measurements showed that tail intensity and tail length decreased in the vitamin E group, and all comet assay indices except DNA damage index decreased in the combined and vitamin C groups, whereas the control group showed no significant change. Flow cytometry analysis found no change in early apoptosis, late apoptosis, or necrosis in any group after the intervention.

Morphological changes in the vertebrae and central canal of rat pups born after exposure to the electromagnetic field of pregnant rats

Unknown authors · 2020

The pups were euthanized on day 32 and histology showed that vertebral cartilage had been converted to bone in the exposed group. Central canal diameter and area were significantly larger in the exposed pups compared with controls.

Assessment of Genotoxicity in Human Cells Exposed to Modulated Electromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communication Devices

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers comprehensively assessed the impact of technologically relevant wEMF modulations on genome integrity in cultured human cells, examining cell type, time, and dose dependencies. Classical and advanced genetic toxicology and DNA repair methods were used, with key experiments replicated in two separate laboratories. No conclusive evidence of DNA damage induction or changes in DNA repair capacity was found after exposure to GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and RFID modulations.

Human fibroblasts in vitro exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous and pulsed wave signals: evaluation of biological effects with a multimethodological approach

Unknown authors · 2020

Comparing chromosome damage induced by mobile telephony radiation and a high caffeine dose: Effect of combination and exposure duration

Panagopoulos, D.J. · 2020

Researchers exposed lymphocytes from six healthy subjects to UMTS mobile phone radiation for 15 minutes during the G2/M phase at 1 cm distance during an active call. A high caffeine dose alone produced a similar but slightly smaller degree of chromatid-type aberrations. The combined exposure increased aberrations dramatically and the effect rose almost linearly with longer exposure durations.

Effects of radiofrequency radiation on gene expression: a study of gene expressions of human keratinocytes from different origins

Unknown authors · 2020

Lerchl A, Klose M, Drees K

Unknown authors · 2020

Evaluation of the Effect of Chronic 94 GHz Exposure on Gene Expression in the Skin of Hairless Rats In Vivo

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed young and adult rats to 94 GHz millimeter waves for 5 months, 3 hours per day, 3 days per week, at 10 mW/cm². Skin samples were analyzed with a gene expression microarray. The exposure did not significantly change gene expression in either age group.

Effects of different mobile phone UMTS signals on DNA, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes

Gulati et al. · 2020

Researchers compared genotoxic effects of three UMTS frequency channels used by 3G phones (1923, 1947.47, and 1977 MHz) in human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were exposed for 1 hour and 3 hours and tested for ROS, DNA damage, TP53 mutations, preleukemic fusion genes, and apoptosis. No effects were seen on ROS, apoptosis, preleukemic fusion genes, or TP53 mutations at any frequency, though bulk RNA expression was inhibited. A small but statistically significant increase in DNA damage occurred depending on the UMTS frequency channel, with the maximum effect at 1977.0 MHz.

Continuous Exposure to 1.7 GHz LTE Electromagnetic Fields Increases Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species to Decrease Human Cell Proliferation and Induce Senescence

Choi J, Min K, Jeon S, Kim N, Pack JK, Song K · 2020

Researchers exposed multiple human cell types, including adipose-derived stem cells, liver cancer stem cells, HeLa, SH-SY5Y, and IMR-90 fibroblasts, to 1.7 GHz LTE RF-EMF continuously for 72 hours at 1 and 2 SAR. Cell proliferation decreased in all cell types, with a stronger effect at 2 SAR than at 1 SAR and a milder effect in adipose-derived stem cells. Exposure did not cause DNA double-strand breaks or apoptosis but caused a slight G1-to-S cell-cycle delay, and senescence appeared in ASCs and Huh7 cells at 2 SAR, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS that mediated the anti-proliferative effect.

DNA effects of low level occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50/60 Hz)

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers measured occupational ELF-MF exposure in a power plant using the NIOSH manual. The median magnetic field at working sites was 0.85 µT. They assessed DNA single-strand breaks in 29 male utility workers and 28 male support personnel using the comet assay. Exposed workers showed significantly increased olive length, tail moment, and tail DNA percent. Induction of DNA damage was observed for the exposed workers compared with the controls.

