Silva V et al. · 2015
Researchers prepared primary human thyroid cell cultures from normal thyroid tissue of surgical patients and exposed them to simulated cell phone radiofrequency energy under different conditions. They assessed proliferation using Ki-67 and p53 expression, and measured DNA ploidy, HSP70, and ROS by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. No irradiation condition affected Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy, HSP70, or ROS, and the researchers concluded there was no potential carcinogenic effect.
Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL · 2015
Researchers investigated whether ELF-EMF exposure could induce oxidative stress in workers performing tour-inspection near transformers and distribution power lines. The study included 310 exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff as controls. No significant changes in enzyme activities or MDA concentration were found. Micronucleus lymphocyte frequency and micronuclei frequency also showed no statistically significant changes.
Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2015
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field for 24 hours with or without menadione co-exposure. Micronuclei, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were measured at 15, 30, and 45 days after exposure. Micronuclei levels were significantly elevated at 15 and 30 days but not at 45 days after exposure. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased at 30 and 45 days after exposure.
Jin H, Yoon HE, Lee JS, Kim JK, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether combined exposure to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT or 2 mT with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide causes genomic instability in non-tumorigenic human lung epithelial L132 cells. They examined the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells and aneuploid cells after exposures. Exposure to 0.5 Gy ionizing radiation or 0.05 mM hydrogen peroxide for 9 hours increased aneuploidy but did not cause apoptotic cell death. ELF-MF alone did not affect the percentages of G2/M-arrested cells, aneuploid cells, or subG1 phase populations. Combining ELF-MF with ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide did not further increase G2/M arrest or aneuploidy.
Zalata A et al. · 2015
In this prospective study, 124 semen samples were grouped into normozoospermia (N, n=26), asthenozoospermia (A, n=32), asthenoteratozoospermia (AT, n=31), and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT, n=35). Each sample was split into non-exposed and exposed portions, with the exposed portion receiving cell phone radiation for 1 hour. After exposure, sperm motility, acrosin activity, DNA fragmentation, and CLU gene expression were assessed. Exposure significantly decreased sperm motility, linear velocity, linearity index, and acrosin activity, and significantly increased DNA fragmentation, CLU gene expression, and CLU protein levels, with the largest changes in the OAT group.
Bogomazova AN et al. · 2015
Researchers studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in human embryonic stem cells exposed to narrow-band terahertz radiation at 2.3 THz under strict temperature control. The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased after irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in the cells. No effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the cells was observed following exposure.
Bedir R et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field during the first 20 days of pregnancy. Kidney tissue from exposed fetuses showed mild congestion, tubular defects, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule. Apoptosis assessed by caspase-3 staining was stronger in exposed renal tubular cells, and serum potassium was significantly higher in the exposed group while urea, creatinine and other electrolytes did not differ.
Gulati S et al. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate genetic damage from mobile tower radiation and to test for associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in 116 exposed and 106 control subjects. DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay for tail moment in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Exposed subjects showed significantly higher BMN frequency and TM values than controls, while GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were not associated with DNA damage levels in either group.
Gandhi G, Kaur G, Nisar U. · 2015
The study was a cross-sectional case-control study that assessed genetic damage with the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 residents near a mobile phone tower and 28 matched healthy controls. The power density within 300 meters of the base station exceeded permissive limits and was significantly higher than in the control area. DNA migration length, damage frequency, and damage index were all significantly elevated in the exposed group compared to controls. Female residents had significantly higher damage frequency than male residents. Linear regression identified daily mobile phone usage, location of residence, and power density as significant predictors of genetic damage.
Sokolovic D et al. · 2015
Researchers divided adult Wistar rats into four groups: saline control, melatonin only, microwave exposure only, and microwave exposure with melatonin treatment. Melatonin was administered daily at 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and rats were sacrificed after 20, 40, and 60 days. Melatonin treatment prevented increases in malondialdehyde after 20 days and reversed microwave effects on xanthine oxidase after 40 days and acid-DNase activity after 20 days. However, melatonin did not change protein carbonyl content, catalase activity, or alkaline DNase activity.
Zhao YL et al. · 2015
Mice were exposed to whole-body 2100 MHz microwaves at SARs of 0.45, 1.8, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. GO analysis showed the genes were involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, and cellular component organization. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling pathways.
