Waldmann P et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated whether GSM 1,800 MHz radiofrequency fields cause genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Blood from 20 healthy volunteers was exposed to three specific absorption rates of 0.2, 2, and 10 W/kg and sham for 28 hours. Four genotoxicity tests were conducted, including chromosome aberration, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange, and comet assays. None of the nine endpoints showed a significant and reproducible exposure effect across the three analyzing laboratories. Positive controls showed highly significant differences from sham exposures, validating the study methods.
Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. · 2013
Researchers compared the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters using a miniature bipolar electrode on the dorsal root ganglion. The sinusoidal waveform group showed higher Von Frey scores than the square wave group. Pain relief was evaluated using the Von Frey method for pain threshold index based on behavioral response to mechanical stimuli.
Bodera P et al. · 2013
Some rats had persistent inflammation induced by CFA injection 24 hours before exposure. Rats received tramadol at 20 mg/kg or vehicle before exposure. Single EMF exposure significantly reduced antioxidant capacity in both healthy and inflamed rats. A synergistic effect between EMF and tramadol was observed in CFA-treated rats.
Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV. · 2013
Researchers studied how extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) affected fatty acid composition in the thymus, liver, blood plasma, muscle tissue, and tumor tissue of mice carrying Ehrlich solid carcinoma. Mice were exposed to EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days starting the day after tumor cells were introduced. In tumor-bearing mice, EHF EMR exposure led to recovery of fatty acid composition in thymocytes to the state typical for normal animals, and in tumor tissue it significantly decreased monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Poniedziałek B et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood samples to a gradient static magnetic field (SMF) in vitro to measure its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils. Blood samples from healthy individuals were incubated in an inhomogeneous SMF at either the south or north pole for 15, 30, or 45 minutes, with a maximum field induction of approximately 60 mT. The exposure induced statistically significant changes in ROS production in both unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils, with effects that were highly correlated with exposure time and depended on field orientation.
Poniedzialek B et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils in peripheral blood in vitro. Three different levels of magnetic induction were analyzed: 10, 40 and 60 μT. Incubation in EMF slightly inhibited activity in unstimulated neutrophils, while activity increased in PMA-stimulated neutrophils after incubation in EMF.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to RF-EMF for 45 minutes per day, five days per week, for up to eight weeks. Each signal had a whole-body average SAR of 2.0 W/kg. The combined exposure did not affect the measured immune parameters.
Laudisi F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals at 2450 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for two hours daily during gestation. Thymocyte count, phenotype, and proliferation were unchanged in exposed offspring. These null effects were consistent in both sexes at 5 and 26 weeks of age.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2012
Researchers conducted a case–control study with 41 dentists and dentistry students, 21 exposed to EMFs from cavitrons and 20 unexposed, collecting blood samples before work at 8:30–9:30 a.m. and after work at 11:30–12:30 a.m. and measuring serum cortisol by ELISA. Morning cortisol levels did not differ significantly between the exposed and control groups. At noon, the exposed group had significantly lower cortisol than the control group. In the exposed group, cortisol decreased significantly from morning to noon. The authors state that EMFs from magnetostrictive cavitrons can decrease serum cortisol in dentists.
Mortazavi S et al. · 2012
In the first phase, 110 male mice were divided into eight groups and exposed or sham-exposed to microwave, low dose rate gamma, or both for five days before a lethal gamma dose on day six. In the second phase, 30 male rats were divided into two groups of 15; the first group received microwave exposure, the second group received no treatment before the lethal dose, and all animals were whole-body irradiated with the lethal dose on day five. Statistically significant differences in survival were observed for mice pre-exposed to microwave (p=0.02), low dose rate gamma (p=0.001), or both (p=0.003), and for rats between control and test groups. The authors concluded that exposure to microwave radiation may induce a significant survival adaptive response.
Li CY, Liao MH, Lin CW, Tsai WS, Huang CC, Tang TK. · 2012
The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of microwave radiation on LPS-induced NFκB expression in THP-1 monocytes. PMA caused THP-1 monocytes to differentiate into macrophages that reacted with LPS, increasing NFκB levels. Microwave radiation exposure decreased NFκB expression levels in PMA and LPS stimulated THP-1 monocytes.
El-Bediwi AB, Saad M, El-Kott AF, Eid E. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and blood components in rats. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets were broken after exposure. Blood viscosity and plasma viscosity values increased while osmotic fragility value decreased after exposure.
