Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed adult mice to continuous 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.1 mT or 1.0 mT for eight weeks. They found no evidence of increased persistent unrepaired nuclear DNA single-strand breaks in distinct cell types of the brain, kidney, and liver.
Saha S et al · 2014
X-ray exposure significantly increased DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in the embryonic neuronal stem cell compartment, with a linear dose response. DSB repair was delayed at doses below 50 mGy compared to 100 mGy. No significant induction of DSBs or apoptosis was observed after magnetic field exposure.
Huang CY et al · 2014
Researchers tested whether 1.5 mT, 60 Hz ELF-EMFs affect primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes as they did HaCaT cells in a prior study. ELF-EMFs exerted no effects on cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, or ATM signaling pathway activation in NHEK cells. The two epidermal keratinocyte types responded differently to ELF-EMFs, confirming cell type-specific biological effects.
Unknown authors · 2014
Souza LD, Cerqueira ED, Meireles JR · 2014
The study included 45 individuals divided into three groups based on weekly mobile phone use: more than 5 hours, 1 to 5 hours, and 1 hour or less. Oral mucosal cells were examined for micronuclei, broken egg structures, and degenerative nuclear abnormalities indicative of apoptosis or necrosis. Micronuclei and degenerative nuclear abnormalities did not differ between groups, but broken egg structures were significantly higher in the group with more than 5 hours of weekly use.
Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2014
Researchers assessed the effect of 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, unsaturated fatty acid concentrations, and catalase expression in the livers of rats of different ages. Twelve rats per age group were divided into control and exposed groups and exposed for half an hour per day for up to 51 days at a specific absorption rate of 1.3–1.0 W/kg. The radiation did not cause oxidative stress and was not genotoxic in neonates or 6- and 15-day-old rats, but it changed polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in neonates. In 30-day-old rats there was no oxidative stress but the radiation was genotoxic to the livers of exposed rats.
Yoon HE, Lee JS, Myung SH, Lee YS · 2014
Researchers exposed human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells and human lung epithelial L132 cells to a 60-Hz magnetic field at 2 mT for 6 hours. The 2 mT exposure increased γ-H2AX expression and foci production, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks. A 1 mT exposure did not produce this effect. The 2 mT field enhanced the DNA damage marker when combined with ionizing radiation but not with hydrogen peroxide.
Jin YB et al. · 2014
Researchers assessed DNA damage using comet assays in mouse and human cell lines exposed to 60-Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF for 4 or 16 hours. Cells exposed to ELF-MF alone showed no significant DNA damage compared to unexposed cells. No synergistic or additive DNA damage occurred when ELF-MF was combined with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc activation.
Alcaraz M, Olmos E, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel DG, Castillo J. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to a 50 Hz ELM-MF for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d and measured the increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte in bone marrow. ELF-EMF exposure increased micronucleated cells more than control but less than X-rays. Antioxidant substances tested did not reduce the genotoxic effect of the ELM-MF, although they reduced damage from ionizing radiation.
Fasseas MK et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed synchronized populations of C. elegans at different developmental stages to radiation from GSM mobile phones, Wi-Fi routers, and DECT phones at electric field levels below ICNIRP guidelines. They examined wild-type and aging- or stress-sensitive mutant worms for changes in growth, fertility, lifespan, chemotaxis, short-term memory, ROS production, and apoptosis using fluorescent markers and qRT-PCR. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control animals in any of the measured outcomes.
Gorpinchenko I, Nikitin O, Banyra O, Shulyak A. · 2014
Researchers exposed sperm samples from 32 healthy men to mobile phone radiation in standby/talk mode for 5 hours. Exposed samples showed significantly lower progressive motility, higher non-progressive motility, and higher DNA fragmentation compared to unexposed samples. A correlation was found between radiation exposure, DNA fragmentation level, and decreased sperm motility.
Akhavan-Sigari R, Baf MM, Ariabod V, Rohde V, Rahighi S. · 2014
Researchers studied sixty-three glioblastoma patients who underwent tumor resection between 2008 and 2011. They measured p53 gene expression in central and peripheral tumor zones using RT-PCR. Among patients using cell phones three or more hours daily, 65% showed higher mutant p53 expression in the peripheral zone, a statistically significant increase. This increased mutant p53 expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival. The risk was not higher for ipsilateral exposure.
Kumar S, Nirala JP, Behari J, Paulraj R. · 2014
Researchers aimed to observe the effect of electromagnetic irradiation from a 3G mobile phone on the male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario. Exposure to EMF in male albino rats was associated with a significant decrease in sperm count, increased lipid peroxidation damage in sperm cells, reduced seminiferous tubules and testicular weight, and DNA damage.
De Luca C et al. · 2014
The study tested a panel of 12 metabolic blood redox-related parameters and selected drug-metabolizing-enzyme gene polymorphisms in 153 EHS, 147 MCS, and 132 control Italians. They found milder pro-oxidant and proinflammatory changes in the electromagnetic hypersensitivity group, including an increased plasma coenzyme-Q10 oxidation ratio. Genetic analysis showed altered distribution of CYP2C19 variants and a 9.7-fold higher risk of electromagnetic hypersensitivity for a combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null haplotype.