Wang C et al. · 2015
Wang D et al. · 2015
Exposure significantly reduced progressive sperm motility and viability and increased sperm head defects. Early apoptosis was higher after exposure, while DNA methylation of the H19 ICR and KvDMR1 imprinting genes did not change significantly.
Ye W, Wang F, Zhang W, Fang N, Zhao W, Wang J. · 2015
Researchers examined the effects of mobile phone radiation on cardiovascular development in chicken embryos using a 900 MHz phone at a specific absorption rate of approximately 1.07 W/kg, applied intermittently for 3 hours per day during incubation. The rate of embryonic mortality and cardiac deformity increased significantly in the exposed group. Comet assay data showed the haemocyte mean tail in the exposed group was significantly larger than that of the control. The researchers suggest that long-term exposure may induce myocardium pathological changes, DNA damage, and increased mortality, but found little effect on vascular development.
Zuo WQ, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Zhao XY, Zhang YY, Kong W, Kong WJ. · 2015
Researchers used spiral ganglion neurons from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether inflammation might increase sensitivity to damage from mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation alone could not directly induce DNA damage in normal spiral ganglion neurons. The study suggests that sensitivity of spiral ganglion neurons to damage caused by mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may increase in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model.
Wang X et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Neuro-2a cells to 900 MHz GSM signals at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 W/kg for 24 hours, with or without silencing of the DNA repair enzyme OGG1. Without OGG1 silencing, 2 W/kg RF-EMFs induced oxidative DNA base damage, and with OGG1 silencing, damage was observed at exposures as low as 1 W/kg. Increases in oxidative DNA base damage were accompanied by similar increases in reactive oxygen species, but neither DNA strand breakage nor altered cell viability was observed.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed a mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line intermittently to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at intensities of 1, 2, or 3 mT, or to 1800 MHz RF-EMF in GSM-Talk mode at SAR values of 1, 2, or 4 W/kg. After 24 hours of exposure, neither ELF-EMF nor RF-EMF affected cell viability. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased DNA strand breaks at 3 mT, while RF-EMF exposure significantly induced oxidative DNA base damage at a SAR of 4 W/kg. The researchers suggest that both field types may produce genotoxicity at relatively high intensities but through different patterns of DNA damage.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 180 days at 3 different frequencies, namely, 900, 1800 MHz, and 2450 MHz. The study investigated effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and DNA damage in rat brain. The results showed declined cognitive function, elevated HSP70 level, and DNA damage in the brains of microwave-exposed animals. The researchers concluded that chronic low-intensity microwave exposure in the frequency range of 900 to 2450 MHz may cause hazardous effects on the brain.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed transfected rat primary cells to static magnetic fields of 1 to 440 mT for 16, 24, or 48 hours starting at 24 and 48 hours post-transfection. Heat shock protein (HSP70) expression was measured via a promoter-linked luciferase reporter for up to 96 hours. Expression showed a dependence on flux density, exposure duration, and start time post-transfection. A nonlinear response yielded a maximum 3.5-fold increase in expression for 48 hours of exposure starting 48 hours after transfection. The enhancement was similar in magnitude to that from electric fields but avoided clinical complications.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of gadolinium and the possible enhancing effect of ELF-EMF on gadolinium toxicity in cultured human lymphocytes using micronuclei assay, trypan blue dye exclusion, single cell gel electrophoresis, and apoptosis analyses. Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 0.2-1.2 mM gadolinium only or in combination with a 60-Hz ELF-EMF of 0.8 mT field strength. Gadolinium exposure caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in micronuclei frequency, single strand DNA breakage, apoptotic cell death, and ROS production. ELF-EMF exposure also increased cell death, micronuclei frequency, olive tail moment, and apoptosis induced by gadolinium treatment alone.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers studied the combined effects of extremely high-frequency EMR and X-rays on DNA damage in mouse whole blood leukocytes. Pulse-modulated EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz with 0.1 mW/cm2 power density for 20 minutes induced hydrogen peroxide at 4.6 ± 0.3 nM L−1. Exposure to this pulse-modulated EMR 25 minutes before 4 Gy X-rays reduced ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Continuous EHF EMR was inefficient. Low-level hydrogen peroxide (30–500 nM L−1) also protected cells against X-irradiation.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to a 2mT, 50 Hz magnetic field for 3 h. Proteomics analysis using 2D electrophoresis and bioinformatics showed that expression of 189 proteins changed in exposed cells relative to control. PCA analysis confirmed that protein data clustered according to experimental conditions.