Zeni O et al. · 2012
When lymphocytes from six donors were pre-exposed to RF at 0.3W/kg SAR and then treated with MMC, these cells showed a significant reduction in the frequency of MN compared with cells treated with MMC alone, indicating adaptive response. An earlier study found that lymphocytes stimulated for 24h, exposed for 20h to a 900MHz RF GSM signal at 1.25W/kg SAR and then treated with 100ng/ml MMC also exhibited adaptive response. In the current study, cells from nine healthy human volunteers were stimulated for 24h with phytohaemagglutinin, exposed for 20h to a 1950MHz RF UMTS signal at SARs of 1.25, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.15W/kg, then treated at 48h with 100ng/ml mitomycin C, and micronuclei frequency was recorded at 72h using the cytokinesis-block method.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D et al. · 2012
Researchers evaluated how cell phone radiation affects chorionic gonadotropin immunoassays using human serum samples. Radiation altered measured serum levels, especially at 100, 250, and 500 mIU/mL concentrations. The higher 1.09 W/kg SAR exposure caused a significant loss compared to the lower 0.69 W/kg SAR exposure.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2012
Pregnant rats were exposed to a 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. Dams were exposed from days 6 to 21 of gestation, and then three newborns per litter were further exposed from birth to day 35 postnatal. Sera from pups were screened for antibodies against 15 different antigens using ELISA, and no change in humoral response was observed regardless of the types of biomarker and SAR levels. The researchers' observations suggested a lack of adverse effects of Wi-Fi exposure on delivery and general condition of the animals.
Lu YS, Huang BT, Huang YX. · 2012
Researchers studied reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at a specific absorption rate of ~0.4 W/kg. ROS was found to play an important role in apoptosis when exposure lasted longer than two hours, with apoptosis induced through the mitochondrial pathway and mediated by activating ROS and caspase-3, and decreasing the mitochondrial potential. The imbalance between antioxidant defenses and ROS formation was associated with about 37% human PBMC death in eight hours.
Vignola MB et al. · 2012
Researchers evaluated the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress in rats with experimental myopathy. Myopathy was induced by injecting 50 μl of 1% carrageenan, and PEMF treatment was applied at 20 mT and 50 Hz for 30 min/day/rat. PEMF treatment was associated with decreased levels of fibrinogen, L-citrulline, NO, SOD, and carbonyl groups and significant muscle recovery.
Pilla AA · 2012
Researchers tested how a non-thermal pulse-modulated RF signal affected nitric oxide release in dopaminergic MN9D neuronal cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides and in human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum. In dopaminergic MN9D cultures, the signal produced an immediate nearly three-fold increase in nitric oxide, measured in real-time using a nitric oxide selective membrane electrode. In human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum and exposed for 15 minutes to the same signal, nitric oxide increased nearly two-fold, and this increase could be blocked by the calmodulin antagonist W-7.
Patruno A et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed THP-1 cells to a 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field for 24 hours, with or without LPS, to study effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitor TIMP-1. Exposure was associated with a reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity and an enhancement of nitrogen intermediates involving the iNOS pathway. The researchers analyzed the role of nitration of TIMP-1 in increasing the activity of MMPs in EMF-exposed cells, and molecular modeling identified at least two protein sites, Y120 and Y38 and/or Y72, as plausible targets. The results may suggest a pathway connecting an imbalance of MMPs and their cognate inhibitor TIMP-1.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Hode Y, de Seze R, Villégier AS · 2012
Researchers assessed the effects of a single GSM exposure at 900 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg on young adult (6-week-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. The study measured brain IL-1β and IL-6, plasmatic corticosterone levels, and emotional memory. Results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, while plasmatic corticosterone levels increased in GSM-exposed young adults. Acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocyte activation, in contrast to previously published work.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and stimulated them with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands and heat-killed microorganisms. The cells were exposed to a controlled ELF-EMF signal at 20-5000 Hz with a DC component of 3 μT and AC component of 5 μT for 30 minutes. Cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, IL-10) was measured at different time points. No significant difference in cytokine production was detected after stimulation with LPS, Pam3Cys, or the panel of microorganisms. The researchers concluded that ELF-EMF does not modulate innate immune response of human primary cells after TLR stimulation in vitro under their experimental conditions.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of extremely low frequency EMF on intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular function in RBL 2H3 cells. Exposure to EMF at 0.1 or 1 mT for 4 or 16 hours did not produce cytotoxic effects in RBL 2H3 cells. Melittin, ionomycin, and thapsigargin each dose-dependently increased intracellular calcium concentration. The calcium increases induced by these agents were not affected by EMF exposure. EMF exposure also did not affect basal or melittin-induced beta-hexosaminidase release.
Unknown authors · 2011
The authors review cellular and molecular mechanisms of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in tissue repair with focus on chronic wounds. The data analysis supports three main effects: anti-inflammatory via cytokine modulation, neo-angiogenic via endothelial cell proliferation and FGF-2 production, and reepithelialization via collagen formation stimulation.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers tested whether separate cell populations physically interfere when incubated in close proximity. They used immortalized mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and adult human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECad) seeded in separate polystyrene Petri dishes. Dishes with NIH3T3 cells were placed on top of dishes with endothelial cells at distances of 4mm and 11mm. Cell number and morphology of both cell types were modified in dishes without the black filter, suggesting signals transmitted through the polystyrene walls affected proliferation and morphology.