Kesari KK, Meena R, Nirala J, Kumar J, Verma HN. · 2014
Researchers exposed 45-day-old male Wistar rats to 3G cell phone radiation for 2 hours a day over 60 days using a computer-controlled stepper motor. Exposure significantly induced DNA strand breaks and increased micronuclei, caspase 3, and apoptosis in the brain. Western blotting showed a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, hsp70, and p38MAPK, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. The researchers concluded that oxidative stress activates the hsp27/p38MAPK pathway and that 3G radiation affects brain function and causes neurological disorders.
Sannino A et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes from four healthy donors to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields at 0.3 W/kg for 20 hours, then challenged them with 1.0 or 1.5 Gy X-irradiation. After 72 hours of culture, they measured micronuclei incidence and found a significant decrease in micronuclei in cells exposed to both radiofrequency fields and X-rays compared to X-rays alone. The results suggested a radiofrequency-induced adaptive response and resistance to subsequent X-ray damage, though variability between donors was observed.
Ozgur E, Guler G, Kismali G, Seyhan N · 2014
Researchers exposed Hep G2 hepatocarcinoma cells to intermittent 900- and 1800-MHz radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Cell viability changed according to the frequency and duration of the exposure. Four-hour exposure produced more pronounced effects than shorter durations. 1800-MHz radiation had a larger impact on cell viability and injury than 900-MHz radiation. Morphological analysis showed irregular nuclei and DNA damage after 4 hours of 1800-MHz exposure.
Habauzit D et al. · 2014
Researchers used a whole gene expression approach to assess the effect of acute 60 GHz exposure on primary cultures of human keratinocytes. Exposure led to an increase of temperature and a strong modification of keratinocyte gene expression, with 665 genes differentially expressed. When temperature was artificially kept constant, no modification in gene expression was observed after millimeter wave exposure. A heat shock control did not mimic exactly the millimeter wave effect, suggesting a slight but specific electromagnetic effect under hyperthermia conditions, with 34 genes differentially expressed.
Dasdag S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 3 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 12 months to study effects on microRNA in brain tissue. The study found that rno-miR107 was decreased in exposed rats, while rno-miR-9-5p, rno-miR-29a-3p, rno-miR-106b-5p, and rno-miR-125a-3p were not altered.
Zong C, Ji Y, He Q, Zhu S, Qin F, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2014
Researchers exposed adult mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 power density for 4 hours per day for 7 days, then injected some mice with bleomycin. Radiofrequency exposure alone showed no indications of increased DNA or oxidative damage compared to mice treated with bleomycin alone. Mice exposed to radiofrequency fields and then given bleomycin showed significantly reduced DNA damage at each repair time point measured, as well as decreased MDA levels and increased SOD levels.
Meena R, Kumari K, Kumar J, Rajamani P, Verma HN, Kesari KK. · 2014
Researchers divided 70-day-old male Wistar rats into four groups: sham exposed, melatonin treated, microwave exposed, and microwave plus melatonin treated. Exposure took place in Plexiglas cages for 2 hours a day for 45 days at a power density of 0.21 mW/cm2 and a SAR of 0.14 W/Kg. Melatonin was associated with a significant increase in testicular LDH-X and decreased levels of MDA and ROS in the testes. The researchers concluded that melatonin has strong antioxidative potential against microwave-induced oxidative stress mediated DNA damage in testicular cells.
Gürler HS, Bilgici B, Akar AK, Tomak L, Bedir A. · 2014
Researchers studied oxidative damage and the protective effect of garlic in rats exposed to low-level electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz microwave radiation. Groups II and III were exposed to low-level EMF at 3.68 ± 0.36 V/m at 2.45 GHz for 1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days, with Group III also receiving 500 mg/kg garlic daily. Exposure increased 8-OHdG levels in both plasma and brain tissue and increased AOPP levels only in plasma, while garlic prevented the increase of 8-OHdG in brain tissue and AOPP in plasma.
Pandir D, Sahingoz R · 2014
Researchers exposed Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) larvae to a 1.4-Tesla magnetic field at 50 Hz for time periods ranging from 3 to 72 hours. DNA damage, measured by the comet assay, was significantly larger than in the control group at increasing exposure times. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) decreased and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA increased in exposed larvae compared to controls.
Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2014
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50-Hz, 100-μT magnetic field for 24 hours, followed by a 3-hour exposure to menadione. The study aimed to investigate cellular changes occurring during the first 24 hours of magnetic field exposure and whether those changes could lead to genomic instability in the progeny of exposed cells. Magnetic field exposure was associated with increased micronuclei at 8 and 15 days after exposure, increased mitochondrial activity at 8 days, and increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation at 15 days. The researchers suggest that magnetic field exposure disturbs oxidative balance immediately after exposure, and that persistently elevated levels of micronuclei were found in the progeny of exposed cells.
Giorgi G et al. · 2014
Researchers investigated whether pulsed magnetic field exposure could interfere with DNA damage and repair in human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells under oxidative stress. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide and exposed to a pulsed magnetic field at 1 mT and 50 Hz, and DNA double strand breaks were tracked using gamma-H2AX foci formation at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results suggest that pulsed magnetic field exposure does not interfere with genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress.