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field on larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Baltic clam (Limecola balthica) and common ragworm (Hediste diversicolor)

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed rainbow trout for 40 days and ragworm and Baltic clam for 12 days to a 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field. They measured nuclear abnormalities in trout blood erythrocytes, ragworm coelomocytes, and clam gill cells. Exposure significantly increased micronuclei in trout and ragworm, nuclear buds on filament cells and blebbed nuclei only in clam, and nuclear buds in all species. The frequency of 8-shaped nuclei rose in trout and clam, apoptotic and binucleated cells rose only in clam, and ragworm showed no significant cytotoxic change.

Effect of sinusoidal and pulsed magnetic field exposure on the chronological aging and cellular stability of S

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sinusoidal magnetic field (2.45 mT, 50 Hz, continuous) and a pulsed magnetic field (1.5 mT, 25 Hz, 8 h/day). Chronological aging was evaluated during 40 days. Survival was assayed by clonogenic assay and drop test, and cellular stability was studied by spontaneous mutation count and the index of respiratory competence. Pulsed magnetic field exposure accelerated chronological aging and decreased the spontaneous frequency of mitochondrial mutation, but did not alter the index of respiratory competence for either field type.

DNA damage from long-term occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields among power plant workers

Unknown authors · 2019

Global gene expression analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 DH5α after exposure to 2.4 GHz wireless fidelity radiation

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in E. coli DH5α exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation and unexposed controls. The analysis identified 101 differentially expressed genes, with 52 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR of selected genes confirmed the sequencing results. Pathway analysis showed that flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, two-component systems, and metabolic pathways were affected.

Appraisal of immediate and late effects of mobile phone radiations at 2100 MHz on mitotic activity and DNA integrity in root meristems of Allium cepa

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed fresh onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields for 1 hour and 4 hours and measured mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage using the comet assay. After 4 hours of exposure, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration percentage increased significantly compared to controls. DNA damage was indicated by a significant decrease in head DNA and increase in tail DNA after 4 hours, while tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly. Post-exposure evaluation after 24 hours showed no significant recovery or change.

Exposure to mobile phone radiations at 2350 MHz incites cyto- and genotoxic effects in root meristems of Allium cepa

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed fresh adventitious onion roots to continuous electromagnetic fields at 2350 MHz for one, two, or four hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberrations, while genotoxicity was assessed via comet assay measuring head DNA, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Mitotic index increased significantly after four hours and chromosomal aberrations increased after two hours or more, while phase index showed no specific changes. Head DNA and tail DNA percentages changed significantly after two and four hours respectively, but tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly.

Genotoxic effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields on blood leukocytes in vitro

Unknown authors · 2019

The study evaluated genotoxic effects of 123.90 kHz and 250.80 kHz intermediate frequency magnetic fields on canine and human blood. Blood samples were exposed at 630 A/m (0.79 mT) and 80 A/m (0.10 mT) for durations of 1-5 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours. The alkaline comet assay was used to assess genotoxicity. A statistically significant increase in DNA damage was detected only after 20 hours of exposure.

Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on circadian rhythm control in mice.

Lundberg L, Sienkiewicz Z, Anthony DC, Broom KA. · 2019

Researchers exposed male C57BL/6J mice for 30 min to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 580 μT, blue LED light at 700 lux, both, or neither, to test whether power frequency magnetic fields can influence circadian rhythm control. The magnetic fields did not modulate the response to light and had no significant effect on adrenal markers on their own, though they were associated with a decrease in locomotor activity (P < 0.03). Gene expression of cry1 and cry2 in the adrenals, liver, and hippocampus was not affected by any of the exposures (P > 0.05).

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on learning and memory abilities of STZ-induced dementia rats.

Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cheing GL, Pan W. · 2019

Researchers allocated forty Sprague-Dawley rats to four groups, including an STZ-induced dementia group exposed to pulsed EMF at 10 mT and 20 Hz. The Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory abilities, and IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene expression were measured by quantitative PCR. Mean escape latency was reduced by 66%, swimming distance decreased by 55%, and time for first crossing the platform decreased by 41.6% in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group. IGF-2 gene expression significantly increased in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group.

Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain

Alkis ME et al. · 2019

Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to radiofrequency radiation at 900, 1800, or 2100 MHz for 2 hours per day for 6 months to study DNA damage and oxidative stress in blood and brain tissue. DNA damage and oxidative stress indicators were found higher in the radiofrequency radiation exposure groups than in the sham-control group. The researchers concluded that 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation may cause oxidative damage, induce an increase in lipid peroxidation, and increase oxidative DNA damage in the frontal lobe of rat brain tissues, and that 2100-MHz radiation may cause formation of DNA single-strand breaks.